• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2018

Heat stroke in a dog is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a high body temperature over $41^{\circ}C$, by the central nervous system dysfunction, and by multiple organ dysfunction. A 11-month-old male American Pit Bull Terrier was presented to clarify the cause of death to diagnostic laboratory. This dog showed clinical signs such as high body temperature ($42^{\circ}C$), severe tachypnea, hematochezia, epistaxis and hemoptysis after transportation at hot summer time. At necropsy, there were hemorrhages in skin, serosa of stomach and small intestine, and also dark red fluid in lumen of intestine. Histopathologic examination revealed extensive hemorrhages in stomach, muscle, skin, and tongue. In microbiology, pathologic bacteria such as Pasteurella, Boedetella, Salmonella, Clostridium, and circulating virus in Korea such as CDV, CIV, CAV, CHV, CCV, CPIV were negative except CPV. There were many gross and microscopic lesions suggesting hest stroke while pathologic agents and related lesions were not detected. Therefore we diagnosed this case as heatstroke.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.851-865
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• 2018

This study investigated the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in slaughterhouses, and determined serovars and genotypes, and antibiotic resistance of the isolates obtained from slaughterhouses and humans in Korea. Two hundred ninety samples were collected from feces (n=136), carcasses [n=140 (cattle: n=61, swine: n=79)], and washing water (n=14) in nine slaughterhouses. Eleven human isolates were obtained from hospitals and the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Listeria monocytogenes was enriched and identified, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Serovars and presence of virulence genes were determined, and genetic correlations among the isolates were evaluated by the restriction digest patterns of AscI. Antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes isolates were examined against 12 different antibiotics. Of 290 slaughterhouse samples, 15 (5.17%) carcass samples were L. monocytogenes positive. Most L. monocytogenes isolates possessed all the virulence genes, while polymorphisms in the actA gene were found between carcass and human isolates. Serovars 1/2a (33.3%) and 1/2b (46.7%) were the most frequent in carcass isolates. Genetic correlations among the isolates from carcass and clinical isolates were grouped within serotypes, but there were low geographical correlations. Most L. monocytogenes isolates were antibiotic resistant, and some strains showed resistance to more than four antibiotics. These results indicate that L. monocytogenes are isolated from carcass and human in Korea, and they showed high risk serotypes and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, intensive attentions are necessary to be aware for the risk of L. monocytogenes in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2002

Mice immunized with equine herpesvirus type-1(EHV-1) L-particles skewed a significant increase (p<7.75) in serum antibody titers. Upon a booster dose four weeks lateral antibody titers increased significantly. Interestingly, immunization via intravenous or intramuscular route induced significantly higher (p<0.75) antibody titers. However, mice iummunized with UV-treated L-particles, visions or immunization via intranasal route induced lower antibody titers. Upon challenge inoculation with wildtype EHV-1, our data showed there was a poor correlation between antibody titers and protection against virus replication. Therefore, the role of cell-mediated immunity Inwards protection was investigated. As predicted, the strongest cell-mediated immunity, as measured by delayed-hypersensitivity test, was detected in mice immunized with live virus particles. The magnitude of cell-mediated immune response correlated with the efficacy of L-particles as immunizing agent. The highest efficacy, as indicated in mice immunized via intranasal routed was highly correlated with cell-mediated immunity. A similar phenomenon was also demonstrated in mice immunized intranasally with UV-treated L-particles. However, the degree of protection was reduced when mice immunized intravenously or intramuscularly with UV-treated L-particles. In conclusion, protection conferred in these animals was highly implicated by immune cells and the least by antibodies. The route of immunization and the nature of the antigen also contributed to the efficacy of L-particles as immunizing agent. In contrast to that of herpes simplex virus type 1, our data showed EHV-1 non-infectious L-particles are highly suitable for immunization of the host against EHV-1 disease.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.669-675
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• 2007

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nano powders were synthesized using the microwave-assisted synthesis process dependent on pH and microwave irradiation time. The average size of a powder was less than 100 nm in diameter. Through in-vitro cytotoxicity tests by an extract dilution method, the HAp and BCP nano powders have shown to be cytocompatible for L-929 fibroblast cells, osteoblastlike MG-63 cells and osteoclast-like Raw 264.7 cells. The activation of osteoblast was estimated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When the HAp and BCP were treated to MG-63 cells, alkaline phosphatase activities increased on day 3, compared with those of the untreated cells. Also, the collagen fibers increased when the HAp and BCP powders suspension were treated to MG-63 cells, compared to those of the untreated cells. Quantitative alizarin red S mineralization assays showed a trend toward increasing mineralization in osteoblast cultured with powder suspension. In conclusion, hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate appeared to be a bone graft substitute material with optimal biocompatibility and could be further applied to clinical use as an artificial bone graft substitute.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 1992

Hydrogel coated ring shaped ocular inserts (containing the antibiotic, tylosin tartrate) were used in an evaluation of the effectiveness of polymeric ocular drug release devices for treating infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. The in vivo experiments represent the first experiments using hydrogel ocular inserts containing an antibiotic for treating infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. In the infection tests, ten calves. were challenged with $2.4{\times}10^8{\sim}1.6{\times}10^9$ Moraxella bovis (a bacterium) colonies per eye following two ten minute ultraviolet radiation eye preconditioning exposures. Ninety five percent of the eyes (19 of 20 eyes) were successfully infected by this method. All infected eyes were monitored for the presence of the bacteria quantitiatively, and clinical observations were made for 14 days. The test was performed by three consecutive steps: 1) inoculation with 2 ultraviolet (UV) radiations, 2) growth of bacterial colonies and 3) treatment with medicated ring-shaped devices. The first. bacteriological measurements after 2 UV exposures were performed at day 3 of the tests. At day 7 after inoculation of both eyes of a calf with M. bovis, a medicated or a non-medicated ring-shaped device was inserted into each eye of a calf. The eye receiving the non-medicated ring was taken as a control for comparison with the eye that received a medicated ring. During the next 7 day period following a medicated ring insertion, the number of bacteria in the treated eyes dropped dramatically to negligible levels (0 to 30 colony forming units/swab), while the control eyes which received a non-medicated ring still exhibited a relatively high number of bacteria ($10^3\;to\;10^6$ colony forming units/swab). The number of bacteria was significantly reduced by the antibiotic released from the medicated ocular insert.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2015

Purpose: We investigated the molecular types of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) by using conventional phylogrouping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and fimH genotyping. Methods: Samples of patients younger than 18 years of age were collected from the Chung-Ang University Hospital over 2 years. Conventional phylogenetic grouping for UPEC strains was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacterial strain sequence types (STs) were classified on the basis of the results of partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes. In addition, we analyzed nucleotide variations in a 424-base pair fragment of fimH, a major virulence factor in UPEC. Results: Sixty-four UPEC isolates were analyzed in this study. Phylogenetic grouping revealed that group B2 was the most common type (n=54, 84%). We identified 16 distinctive STs using MLST. The most common STs were ST95 (35.9%), ST73 (15.6%), ST131 (12.5%), ST69 (7.8%), and ST14 (6.3%). Fourteen fimH allele types were identified, of which 11 had been previously reported, and the remaining three were identified in this study. f1 (n=28, 45.2%) was found to be the most common allele type, followed by f6 and f9 (n=7, 11.3% each). Comparative analysis of the results from the three different molecular typing techniques revealed that both MLST and fimH typing generated more discriminatory UPEC types than did PCR-based phylogrouping. Conclusion: We characterized UPEC molecular types isolated from Korean children by MLST and fimH genotyping. fimH genotyping might serve as a useful molecular test for large epidemiologic studies of UPEC isolates.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean peptide on muscle damage index and hormone (testosterone and cortisol) concentration. Subjects of this study were 23 high school male taekwondo players who had participated in regular exercise. They were randomly divided into two groups, one group took soybean peptide (S-peptide, n=13) 4 g a day for 4 weeks and the other took placebo (placebo, n=10) for the same time. We obtained blood samples before and after experiment and analyzed for CPK (Creatine phosphokinase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), ALD (Aldolase), myoglobin, testosterone and cortisol. As for body composition, there was no significant difference in weight, body fat rate and LBM (lean body mass) between the S-peptide and the S-peptide group and placebo group. In CPK, LDH, ALD and myoglobin, S-peptide group was significantly lower than the placebo group and showed significant decrease before and after intaking soybean peptide (P<0.05~0.01). In the concentration of plasma testosterone, S-peptide group was increased from two weeks but not significant difference. The concentration of plasma cortisol showed significantly decrease in the S-peptide (P<0.01). These results indicate that the intake of soybean peptide have positive effect on index of muscle damage and changes of hormone concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1581-1586
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of two types of housing systems and early age feed restriction on stress and fear reactions, and performance in broiler chickens raised in a hot, humid tropical climate. On day 1, chicks were housed either in windowless environmentally controlled chambers (temperature was set at 32$^{\circ}C$ on day 1 and gradually reduced to 23$^{\circ}C$ by day 21) or in conventional open-sided houses (OH) with cyclic temperatures (minimum, 24$^{\circ}C$; maximum, 34$^{\circ}C$). An equal number of chicks from each housing system was subjected to either ad libitum feeding (AL) or 60% feed restriction on day 4, 5 and 6 (FR). The CH birds showed greater weight gain, higher feed consumption and better feed conversion ratios (FCR) than their OH counterparts. Feeding regimen had negligible effect on overall performance. Neither housing nor feeding regimen had a significant (p<0.05) effect on mortality rate. Although the CH birds were less stressed, as measured by plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), than those of OH, the former showed longer TI duration suggesting higher magnitude of underlying fearfulness. A significant (p<0.05) effect of housing on heterophil/lymphocyte ratios was only noted among the AL birds where the CH birds had higher values than OH. Collectively, these results suggest that although OH birds had poorer performance and higher level of stress than CH, the former were less fearful. Although FR had negligible effect on growth performance, the regimen alleviated both stress and fear reactions in broilers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2639-2642
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• 2012

Background: The patterns of gastric cancer recurrence vary across societies. We designed the current study in an attempt to evaluate and reveal the outbreak of the recurrence patterns of gastric cancer and also prediction of time to recurrence and its effected factors in Iran. Materials and Methods: This research was performed from March 2003 to February 2007. Demographic characteristics, clinical and pathological diagnosis and classification including pathologic stage, tumor grade, tumor site and tumor size in of patients with GC recurrent were collected from patients' data files. To evaluate of factors affected on the relapse of the GC patients, gender, age at diagnosis, treatment type and Hgb were included in the research. Data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and logistic regression models. Results: After treatment, 82 patients suffered recurrence, 42, 33 and 17 by the ends of first, second and third years. The mean ( SD) and median ( IQR) time to recurrence in patients with GC were 25.5 (20.6-30.1) and 21.5 (15.6-27.1) months, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis logistic regression showed that only pathologic stage, tumor grade and tumor site significantly affected the recurrence. Conclusions: We found that pathologic stage, tumor grade and tumor site significantly affect on the recurrence of GC which has a high positive prognostic value and might be functional for better follow-up and selecting the patients at risk. We also showed time to recurrence to be an important factor for follow-up of patients.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Penicillium purpurogenum ED76 on several clinically important microorganisms. The endophytic fungus P. purpurogenum ED76 was previously isolated from Swietenia macrophylla leaf. The antimicrobial efficacy of P. purpurogenum ED76 dichloromethane extract was determined via disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay. A kill curve study was conducted and the morphology of extract treated bacterial cells were viewed under scanning electron microscope. The dichloromethane extract showed significant inhibitory activity on 4 test bacteria and 2 test yeasts. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract ranged from 125 to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$, which indicates the different susceptibility levels of the test microorganisms to the fungal extract. The kill curve study has revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition for all test microorganisms. With the increase of the extract concentration, the microbial growth was significantly reduced. The scanning electron micrograph of dichloromethane extract-treated Staphylococcus aureus cells showed the total damage of the cells. The cell wall invagination of the bacterial cells also indicates the loss of cellular materials and metabolic activity. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the extract also showed that the major compound was stigmasterol, which constitutes 45.30% of the total area. The dichloromethane extract of P. purpurogenum ED76 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on several clinically important bacteria and yeasts. The study proposed a possible mode of action that the extract cause significant damage to the morphology of S. aureus cells.