• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

Korean Cleft Lip and Palate Association (KCLPA) was founded in 1996. The first overseas charity operation was in Karachi, Pakistan, 2002 and our association has visited fourteen times in six countries for the free cleft surgery: Pakistan, Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Jordan and Vietnam. The cumulated number of operated patients reaches to 280. Before our association, many Korean oral and maxillofacial surgeons have performed charity operations individually since 1964. It was started from Vietnam but the activity is now carried on in Africa, middle-east Asia, south-east Asia, China, and Korea as an official team. LG electronics, a Korean company helped to propagate our team's activity to middle-east Asia to Africa. This paper is a report concerning about the results of our association's charity activities especially in Kenya, east Africa. We provided free cleft surgery for 30 patients in 2004 and 27 patients in 2005, in Nairobi. As the blood test for HIV of the cleft patients was not allowed before and during surgery, our surgeons and nurses were cautious about every movement during the surgeries. Thus the operation time for each patient was longer than any other time. The attitude of the local hospital and the doctors seemed to be accustomed to this situation. They helped us in case of needle injuries. Safety of medical staff and patients is more important than the number of the patients operated in charity operation. This belief should be approached being parallel and multidisciplinary as an international cooperation, focusing on international funding for medical support and continuous education for local doctors who are willing to devote to their people.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-56
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• 2007

The bilateral cleft lip, a more severe form of clefting than unilateral cleft lip, involves separation of the lip along philtral lines, isolating the central segment (prolabium). Bilateral cleft lip may be either symmetrical or asymmetrical, in which case the cleft lip is split more on one side than on the other. The cleft affects the obvious facial form as an anatomic deformity and has functional consequences, affecting the child's ability to eat, speak, hear, and breathe. Although there would seem to be quite a variance in reported figures, ratios of cleft lip with or without cleft palate have gone as high as 1:500 and as low as 1:1000. It is known that less than 10% of cleft lips are bilateral. Although bilateral cleft lip is less common than unilateral cleft lip, the deformity is more severe, and the reconstructive technique is more complex. Surgery is the only treatment necessary for patients with bilateral cleft lip. Accompanying the evolution of surgical repair is the increasingly important role of orthodontic support with early presurgical alveolar and nasal molding. Repositioning the maxillary and alveolar segments into a more anatomic position allows the surgeon to repair the lip and associated nasal deformity under more optimal conditions. The purpose of this article is to review the related anatomy, presurgical management, and surgical management of bilateral cleft lip.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.529-545
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• 1996

In order to find the distribution, causes and treatments of cleft lip and/or palate, I analyzed 113 patients of cleft lip and/or palate who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, KOREA from September 1984 to August 1995. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In total 113 patients of cleft lip and/or palate, male patients were 63 cases (56%) and female patients were 50 cases (44%). 2. In distribution of cleft lip and/or palate, cleft lip patients were 30 cases (27%), cleft palate patient were 23 cases (20%) and cleft lip and palate patients were 60 cases (53%). 3. Unilateral cleft lip patients (78 cases: 87%) were larger than bilateral cleft lip. In unilateral cleft lip patients, lip side cleft lip patients (45 cases: 50%) were larger than right side cleft lip patients (33 cases: 37%). 4. Possible causes of cleft lip and/or palate were related with familial tendency, drug intoxication, malnutrition, old maternal age, stress and hypoxia during 4-8 weeks of pregnancy period. 5. The favorite treated method of cleft lip was Millard rotation-advancement method. Probably the most popular operated period was 3 months. 6. The useful operating technique of cleft palate was Wardill V-Y flap method. The most popular period has been 18 to 24 months. 7. In 11 patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency, hypernasality decreased by superior based pharyngeal flap pharyngoplasty. 8. Cleft alveolus was treated with autogenous and allogeneic bone graft. The most appropriate operation period was 9 to 11 years.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.295-309
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• 2006

The present study was aimed to evaluate the incidence, etiological factors, and management of cleft lip and palate. Two hundred and twenty patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate who were treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, during the period between January 1994 and December 2003 were reviewed. The ratios of cleft lip : cleft lip with cleft palate : and cleft palate were 0.4:1.1:1. Males were more common than females in cleft lip (1.3:1) and cleft lip and palate (2.5:1), while females were more common than males in cleft palate (1:1.3). In the cleft side, left clefts were more prevalent than right clefts (cleft lip 1.3:1, cleft lip and palate 1.6:1). Unilateral clefts were more common than bilateral clefts in cleft lip (79:21). Cleft lip and cleft palate were more common in those with blood type A (34.5%) than those with other types. There was no significant relationship between birth season and frequency of clefts. The clefts were common in the first-born (48.8%), and in mothers aged between 25 and 29 (51.7%). Medication (24.7%) and stress (16.7%) during the first trimester were noted. Positive familial history was noted in 13 cases (5.9%). Thirty-two cases (15%) were associated with other congenital anomalies, in which tonguetie (40.6%) and congenital heart disease (21.9%) were most common. Among 100 patients with cleft palate, 77 patients had middle ear disease (77%), which occurred predominently in the incomplete cleft palate. Seventy-six among the 77 patients received myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion, and the remaining one received antibiotic medication only. Cleft lips were treated primarily at 3 to 6 months, and cleft palates were at 1 to 2 years. Treatment regimens included modified Millard method mainly in the cleft lip, and Wardill V-Y, Dorrance method, and Furlow method in the cleft palate. The percentage of palatal lengthening as type of cleft palate was greater in the incomplete cleft palate group (11.2%) than in the complete cleft palate group (9.6%). The percentage of palatal lengthening as operating method was no difference between the Furlow method (10.9%) and the push back method (10.7%). As postoperative complications, hypertrophic scar was most frequent in the cleft lip, and oronasal fistula in the cleft palate. In summary, it was shown that medication and stress during the first trimester of pregnancy were frequently associated with cleft lip and cleft palate, adequate timing and selection of method of operation are important factors to obtain morphologically and functionally good results. Furthermore prevention and treatment of middle ear disease are important in cleft palate patients because of its high co-occurrence.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.630-634
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• 2021

To date, there have been no reports of patients showing a Tessier number 7 cleft with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Furthermore, no studies have established the sequence, plan, or timing of surgical methods for treating patients presenting the above anomalies simultaneously. We report a case of a Tessier number 7 cleft with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Two months after birth, lip adhesion was performed on the unilateral complete cleft lip and total excision was performed on the skin tag. At 4 months of age, Tessier number 7 cleft was corrected. At 6 months of age, surgery involving two small triangular flaps was performed on the unilateral incomplete cleft lip after performing lip adhesion. At 13 months of age, two-flap palatoplasty with a vomer flap was performed on the complete cleft palate. At 6 years of age, open rhinoplasty was performed on the unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. At 9 years of age, bone grafting was performed for the alveolar cleft. At follow-up appointments up to 13 years of age, there were no major complications. Here, we present this patient, surgical procedures and timelines, and show our results demonstrating good postoperative outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2003

A cephalometric study was performed to reveal differences between skeletal Class III malocclusion patients and cleft lip and palate patients, The material for this study consisted of 16 males (mean age 19.8, range 17-29) and 9 females(mean age 19.4, range 16-27) with cleft lip and palate, and 222 Skeletal Class III malocclusion patients(males 106, females 116), Cephalometric tracing and measurements were done by one investigator. Results were followed: 1. Cleft lip and palate group had more retrusive maxilla than the skeletal Class III malocclusion group. 2, Cleft lip and palate group had smaller effective maxillary and mandibular length than skeletal Class III malocclusion group, and the difference was more prominent in the mandible than in the maxilla. 3. Dental compensation was not observed in the upper incisors of cleft lip and palate group and in the lower incisors it was smaller than skeletal Class III group. 4, In the Gonial angle and lower anterior facial height values, there was no significant difference between cleft lip and palate and skeletal Class III malocclusion group. These results can be used in orthodontic treatment planning and orthognathic surgery for the cleft lip and palate patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.263-266
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• 2020

Infantile hemangiomas have a growth phase and an involution phase. For this reason, serial observation has generally been recommended as the treatment for uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas. Recently, however, individualized approaches have been emphasized. Although cleft lip and infantile hemangioma are common congenital diseases, infantile hemangiomas on the cleft side (i.e., in the operative field of the cleft lip) are extremely rare, and no clear guidelines have been established for their treatment. We experienced a case in which a patient with a cleft lip had an infantile hemangioma on the cleft side. In accordance with general treatment guidelines, cleft repair was performed 3 months after birth. The Millard rotation-advancement technique, which involves the use of a lower small triangular flap, was used for the repair. No intraoperative complications, such as massive bleeding, or postoperative complications were noted. The patient has received regular follow-up for the past 18 years, and other than a reddish scar on the lower lip, he currently has no related issues. Therefore, this case demonstrates that cleft lip repair performed according to cleft lip treatment guidelines produces good outcomes, even in cases involving a hemangioma on the cleft side.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Cleft lip and palate is a congenital deformity which needs a professional and consistent management from the birth and along with the physical growth of patients. The patients with cleft lip and palate can have general speech problems with resonance disorders, voice disorders and articulation disorders after the successful primary surgical management and the physical growth. Speech problems of Cleft lip and palate are characterized hypernasality, nasal air emission, increased nasal air flow, and aberrant speech marks which decrease intelligibility. These speech problems of cleft lip and palate can be treated with the secondary surgical procedure, the application of temporary prosthesis and the effective and well-timed speech therapy. The speech and language problems of cleft lip and palate, the general procedures and schedules of the speech assessment and therapy based on the multidisciplinary approach are introduced for the patients with cleft lip and palate, their family and the other members of the cleft palate treatment team.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Vomer flap is used to repair anterior hard palate in complete cleft lip and palate patients. As the midline structure located in between the two cleft segments of hard palate, the vomer flap is very useful because of its vicinity to cleft site and their ease of execution when it is done with primary cheiloplasty simultaneously. In addition, the quality of tissue is very similar to that of the nasal mucosa with good vascularity. In cases of simultaneous repair of cleft lip with anterior palate using vomer flap, the hard palate can be repaired at the same time with primary cheiloplasty which is earlier period than other techniques. With simultaneous close of cleft lip and cleft hard palate by vomer flap, subsequent palatoplasty does not require wide dissection, and consequently chance of oronasal fistula formation will be minimized. Additionally, surgical time will be reduced and, the harmful effects on mid-facial growth will be diminished. In this article, we will introduce the comprehensive vomer flap technique with primary lip closure and review the comparative studies of the outcome of simultaneous repair of cleft lip and cleft hard palate with vomer flap.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.385-388
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• 2005

In cleft lip and/or palate patients with the complex congenital heart diseases, surgical repair of the cleft lip and/or palate has been postponed after the open heart surgery because the heart problem of the patient might cause more complications associated with anesthesia and surgery. There has been little report about experiences in the surgical management of these patients and optimal time of surgical intervention. Authors are introducing the experiences of performing corrective surgery of cleft lip and/or palate in the patients with congenital heart diseases before and after the open heart surgery. We managed five patients from May 1992 to March 2004. Two patients were male and the rest were female. One of them had cleft lip alone and others had cleft lip and palate. Two of them underwent delayed cleft lip and/or palate surgery after open heart surgery, and the rest had immediate intervention for cleft lip and/or palate. There was no complication during the operation and postoperative period. There would be no need to delay the corrective surgery of the cleft lip and/or palate after the open heart surgery, if solid medical team approach was available with the pediatric cardiologist and the anesthesiologist.