• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for field modification during radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 33 patients that underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Pathologic findings were squamous cell carcinoma in 32 patients and adenocarcinoma in 1 patient. All patients underwent PET/CT scans before and during CRT (after receiving 40 Gy and before a 20 Gy boost dose). Response evaluation was determined by PET/CT using metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total glycolytic activity (TGA), MTV ratio (rMTV) and TGA ratio (rTGA), or determined by CT. rMTV and rTGA were reduction ratio of MTV and TGA between before and during CRT, respectively. Results: Significant decreases in MTV ($MTV_{2.5}$: mean 70.09%, p < 0.001) and TGA ($TGAV_{2.5}$: mean 79.08%, p < 0.001) were found between before and during CRT. Median $rMTV_{2.5}$ was 0.299 (range, 0 to 0.98) and median $rTGAV_{2.5}$ was 0.209 (range, 0 to 0.92). During CRT, PET/CT detected newly developed distant metastasis in 1 patient, and this resulted in a treatment strategy change. At a median 4 months (range, 0 to 12 months) after completion of CRT, 8 patients (24.2%) achieved clinically complete response, 11 (33.3%) partial response, 5 (15.2%) stable disease, and 9 (27.3%) disease progression. $SUV_{max}$ (p = 0.029), $rMTV_{50%}$ (p = 0.016), $rMTV_{75%}$ (p = 0.023) on intra-treatment PET were found to correlate with complete clinical response. Conclusion: PET/CT during CRT can provide additional information useful for radiotherapy planning and offer the potential for tumor response evaluation during CRT. $rMTV_{50%}$ during CRT was found to be a useful predictor of clinical response.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 1995

Teratoma contains elements derived from all three embryonic germ layers and mature teratomas are entirely composed of mature differentiated tissues, while immature types always contain additional embryonic tissues of variable degree of immaturity, especially neuroepithelial elements. Twenty cases of teratoma in infancy and childhood were reviewed and the clinical features and pathologic findings including PCNA expression were studied. Sacrococcygeal teratomas were the most common type(45%), followed by retroperitoneal and ovarian teratomas. There was a predilection of females in a ratio of 4:1 and age distribution was most prevalent below the first year of age(45%). But in ovarian teratomas, the age at diagnosis was above 4 years of age in all cases. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were checked in 18 cases. In all mature teratomas and 1 of 5 immature teratomas, the levels were normal. But in 4 of 5 immature teratomas, the serum levels were elevated and progressively declined to normal range after mass excision. Radiologically, calcifications in tumor were found in 60.0% of teratomas and was higher in mature teratomas(69.2%) than immature teratomas(42.9%). Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was done in 16 cases and PCNA expression was higher in grade III immature teratomas than grade I and II. The operative modes were complete mass excisions. Five immature teratomas were treated with multiagent PEB(Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin) adjuvant chemotherapy, 3 tolerated well without significant complications, but in one case, severe bone marrow suppression was developed and died of sepsis. In conclusion, grade III immature teratoma showed higher PCNA expression than mature or lower grade immature teratoma, which suggests that chemotherapy after surgical excision may be effective modality for grade III immature teratoma. We think, however, multicenter study is necessary because of low incidence of immature teratoma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that represents 1~2% of all pancreatic cancers. Clinical and radiologic findings are inconclusive in this disease. Acinar cell carcinoma is characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis, which lead to its poor prognosis. A 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed a splenic mass, which was being invaded by a pancreatic tail mass and which had increased $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Primary radical distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathologic findings revealed an acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. The patient underwent a total gastrectomy three months later because of gastric recurrence. Four months later, multiple hepatic metastases were discovered, and the patient underwent a left hepatectomy. During treatment with capecitabine, there was no evidence of tumor progression for 14 months. We report a case of metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, which did not progress for an extended period while the patient was being treated with capecitabine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2355-2362
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• 2012

The SH2B1 adaptor protein is recruited to multiple ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases that play important role in the physiologic and pathologic features of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess SH2B1 expression and to explore its contribution to the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: SH2B1 expression in 114 primary NSCLC tissue specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patients' outcome. Additionally, 15 paired NSCLC background tissues, 5 NSCLC cell lines and a normal HBE cell line were evaluated for SH2B1 expression by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence being applied for the cell lines. Results: SH2B1 was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. More importantly, high SH2B1 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor size, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence respectively. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high SH2B1 expression had both poorer disease-free survival and overall survival than other patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SH2B1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the SH2B1 protein may contribute to the malignant progression of NSCLC and could offer a novel prognostic indicator for patients with NSCLC.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2000

Background and Objective : Visual evoked potentials(VEPs) is considered to be a reliable diagnostic procedure for examining patients with anterior visual pathways. Some abnormalities in the recordings on monocular stimulation have been said to indicate retrochiasmal lesion, but less consistent results have been reported. This study is to evaluate the positive predictability of VEP for the detection of retrochiasmal lesion. Methods : We reviewed VEPs that could be interpreted as indicative of a retrochiasmal lesions, based on amplitude or latency asymmetry recorded on the left(O1) and right(O2) occipital regions. Bilateral absent VEPs on both recording(O1 and O2) without evidence of prechiasmal lesion were included. During 5 years, we identified 31 patients who met the above criteria and who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of brain(one patient underwent computerized tomography). Twenty three patients underwent pattern reversal VEPs and others underwent flash goggle VEPs. Results : Brain imagings were abnormal in 29 and were normal in 2. Of the 29 abnormal scans, lesions in posterior visual pathway were detected in 21 scans(predictive value=68%). The predictive value was not significantly different between flash goggle VEP(75%) and pattern reversal VEP(68%). The predictive value was higher in patient with visual field defect(100%) than those without visual field defect(25%). The pathologic nature of lesion also showed close relations to the predictive value. VEPs is usually paradoxically lateralized(78%), but not in all patients. Conclusion : VEPs abnormalities suggesting retrochiasmal lesion were usually corresponded with brain MRI findings. Diagnostic reliability could be increased when considering the visual field defect and nature of lesion. Therefore, the authors suggest that VEPs studies could be useful in evaluating the patients with the retrochismal lesion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 1991

Tuberculous tracheobronchitis is defined as a specific inflammation of the trachea or major bronchi caused by the tubercle bacillus and recognized as one of the most common and serious complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. It had been a diagnostic challenge in prebronchoscopic era and since 1968, fiberoptic bronchoscopy has been accepted as a safe and valuable diagnostic procedure of tuberculous tracheobronchitis. Now, it remains a troublesome therapeutic problem due to its sequelae such as bronchostenosis, bronchiectasis and bronchial deformity. The authors analyzed the clinical features, radiological findings and bronchoscopic findings with pathologic and bacteriologic study on 61 cases of tuberculous tracheobronchitis and following results were obtained. 1) The peak incidence was in the fourth decade and male to female ratio was 1:3.4. 2) The most common symptom was cough (86.9%) and followed by sputum (49.2%), dyspnea (27.9%), fever (19.8%), weight loss (11.5%), hemoptysis (6.6%), hoarseness (6.6%) and chest discomfort (3.3%) and localized wheezing was heard in 18%. 3) In chest X-ray, consolidation with collapse was observed in 70.5%, and followed by consolidation only (18.0%), mediastinal node enlargement (8.2%), cavitary lesion (6.6%), suspicious hilar mass (3.3%) and miliary lesion (1.6%) and there was no abnormal findings in 4.9%. 4) Bronchoscopy showed hyperplastic lesion in 67.2%, mucosal lesion (18.0%), ulcerative lesion (9.8%) and stenotic lesion (4.9%). The most common site of bronchial lesion was right upper bronchus (36.1%) and followed by right main bronchus (34.4%), left main bronchus (29.5%), left upper bronchus (16.4%), right middle bronchus (8.2%), right lower bronchus (6.6%) and left lower bronchus (3.3%). 5) Chronic granulomatous inflammation with or without caseation necrosis on microscopic examination was confirmed in 69.7%, bronchial washing AFB stain was positive in 34.1%, prebronchoscopic sputum AFB stain was positive in 88.1% and postbronchoscopic sputum AFB stain was positive in 30.1%.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.186-189
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• 2010

14년 령의 암컷 치와와견이 발작증세 및 좌측으로의 선회운동 증상을 보여 내원하였다. 신경검사결과 좌측 대뇌 병변이 의심되어 자기공명영상 촬영을 실시하여 좌측 비강에서 좌측 대뇌로 파급된 병변을 확인하였다. 영상 분석 상에서 비강 내에서 유래된 2차적인 뇌종양이 강력하게 의심되었다. 환자의 증상은 프레드니솔론과 로무스틴의 혼합치료 후 상당히 개선되었고 진단 후 2개월간 생존하였다. 조직 검사 결과 비강에서 유래한 신경내분비암종으로 확진되었다. 본 증례보고는 개에서 발생한 비강유래 신경내분비암종의 침윤에 의한 2차적인 뇌종양의 임상적인 특징, 영상 진단 결과, 그리고 조직학적인 특성을 잘 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1819-1826
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• 2020

Increasing evidence suggests a potential role of microbial colonization in the inception of chronic airway diseases. However, it is not clear whether the lung and gut microbiome dysbiosis is coincidental or a result of mutual interaction. In this study, we investigated the airway microbiome in interleukin 13 (IL-13)-rich lung environment and related alterations of the gut microbiome. IL-13-overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice presented enhanced eosinophilic inflammatory responses and mucus production, together with airway hyperresponsiveness and subepithelial fibrosis. While bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cecum samples obtained from 10-week-old IL-13 TG mice and their C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) littermates showed no significant differences in alpha diversity of lung and gut microbiome, they presented altered beta diversity in both lung and gut microbiota in the IL-13 TG mice compared to the WT mice. Lung-specific IL-13 overexpression also altered the composition of the gut as well as the lung microbiome. In particular, IL-13 TG mice showed an increased proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria and a decreased amount of Bacteroidetes in the lungs, and depletion of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the gut. The patterns of polymicrobial interaction within the lung microbiota were different between WT and IL-13 TG mice. For instance, in IL-13 TG mice, lung Mesorhizobium significantly affected the alpha diversity of both lung and gut microbiomes. In summary, chronic asthma-like pathologic changes can alter the lung microbiota and affect the gut microbiome. These findings suggest that the lung-gut microbial axis might actually work in asthma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2013

Wegener's granulomatosis is a very rare systemic vasculitis characterized by necrotizing granulomatosis. The detection of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) is a valuable finding in diagnosing Wegener's granulomatosis because ANCA is positive in approximately 90 percent of patients with active, generalized Wegener's granulomatosis. But ANCA is not necessarily positive to make a diagnosis. A 59-year-old man was transferred to our hospital. He was diagnosed with lung abscess and treated with antibiotics at previous hospital. Initially, the ANCA was negative in immunofluorescence assay but we suspected Wegener's granulomatosis because of systemic inflammatory symptoms. Clinical symptoms deteriorated rapidly so we did bronchoscopic biopsy early. Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed according to pathologic finding that reported necrotizing granulomatous inflammation associated with vasculitis. Thus we treated with steroid then clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were improved.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.4-12
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• 1997

목적 : 경피적 신생검에 의해 사구체신염으로 진단된 환자들을 대상으로, 병리조직학적인 분류에 근거하여 사구체신염의 종류와 발생 빈도를 조사하였다. 또한 각 사구체 질환별로 발현된 임상 양상의 형태와 임상 양상의 형태에 따른 사구체신염의 종류와 발생 빈도를 분석하였다. 방법 : 1986년 1월부터 1996년 12월 사이에 인제의대 부산백병원 소아과에 입원하여 신질환이 의심되어 초음파 유도하에 Tru-cut needle을 이용하여 경피적 신생검을 시행한 환자 중 사구체신염으로 진단된 15세 이하의 환자 310례를 대상으로 하였다. 환아들의 임상 양상은 의무기록을 중심으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 대상 환자는 310명 이었고, 나이는 13개월부터 15세사이 였으며, 남녀의 비는 남자 188명, 여자 122명으로 1.54:1 남자에서 발생빈도가 높았다. 2) 전체 사구체신염 환자중 원발성 사구체신염은 217명. 속발성 사구체신염은 93명으로, 원발성 사구체신염이 더 많았으며 2.33 : 1의 비율을 보였다. 이를 빈도순으로 살펴보면 미세변화 신증이 32.6%로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로는 IgA신증 15.8%, 알레르기 자반증성 신염 13.5%, 연쇄상구균 감염후 사구체신염 8.1%의 순이었다. 3)내원 당시에 발현되었던 임상 양상의 형태를 기준으로 하여 5가지의 임상 증후군으로 분류하였을 때, 무증상성 요이상을 동반한 사구체신염이 134례로 43.2%로 가장 많았으며, 신증후군이 127례로 41.0%, 급성 사구체신염이 44례로 14.2%, 만성 사구체신염이 3례로 1.0%, 급속진행성 사구체신염이 2례로 0.6%를 차지하였다. 4) 원발성 사구체신염의 분포를 보면 미세변화 신증이 46.5%로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 IgA신증 22.6%, Thin GBM disease 7.8%, 막증식성 사구체신염 5.5%, 메산지움 증식성 사구체신염과 국소성 분절성 사구체경화증이 각각 4.6%, 막성 신병증 0.9%, 경화성 사구체신염 0.9%. 반월형 사구체신염 0.5%의 순이었고 기타 어느곳에도 분류하지 못하는 경우가 6.0%를 차지하였다. 5) 속발성 사구체신염의 원인 질환으로는 알레르기 자반증성 신염이 45.2%로 가장 많았으며, 연쇄상구균 감염 후 사구체신염이 26.9%, B형 간염 바이러스와 연관된 사구체신염이 17.2%, 낭창성 신염이 6.5% 그리고 기타질환이 4.2%를 차지하였다. 기타 질환에는 Alport증후군 2례, 용혈성 요독 증후군 1례, Fibrillary 신염 1례 였다. 결 론 : 신생검을 시행하는 기관에 따라 신생검의 적응증이 다르며, 병리조직학적 분류 또한 일치되지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 각 기관의 특성에 따라 어떤 특정한 질환의 환자가 상대적으로 많을 가능성이 있으므로 국내에서의 소아 신질환의 발병형태를 보다 체계적으로 조사하고 이를 자료화하기 위해서는 개별 기관들의 연구결과만으로는 미흡하다고 생각되며, 이를 위해서는 전국적인 협동조사가 필요하다고 사료된다.