• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1005-1009
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• 2017

Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy can cause congenital defects. Available data for CMV infection during pregnancy in north China are inadequate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of maternal CMV infection and explore the incidence of congenital infection. In this prospective study, serum CMV IgG and IgM antibodies were measured in 2,887 pregnant women using ELISA, and the IgG avidity test was performed on all IgM-positive subjects. The seroprevalence of anti-CMV IgG was 94.70%, and of anti-CMV IgM was 1.28%. CMV IgG prevalence increased significantly with age (p < 0.01). Women living in downtown areas showed higher IgG prevalence than those residing in urban areas (p = 0.023). CMV-IgM seroprevalence was highest in autumn (p = 0.021). There was no difference in IgM seroprevalence by age, socioeconomic status, geographical area, or gravida. The rate of primary CMV infection was 0.45% (13/2,887) at the first trimester. The seroconversion rate during pregnancy was 0.76% (22/2,887). One woman underwent seroconversion during pregnancy and gave birth to an infant with asymptomatic CMV infection. Congenital CMV infection was diagnosed in five of the 14 infants from 14 mothers with active infection, for a vertical transmission rate of 35.71% (5/14). Three infants were asymptomatic, whereas two infants presented symptomatic infection with hearing deficits. Although CMV IgG prevalence is relatively high in north China, significant attention to primary CMV infection during pregnancy is still needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.221-226
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• 1994

Copper T 380A intrauterine devices were inserted to nine thousand and nine hundred twenty women by 51 KAVS-member physicians since January 1, 1993 through December 31, 1993. This study was undertaken for the clinical analysis on a total of 9,920 women wearing Copper T 380A to grasp the effectivness as well as the expulsion rate due to a various side effects. The following features were the results of the study: 1. During the twelve months period, from January 1993 to December 1993, the largest number of IUD insertion per one physician is 740 cases and the smallest number 60 cases, the mean 195 cases. 2. After insertion of Copper T 380A, a total of 117 cases were removed the IUD;81 cases(0.8%) were due to extensive bleeding and 36 cases(O.36%) were due to pain. The pregnancy failure rate represented comparatively lower rate, 0.08% (8 cases) and the expulsion rate was 0.06%(6 cases). 3. The removal rate of Copper T 380A was different by physicians. The highest removal rate for bleeding was 3.13% and 13 physicians(25.5%) did not experience any bleeding cases. 4. For the removal rate for pain, 30 physicians(58.8%) did not experience any removal of IUD due to pain while 21 physicians(41.2%) removed IUD due to pain: 17 physiciansC33.4 %) had 0.1-1.5% of removal rate and 4 physiciansC7.0%) had 1.6-2.1% of removal rate. 5. A total of 43 physicians(84.3 %) did not experience any pregnancy failure case while 8 (15.7%) physicians was experienced pregnancy failure rate. Four physicians(7.8%) had 0.1-0.5% of pregnancy failure rate and 4 physicians had 0.6-1.0% of pregnancy failure rate. 6. Expulsion rate showed comparatively lower, 0.06% in this study. A total of 45 physicians (88.2%) did not experience any expulsion cases while 6 physicians(11.7%) had expulsion rate with the highest expulsion rate of 2.0%.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2004

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of double intrauterine insemination with single intrauterine insemination in GnRH antagonist combined ovarian hyperstimulation (Mild ovarian hyperstimulation) Materials and Methods: From Jan. 2001 to Jul. 2004, a retrospective clinical analysis was done of a total of 295 cycles in 170 patients who underwent ovarian hyperstimulation for ART (assisted reproductive technique). Subjects were divided into three groups; only clomiphene citrate ovarian hyperstimulation (n=55, 95cycles), GnRH antagonist combined ovarian hyperstimulation (soft ovarian hyperstimulation) (n=66 99cycles), and GnRH agonist combined ovarian hyperstimulation (short protocol) (n=49, 101cycles) Each group were randomly devided into two subgroups. One group underwent single IUI and the other group underwent double IUI. Results: GnRH antagonist group and GnRH agonist group had similar pregnancy rate. In GnRH antagonist Group, pregnancy rate was 36.1% in single IUI subgroup and was 36.6% in double IUI subgroup. These finding were not statistically significant. And Pregnancy rate was 20.8% in single IUI subgroup and was 19.3% in double IUI subgroup in single clomiphene citrate group, and 36.3% in single IUI subgroup and was 33.3% in double IUI subgroup in GnRH agonist group. These finding were not statistically significant, too. Conclusion: Pregnancy rate of GnRH antagonist was high and complication rate such as OHSS and multiple pregnancy was lower. In GnRH antagonist group, to compare with single IUI and double IUI, the result do not statistically differ. So GnRH antagonist single injection with single IUI was relatively comparable ART in infertiliry patient.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

Objective: This study was carried out to compare the clinical outcome of elective single cleavage-embryo transfer (eSCET) to that of elective single blastocyst-embryo transfer (eSBET) in human IVF-ET. Methods: This study was a retrospective study which analyzed for 614 women who visited the Daegu Maria Clinic from August 2008 to December 2009. All were under 37 years old and had more than 8 mm of endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration and at least one good quality embryo on day 3. The eSCETs were performed on day 3 (n=450) and the eSBETs were conducted on day 5 (n=164). Results: The numbers of retrieved oocytes, fertilized oocytes, and day 3 good quality embryos were significantly lower in the eSCET group (12.1${\pm}$6.0, 8.2${\pm}$4.6, and 4.2${\pm}$3.1, respectively) compared to the eSBET group (16.7${\pm}$7.2, 12.1${\pm}$5.0, and 8.5${\pm}$4.5, respectively; p<0.001). However, the clinical pregnancy, implantation, on-going pregnancy, and live birth rates of the eSCET group (46.7, 46.9, 40.0, and 36.7%, respectively) were not statistically different from those of the eSBET group (51.2, 51.8, 45.1, and 43.9%, respectively; p=0.318, 0.278, 0.254, and 0.103, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggested that elective single embryo transfer should be performed regardless of the developmental stage to women less than 37 years old who had more than 8 mm of endometrial thickness on the hCG administration day and at least one good quality embryo on day 3 in order to reduce the twin pregnancy rate without reducing the whole pregnancy rate.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.54-72
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review the recent clinical study trends on Korean Medicine treatment for vaginitis during pregnancy. Methods: We searched articles published from electric databases including Oasis, KISS, Pubmed, and CNKI. The period was set from 2012 to 2021. Searched keywords were "임신 중 질염", "한약", "Vaginitis during pregnancy", "Herbal medicine", "妊娠合并阴道炎", "中药". Results: 34 articles were finally selected. Except 1 case series study, there were 33 RCTs, 1 article of which used both herbal decoction and herbal fumigation for treatment group (TG) ; 18 employed herbal fumigation only, and 14 took both herbal fumigation and western medicine. The total effective rate or cure rate in TGs, regardless of treatment methods, was higher than that of control group in all RCT studies. Conclusions: Our review found that Korean medicine alone or combined with western medicine is more effective for alleviating symptoms of vaginitis during pregnancy than the control group.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1990

Maternal serum ${\beta}$-specific human chorionic gonadotropin(${\beta}$-hCG) and pregnancy-specific ${\beta}_1$-glycoprotein($SP_1$) levels were determined more than one per week during 11-41 days post embryo transfer(ET) in 21 consecutive pregnancies after in vitro fertilization(IVF), which included 8 normal singleton pregnancies, 3 twin pregnancies, 4 clinical abortions, 1 ectopic pregnancy, and 5 preclinical abortions. The sensitivity of serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ radioimmunoassays was 3mIU/ml and 0.7ng/ml relatively. At the 7th to 8th week of gestation, ultrasonographic confirmation of fetal pole and fetal heartbeat was performed. Both serm ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels showed logarithmic increase, but log[$SP_1$] had more steep rising curve and had wider variation than log[${\beta}$-hCG] in normal singleton pregnancies. In 3 twin pregnancies and one ectopic pregnancy, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels located within the 95% confidence interval of the mean levels of 8 normal singleton pregnancies(normal range). In 2 clinical abortions which had a fetal pole without heartbeat, serum ${\beta}$-hCG level showed lower limit of the normal range or just below, but all $SP_1$ levels showed within the normal range. In other 2 clinical abortions which were diagnosed as blighted ovum, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels from 11 days post-ET and serum $SP_1$ levels from later days compared with ${\beta}$-hCG were below the normal range. In 5 preclinical abortions, serum $SP_1$ levels were within the normal range but serum ${\beta}$-hCG levels were far below the normal range. In conclusion, both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels increased exponentially with similar pattern in normally conceived pregancy after IVF-ET. Both serum ${\beta}$-hCG and $SP_1$ levels could predict outcome of early pregnancy to a certain degree, but log[${\beta}$-hCG] levels had more significant correlation with outcome of pregnancy compared with log[$SP_1$] levels. In addition, ultrasonographic examination of fetal poles and fetal heartbeats gives very important clinical information and prognosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine the predictive value of anti-$M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone (AMH) levels for pregnancy outcomes in patients over 40 years of age who underwent in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycles. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 188 women aged 40 to 44 years who underwent IVF/ICSI-fresh ET cycles due to unexplained infertility in the fertility center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center. Patients were divided into group A, with AMH levels <1.0 ng/mL (n=97), and group B, with AMH levels ${\geq}1.0ng/mL$ (n=91). We compared the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in the two groups and performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors that had a significant effect on the CPR. Results: The CPR was significantly lower in group A than group B (7.2% vs. 24.2%, p<0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, AMH levels were the only factor that had a significant impact on the CPR (odds ratio, 1.510; 95% confidence interval, 1.172-1.947). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AMH levels as a predictor of the CPR was 0.721. When the cut-off level of AMH was set at 1.90 ng/ mL, the CPR was 6.731-fold higher in the group with AMH levels ${\geq}1.90ng/mL$ than in the group with AMH levels <1.90 ng/mL (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed that AMH levels were predictive of clinical pregnancy in infertility patients over 40 years of age. Further prospective studies should be conducted to validate the predictive capability of AMH levels for the outcome of clinical pregnancy.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

An aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of misinterpretation of pregnancy related cellular changes on the postpartum regression rate of abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy. A series of 265 cases with abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy were selected from a database of cervical smear results. The selected cases were classified as regression, persistence, and progression based on the results of postpartum cervical smears and histology. Of the selected cases, 162 cases were classified as regression and the postpartum regression rate was 61.1% (162/265). We reviewed abnormal cervical smears in pregnancy these cases. The primary cytologic diagnoses of these cases were ASCUS (118 cases), AGUS (2 cases), ASCUS/AGUS (1 case), LSIL (25 cases), LSIL R/O HSIL (2 cases), and HSIL (14 cases). With information of the pregnacy, we identified decidual cells in 24 cases, but cells identified by the Arias-Stella reaction and trophoblasts were not found. Sixteen cases out of 162 cases were reclassified as a pregnancy related change rather than an abnormal. Desidual cells were considered as ASCUS in 15 cases and as LSIL in one case. The revised postpartum regression rate was 55.5%(147/265) and was lower than the original. Consequently, misinterpretation of the pregnancy related cellular changes has an effect on a rise of the postpartum regression rate of the abnormal cervical smear in pregnancy. Pathologists may diagnose pregnancy related cellular changes as abnormal findings if they do not have information regarding the pregnancy. Therefore, clinical information of pregnancy and knowledge about the pregnancy related cellular changes are essential to prevent misinterpretation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2012

While Korea does not have any legal statement on surrogacy, treatments are carried out in practice. As a result, every Institutional Review Board (IRB) of each fertility clinic faces an ethical predicament in reviewing each case. There is a need to arrange the institutions' own standards of surrogate pregnancy procedures before the establishment of national or professional regulation. This article examines the legal, social, and medical issues of surrogacy to help IRBs to judge their cases.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2016

Pregnancy-associated gastric cancer is extremely rare. In many cases, it is diagnosed at an advanced stage because the symptoms during pregnancy are generally overlooked. We report three cases of gastric cancer during pregnancy with various outcomes. The first case included a patient with stage IV gastric cancer who received palliative chemotherapy. This patient had a preterm birth and died 7 months after diagnosis. The second case received neoadjuvant chemotherapy during pregnancy and a total gastrectomy was performed after delivery. She then received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This patient developed pulmonary metastasis and died of recurrence 41 months after surgery. In the third case, a distal subtotal gastrectomy was performed at week 14 of pregnancy, with no complications. The patient received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. She is currently without recurrence 14 months after surgery. In patients with pregnancy-associated gastric cancer, treatment decisions are predominantly influenced by clinical stage and gestational age at diagnosis.