• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

This study is a report about a specific patient whose primary stomach adenocarcinoma metastasized to uterine cervix adenocarcinoma. A thirty-nine year old female patient was initially diagnosed as having metastatic adenocarcinoma in the supraclavicular lymph node. Upon further examination, she was diagnosed with stomach adenocarcinoma. 8 months later, a cervix punch biopsy was performed. The stains used for examination were H&E stain, PAS stain, Alcian blue stain, Mucicarmine stain, Papanicolaou's (Pap.) stain, and as immunohistochemical stains, cytokeratin 7 and 20 were done. In the H&E stain, the tumor cells showed prominent and eccentric nuclei, thin nuclear membrane in abundant mucous cytoplasm, and cylinder shape. In the PAS stain, intracytoplasmic mucin vacuoles were stained with pink, and in Alcian blue and Mucicarmine stains, intracytoplasmic mucin vacuoles were stained with blue and red. As in the above results, she was diagnosed with undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. As found on the cytologic smear preparation of the uterine cervix stained by Papanicolaou's stains, the background was relatively clear, the number of malignant cells was relatively low, and large and eccentric nuclei in abundant cytoplasm were observed. Upon observing the tissue preparation of the uterine cervix biopsy by H&E stain, a clear background, large and eccentric nuclei, and a signet ring cell types were observed, and the number of malignant cells were fewer than in the primary uterine cervix adenocarcinoma. The vacuoles in cytoplasm were observed. The nuclear membrane and chromatin were thick and very rough, and upon observation by cytokeratin 7 and 20 of immunohistochemical stain, the tumor cells indicated a positive rate of 70% and 20%, respectively. According to these results, also she was diagnosed with metastasized uterine cervix adenocarcinoma. In summary of the results of pathologic findings on stomach biopsy and cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical finding on uterine cervix biopsy, the adenocarcinoma of her uterine cervix could assert the adenocarcinoma of signet ring cell type that was metastasized from the primary undifferentiated adenocarcinoma in stomach.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.631-635
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• 2003

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is a group of lung disease classified by clinical, radiological and pathologic findings. Steroid is described in many reports as an effective treatment for the idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis. For the treatment of steroid non-responders, immuno-suppressive or cytotoxic agents are used as second line drug of choice. We experienced a case of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis who was treated initially with glucocorticoid and antibiotics without effects, but later did respond to cyclosporin treatment. This 63 year-old patient was admitted due to dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. He was started on glucocorticoid and antibiotics after he was diagnosed as having nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis by open lung biopsy. The initial steroid treatment was not effective, however, after cyclosprin treatment, the patient showed clinical and radiologic improvements.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.872-880
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• 1985

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by fatigue and weakness of voluntary muscles. Although the pathogenesis is known as reduction of available acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions by autoimmune attack, the thymic role in myasthenia gravis is still unclear and under investigation. But thymectomy in the management of myasthenia gravis has become increasingly important since the first successful operation with remission of symptoms in 1939 by Blalock. From January 1983 to June 1985, authors performed 17 thymectomies for patients with myasthenia gravis. Among them, 12 patients were free from thymoma [Croup A] and 5 were coupled with thymoma [Group B]. The results were as follows: 1] Sex distribution was 11 females and 6 males. Mean age of the patients was 32.2 year old. Sex and age distribution by the Group A and B are shown Table 1. 2] Clinical manifestations of ocular symptoms were seen in 5 patients [88.2%], extremity weakness in 13 patients, bulbar weakness in 12 patients and dyspnea in 6 patients. According to the Osserman`s classification, 5 patients were in group IIA, 6 in IIB and 6 in IIC. 3] Pre-operatively, all patients were positive response to the anti-cholinesterase test and 12 patients [92.3%] revealed positive findings in electromyography [EMC] which was done in 13 patients. 4] The postoperative complications were respiratory distress in 3 patients, myasthenic crisis in 2 patients and wound disruption in one patients. 5] Pathologic examination of the thymus showed hyperplasia in 10 patients [90%] and thymoma in 5 patients, of which 4 were mixed type with invasion to the adjacent tissues and one lymphocytic type without invasion. Normal thymus was noticed in only 2 patients. 6] In postoperative evaluations, among the 12 patients c free from thymoma [Group A], complete remission of symptoms was noticed in 3 patients and improvement in 7 patients. But among the 5 patients coupled with thymoma [Group B], only one patients showed improvement [Table 8]. Therefore, remission and clinical improvement were noticed in 11 patients [64.7%] of the all and complete remission was noticed in 3 patients [17.6%].

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for field modification during radiotherapy in esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 33 patients that underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Pathologic findings were squamous cell carcinoma in 32 patients and adenocarcinoma in 1 patient. All patients underwent PET/CT scans before and during CRT (after receiving 40 Gy and before a 20 Gy boost dose). Response evaluation was determined by PET/CT using metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total glycolytic activity (TGA), MTV ratio (rMTV) and TGA ratio (rTGA), or determined by CT. rMTV and rTGA were reduction ratio of MTV and TGA between before and during CRT, respectively. Results: Significant decreases in MTV ($MTV_{2.5}$: mean 70.09%, p < 0.001) and TGA ($TGAV_{2.5}$: mean 79.08%, p < 0.001) were found between before and during CRT. Median $rMTV_{2.5}$ was 0.299 (range, 0 to 0.98) and median $rTGAV_{2.5}$ was 0.209 (range, 0 to 0.92). During CRT, PET/CT detected newly developed distant metastasis in 1 patient, and this resulted in a treatment strategy change. At a median 4 months (range, 0 to 12 months) after completion of CRT, 8 patients (24.2%) achieved clinically complete response, 11 (33.3%) partial response, 5 (15.2%) stable disease, and 9 (27.3%) disease progression. $SUV_{max}$ (p = 0.029), $rMTV_{50%}$ (p = 0.016), $rMTV_{75%}$ (p = 0.023) on intra-treatment PET were found to correlate with complete clinical response. Conclusion: PET/CT during CRT can provide additional information useful for radiotherapy planning and offer the potential for tumor response evaluation during CRT. $rMTV_{50%}$ during CRT was found to be a useful predictor of clinical response.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 1995

Teratoma contains elements derived from all three embryonic germ layers and mature teratomas are entirely composed of mature differentiated tissues, while immature types always contain additional embryonic tissues of variable degree of immaturity, especially neuroepithelial elements. Twenty cases of teratoma in infancy and childhood were reviewed and the clinical features and pathologic findings including PCNA expression were studied. Sacrococcygeal teratomas were the most common type(45%), followed by retroperitoneal and ovarian teratomas. There was a predilection of females in a ratio of 4:1 and age distribution was most prevalent below the first year of age(45%). But in ovarian teratomas, the age at diagnosis was above 4 years of age in all cases. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were checked in 18 cases. In all mature teratomas and 1 of 5 immature teratomas, the levels were normal. But in 4 of 5 immature teratomas, the serum levels were elevated and progressively declined to normal range after mass excision. Radiologically, calcifications in tumor were found in 60.0% of teratomas and was higher in mature teratomas(69.2%) than immature teratomas(42.9%). Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was done in 16 cases and PCNA expression was higher in grade III immature teratomas than grade I and II. The operative modes were complete mass excisions. Five immature teratomas were treated with multiagent PEB(Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin) adjuvant chemotherapy, 3 tolerated well without significant complications, but in one case, severe bone marrow suppression was developed and died of sepsis. In conclusion, grade III immature teratoma showed higher PCNA expression than mature or lower grade immature teratoma, which suggests that chemotherapy after surgical excision may be effective modality for grade III immature teratoma. We think, however, multicenter study is necessary because of low incidence of immature teratoma.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2008

Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare tumor that represents 1~2% of all pancreatic cancers. Clinical and radiologic findings are inconclusive in this disease. Acinar cell carcinoma is characterized by rapid progression and early metastasis, which lead to its poor prognosis. A 41-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed a splenic mass, which was being invaded by a pancreatic tail mass and which had increased $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Primary radical distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were performed. Pathologic findings revealed an acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. The patient underwent a total gastrectomy three months later because of gastric recurrence. Four months later, multiple hepatic metastases were discovered, and the patient underwent a left hepatectomy. During treatment with capecitabine, there was no evidence of tumor progression for 14 months. We report a case of metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, which did not progress for an extended period while the patient was being treated with capecitabine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2355-2362
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• 2012

The SH2B1 adaptor protein is recruited to multiple ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases that play important role in the physiologic and pathologic features of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess SH2B1 expression and to explore its contribution to the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: SH2B1 expression in 114 primary NSCLC tissue specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patients' outcome. Additionally, 15 paired NSCLC background tissues, 5 NSCLC cell lines and a normal HBE cell line were evaluated for SH2B1 expression by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, immunofluorescence being applied for the cell lines. Results: SH2B1 was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines. More importantly, high SH2B1 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, tumor size, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence respectively. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high SH2B1 expression had both poorer disease-free survival and overall survival than other patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that SH2B1 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NSCLC. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the SH2B1 protein may contribute to the malignant progression of NSCLC and could offer a novel prognostic indicator for patients with NSCLC.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2000

Background and Objective : Visual evoked potentials(VEPs) is considered to be a reliable diagnostic procedure for examining patients with anterior visual pathways. Some abnormalities in the recordings on monocular stimulation have been said to indicate retrochiasmal lesion, but less consistent results have been reported. This study is to evaluate the positive predictability of VEP for the detection of retrochiasmal lesion. Methods : We reviewed VEPs that could be interpreted as indicative of a retrochiasmal lesions, based on amplitude or latency asymmetry recorded on the left(O1) and right(O2) occipital regions. Bilateral absent VEPs on both recording(O1 and O2) without evidence of prechiasmal lesion were included. During 5 years, we identified 31 patients who met the above criteria and who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of brain(one patient underwent computerized tomography). Twenty three patients underwent pattern reversal VEPs and others underwent flash goggle VEPs. Results : Brain imagings were abnormal in 29 and were normal in 2. Of the 29 abnormal scans, lesions in posterior visual pathway were detected in 21 scans(predictive value=68%). The predictive value was not significantly different between flash goggle VEP(75%) and pattern reversal VEP(68%). The predictive value was higher in patient with visual field defect(100%) than those without visual field defect(25%). The pathologic nature of lesion also showed close relations to the predictive value. VEPs is usually paradoxically lateralized(78%), but not in all patients. Conclusion : VEPs abnormalities suggesting retrochiasmal lesion were usually corresponded with brain MRI findings. Diagnostic reliability could be increased when considering the visual field defect and nature of lesion. Therefore, the authors suggest that VEPs studies could be useful in evaluating the patients with the retrochismal lesion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 1991

Tuberculous tracheobronchitis is defined as a specific inflammation of the trachea or major bronchi caused by the tubercle bacillus and recognized as one of the most common and serious complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. It had been a diagnostic challenge in prebronchoscopic era and since 1968, fiberoptic bronchoscopy has been accepted as a safe and valuable diagnostic procedure of tuberculous tracheobronchitis. Now, it remains a troublesome therapeutic problem due to its sequelae such as bronchostenosis, bronchiectasis and bronchial deformity. The authors analyzed the clinical features, radiological findings and bronchoscopic findings with pathologic and bacteriologic study on 61 cases of tuberculous tracheobronchitis and following results were obtained. 1) The peak incidence was in the fourth decade and male to female ratio was 1:3.4. 2) The most common symptom was cough (86.9%) and followed by sputum (49.2%), dyspnea (27.9%), fever (19.8%), weight loss (11.5%), hemoptysis (6.6%), hoarseness (6.6%) and chest discomfort (3.3%) and localized wheezing was heard in 18%. 3) In chest X-ray, consolidation with collapse was observed in 70.5%, and followed by consolidation only (18.0%), mediastinal node enlargement (8.2%), cavitary lesion (6.6%), suspicious hilar mass (3.3%) and miliary lesion (1.6%) and there was no abnormal findings in 4.9%. 4) Bronchoscopy showed hyperplastic lesion in 67.2%, mucosal lesion (18.0%), ulcerative lesion (9.8%) and stenotic lesion (4.9%). The most common site of bronchial lesion was right upper bronchus (36.1%) and followed by right main bronchus (34.4%), left main bronchus (29.5%), left upper bronchus (16.4%), right middle bronchus (8.2%), right lower bronchus (6.6%) and left lower bronchus (3.3%). 5) Chronic granulomatous inflammation with or without caseation necrosis on microscopic examination was confirmed in 69.7%, bronchial washing AFB stain was positive in 34.1%, prebronchoscopic sputum AFB stain was positive in 88.1% and postbronchoscopic sputum AFB stain was positive in 30.1%.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.186-189
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• 2010

A 14-year-old neutered female Chihuahua was presented because of seizure episodes and circling to the left side. Based on neurological examination, the lesion was localized on left forebrain. The mass in the left nasal cavity and breaching of the nasal septum were seen magnetic resonance images. And there was a presence of contrast enhanced mass involving the rostral left brain. Based on diagnostic image analysis, this lesion strongly suggested secondary brain tumor infiltrated by nasal cavity. The patient's symptoms were well controlled by a combination therapy of prednisolone and lomustine (CCNU), and survived for two months after diagnosis. This case was definitively diagnosed as a nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma based on histopathological findings. This report describes the clinical findings, imaging characteristics, and pathologic features of secondary brain tumor which caused by infiltration of nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma in a dog.