• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to deveop nursing costs and to substantiate the application of appropriate activity-based nursing costs for the current clinical nurse specialists. Method: The study sample was a group of 8 home health care team of the tirtiary Hospital in Korea. The data was collected from September 2003 through December 2004. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS PC 11.0 program and calculated mean and the standard deviation. In Lee(2003)'s nursing activity analysis, nursing activities were classified into two major classification, 19 domains and 70 activities. Each activities was calculated using its work validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and the necessary time. The simple work costs was calculated the work wage per minute and the necessary time. The work load intensity was calculated using the work wage per minute and the necessary time work load intensity/100. Results: In this study, the work wage was 283 won per minute. The work validity ranged from 2.71-4.00. The highest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 12,735won/47,374won for research activity, 10,700won/27,499won for bedsore care, and 9,727won/35,114won for deathbed care. The lowest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 2,123won/2,038won for intramuscular injection, 2,210won/2,166won for hypodermic injection, and 2,210won/1,547won for a application of medicine(or ointment or cream). Conclusions: It revealed that the nursing cost should be considered validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and necessary time. Therefore, It is necessary to calculate nursing cost systematically based on activities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A pivotal role of oxidative stress has been emphasized in the pathogenesis as well as in the disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed at investigating serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and elucidating whether they could be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. MATERIALS/METHODS: Serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin and ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin were measured and compared between 104 patients with idiopathic PD and 52 healthy controls matched for age and gender. In order to examine the relationship between antioxidant vitamins and the disease progression, multiple group comparisons were performed among the early PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I and II, N = 47), advanced PD (stage III and IV, N = 57) and control groups. Separate correlation analyses were performed between the measured antioxidant vitamins and clinical variables, such as Hoehn and Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. RESULTS: Compared to controls, PD patients had lower levels of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes and lycopene. ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene levels were significantly reduced in advanced PD patients relative to early PD patients and were negatively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stage and UPDRS motor score in PD patients. No significant differences were found in serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, and other carotenoids between PD patients and controls. No significant correlations were found between these vitamin levels and clinical variables in PD patients. CONCLUSTIONS: We found that serum levels of some carotenoids, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, were lower in PD patients, and that these carotenoids inversely correlated with clinical variables representing disease progression. Our findings suggest that decreases in serum ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene may be associated with the pathogenesis as well as progression of PD.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.37-50
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• 1996

Nursing Diagnosis has evolved in the guest to define nursing and its functions. But for the application to clinical practice an unified system of terminology that helps nurses to assess selected data and identify potential or actual client problems is required. Consistent terminology that captures the real meanings of the nursing diagnosis makes oral and written communication more accurate and efficient. Therefore,' this study was performed to deliver a Korean-translated version of the nursing diagnoses through the process of content validity tests and translations. Data collection for the first content validity test was done from June 27, 1996 to August 1. 1996. Among 20 questionnaires only 16 were used for analysis. With the results of content validity, the list of 109 nursing diagnoses were reviewed by two linguists, one specialized in Korean and the other in English. To clear confusion on a diagnostic label "Incontinence" a urology specialist was invited for consultation. From this analysis and discussions a total of 98 nursing diagnoses was delivered and quesitons containing 98. 98 diagnoses were mailed to 741 subjects to test content validity from August 13, 1996 to October 7, 1996. Among 741 questionnaires, 343 were used for analysis. Total mean score of the diagnoses was 4.30 on the 5 point likert scale. The diagnoses that acquired less than 3.50 were "High risk for altered body temperature"(3.34), "Ineffective thermoregulation" (3.34), "Perceived cosntipation"(3.24). "Stress incontinence"(3.42), "Ineffective airway clearance"(3. 48), "Altered sexuality patterns"(3.35).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.177-193
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• 1996

For the purpose of integrating nursing diagnosis into the nursing curriculum, a descriptive survey research was done using the inductive method with questionnaires and a literature review. Research subjects included nurse educators, textbooks of adult nursing published in Korea, and the course outline for adult nursing used in one college of nursing. The Results show that there was common agreement on 39 nursing diagnosis which should be in cluded in the adult nursing curriculum, textbooks of adult nursing, and patient care on the medical-surgical units. The two existing nursing diagnosis classification systems(NANDA and Gordon's Human Response Patterns) show different basic frameworks and difficulties were discovered in integration of nursing diagnosis into the curriculum. To develop a conceptual framework for a nursing diagnosis classification system, diagnosis were classified into three categories ; health promotion, high risk problem, and actual problem on the basis of the framework used in adult nursing textbooks and Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns. Subconcepts for actual problems were classified as ; activity and rest, nutrition and elimination, perception and coordination, stress and coping. Progress in this study supports further development of a conceptual framework of nursing based on a nursing diagnosis classification system, from which improvement in nursing education and clinical practice can be expected.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.312-322
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to adjustment of college for nursing students and to develop a collective model for successful prediction and concrete paths of the factors. Methods: Data collection was conducted from May 19th 2010 to Jun 4th 2010. Five hundred thirty-one questionnaires were used for data analysis after distributing 560 sheets to senior students in 8 different locations. Data was analyzed with SPSS 18.0 Win program and AMOS 18.0. Results: Mother attachment does not have a direct effect on adjustment to college life but does effect psychological well-being and coping, which indirect adjustment to college life. In addition, the more psychological well-being and coping usage frequency, and the less stress of clinical practice, the higher score of adjustment to college life. According to the results, explanatory power of the model for the college nursing students' adjustment was 62.0%. Conclusions: To improve adjustment to college life, it is recommended to have a direct method of developing psychological well-being and coping improvement program to improve mother attachment. The research is meaningful in a sense that it explains the cause and effect relationship between adjustment to college life and relevant variables to predict comprehensive dimensional explanation of adjustment of college life for nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.42-55
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• 2009

Purpose: Despite numerous evidence based preventive strategies of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) have been introduced, the incidence rate of VAP continues in an unacceptable range. The purposes of this review were to identify risk factors and diagnosis of VAP and to introduce current evidence based preventive strategies of VAP. Methods: A comprehensive literature search using keywords, including ventilator associated pneumonia were entered into a search engine. A number of highly pertinent papers relevant to the purpose of the review were identified. The papers that discussed specific preventive strategies of VAP were selected for analysis and inclusion in this review. Results: A number of evidence based preventive strategies that nurses can implement in their clinical practice to prevent VAP were identified. Such strategies include hand washing, use of protective gloves and gowns, oral care, stress ulcer prophylaxis, avoidance of unnecessary intubation, weaning protocol, sedation vacation, use of non-invasive ventilation, semi-recumbent position, continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions, and maintenance of proper endotracheal tube cuff pressure. Staff education is essential in preventing VAP. Conclusion: Preventive strategies of VAP should be applied to daily nursing care and each critical nurse should play a functional role in preventing VAP.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.409-419
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• 2019

Purpose: Factors related to the major satisfaction of nursing students were systematically searched and quantitatively synthesized. Methods: Meta-analysis was conducted upon 47 articles in Korean master and doctorate degree dissertations and academic journals. Meta-analysis of major satisfaction-related variables was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) 2.0 program. The effect size of the related variables was analyzed by converting the statistic r value to Fisher's Z. Results: The overall average effect size of major satisfaction was the largest effect size (ES=.49), followed by cognitive factors (ES=.58), affective factors (ES=.45), and psychomotor factors (ES=.31). The cognitive factors were in the order nursing professionalism(ES=.70), nurse's image (ES=.65), and critical thinking disposition (ES=.36). The affective factors were self-esteem (ES=.59), emotional intelligence (ES=.55), career identity (ES=.49), self-efficacy (ES=.48), college adjustment (ES=.45), practice satisfaction (ES=.45), resilience (ES=.42), (ES=.40), grit (ES=.34), and stress (ES=.26). The psychomotor factors were clinical performance ability (ES=.38) and career search behavior (ES=.31). Conclusion: The results of this study are valuable when giving consideration to the variables related to nursing students' major satisfaction, for developing a strategic model to enhance the satisfaction of nursing students.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this was to compare effects of application of the skin stimulation method and topical anesthetic cream on pain, heart rate variability and satisfaction according to nursing intervention methods during arteriovenous fistula puncture in chronic renal failure hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a crossover design. Participants were 36 patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis treatment. Two forms of intervention were applied to participants, and then pain and heart rate variability were measured during the puncture. Results: There were no statistically significant differences according to each treatment in vein pain and artery pain. Also, there were no statistically significant differences according to each treatment in stress index, sympathetic activity (LF), parasympathetic activity (HF) and sympathetic activity/parasympathetic activity (LF/HF ratio). Satisfaction with application of skin stimulation method was statistically higher than that of topical anesthetic cream application. Conclusion: This suggests that application of the skin stimulation method complements disadvantages of topical anesthetic cream application and demonstrates possibility of application as a nursing intervention method which can be conveniently used by nurses in clinical practice.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.25-32
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• 2023

This study was done clarify the concept of clinical nurse's self-efficacy. This study was conducted using Walker & Avant's concept analysis framework, There were five aspects of the concept of Clinical Nurse's Self-Efficacy: To have faith and expectation that nurses can overcome stress and adversity in the clinical environment, To have a clear direction by believing that nurses themselves have the ability to perform nursing tasks, Allowing nurses to continue their work by believing that they have appropriate judgment to control various situations in clinical practice, Having a challenging sense of goal and motivating for the future through active participation in nursing work, and influencing various aspects from individual nurses to patients and hospital organizations. This conceptual analysis of clinical nurses' self-efficacy can recognize the need to prepare an educational system to improve nurses' self-efficacy and conduct related research.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.325-351
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• 2019

The present study examined patterns of co-occurrence between DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) symptoms and posttraumatic growth(PTG) among Korean populations(n= 860). Latent profile analysis was used to identify subclasses and suggested that the 3-class model fit best: (1) Low PTSD/Mild PTG group (2) Low PTSD/High PTG group; (3) High PTSD/High PTG group. Class membership was predicted by demographic variables, social isolation, and frequency of traumatic experiences. Classes also differed with respect to self-destructive behaviors(binge eating, non-suicidal self-injury, and problem drinking). These findings contribute to future research about the coexisting patterns of PTSD and PTG, and to identify high-risk individuals who suffer from trauma-related problems in clinical practice.