• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.51-56
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• 2007

The two species of rice bugs causing pecky rice, Cletus punctiger and Cletus schmidti are often observed coexisting in the rice fields of nearby fallow land. Direct feeding damage to rice by C. punctiger and C. schmidti can lead to a reduction in grain quality and quantity. These studies were carried out to investigate the development of C. punctiger and C. schmidti at various constant temperatures ranging from 20 to $30^{\circ}C$, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 16L:8D. Egg hatchability of C. punctiger/C. schmidti at the temperatures of 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ were 80.6/88.0, 91.7/96.3, 96.4/96.2%, respectively. The development periods of eggs of C. punctiger/C. schmidti at the temperatures of 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ were 16.4/18.4, 9.4/10.2 and 6.4/7.3 days, respectively. Mean developmental periods of 1 st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th nymphs of C. punctiger/c. schmidti at $30^{\circ}C$ were 2.1/2.0, 3.5/4.0, 3.3/5.6, 3.2/4.8 and 5.8/6.9 days, respectively. Oviposition began 8.1 days after emergence at $25^{\circ}C$, and the longevity of female and male were 120.0 and 117.3 days, respectively. Total number of eggs through the life of female were 245.5 laying 2.2 eggs a day in average at $25^{\circ}C$. The development periods of egg and nymphs of C. punctiger were relatively shorter than those of C. schmidti. Availability of male had affected the egg hatchability greatly that laid at 30th day after 60 days period of oviposition in the presence of adult male of C. punctiger. The fertile eggs laid by the female together with male was 92.1% but those without male was only 9.6%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1992

The study was conducted to investigate the community structure of superfamily Coreoidea (Geocorisae: Hemiptera) in Mt. Kyeryongsan from August, 1989 to August, 1990. The collected coreoid insects were composed of 17 species, 13 genera, and 2 families. Percentages of coreoid insects found in each observed zone were 47.4% (13 species) in the paddy bank, 37.4 % (13 species) in the weedy field and 15.2% (11 species) in the shrubs. Dominant species and Simpson's dominance indices were Riptortus clavatusa and Stictopleurus crassicornis ($\lambda$=0.128) in the paddy field, Cletus schmidti and Homoeocerus dilatatus ($\lambda$=0.141) in the weedy field, Riptortus clavatus and Homoeocerus dilatatus ($\lambda$=0.199) in the shrubs. Seasonal dominant species were Cletus trigon us and Rhopalus maculatus ($\lambda$=0.149) in Spring, Cletus schmidti and Homoeocerus dilatatus ($\lambda$=0.132) in Summer, and Riptortus clavatus and Cletus schmidti ($\lambda$=0. 386) in Autumn. Species diversity indices(H') in the paddy bank, weedy field, and shrubs were 0.931, 0.916, and 0.810, respectively. Eveness indices(J') were 0.836, 0.800, and 0.778, respectively. Community structures were almost similar between the paddy bank and the weedy field.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2007

Stink bug species and host plants occurred in fallow lands for rice product regulation were studied in Honam area from 2004 to 2005. A total of 26 bug species in 8 families were surveyed in the fallow lands. Population density of Cletus punctiger adult reached its peak in July and was higher in fallow lands close to mountain area in Muan. Population density of stink bug species occurred in plain area of Wanju were significantly low in 2004 and population density of C. punctiger adult reached its peak in July and August in fallow lands in 2005. Five species of stink bug including C. punctiger immigrated from fallow lands to rice fields in August, and three other species including Cletus schmidti in September. Eight stink bug species which were observed to feed on weeds in fallow lands were C. punctiger, C. schmidti, Eurydema gebleri, Pachygrontha antennata, Trigonotylus caelestialium, Aelia fieberi, Eysarcoris aeneus, and Nezara antennata.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.712-723
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• 2016

This paper is to suggest the methods about the environmental risk assessment (ERA) based on non-target insect species for LM rice crop produced by biotechnology. We used some data by the picture dictionary of agricultural pests in Korea, some books for ERA or rice pest ecology, articles about rice ecology, and internet sites and many specialists gave us good advice for this ERA system. We found about 140 insect species using rice crop as their habitat and we discriminated herbivores into Sap feeder, Grain feeder, Defoliator, and Pollen feeder according to their food functional group. We also clarified the potential damage possibility of insect species from LM rice crop. Then, we ranked 10 non-target insect species (Baliothrips biformis, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Mythimna separata, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cletus schmidti Kiritshenko, Scotinophara lurida, Nilaparvata bakeri, Oxya chinensis, Agromyza oryzae) with giving some scores using Geographic distribution, Habitat specialization, Prevalence on crop, Abundance. We showed some environmental risk hypotheses about herbivore, predator, and parasitoid, and infered the impacts of non-target species on LM rice crop. Conclusively, we want to serve this methodology to build the biosafety system from biotechnology crops, and the methodology is to keep public health, sustain the biodiversity, and conserve the natural ecosystems.