• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 1997

The purposes of this paper are to classify the spatial distribution types of precipitation by making daily isohyetal maps based on the winter daily precipitation and to analyse both the distributional characteristics of precipitation during the winter in South Korea and the synoptic characteristics related to them. Also, the correspondence between the spatial distribution types of precipitation and the synoptic characteristics occuring among them is examined with regards to pressure patterns and then precipitation distribution types. In addition, the characteristics of the pressure fields and temperature fields in 850hPa, 700hPa, and 500hPa level were analysed to find out the difference between the Ullung-do type and the Ullung-do${\cdot}$Honam type, which have similar characteristics on the surface weather map. As a result, the Ullung-do area showed a high frequency of occurrence regardless of precipitation classes, the East Coast area revealed a higher frequency of occurrence in over the 5mm section, while the Honam area had high frequency of occurrence in the 1~5mm section. There are twelve distribution types of precipitation during the winter. These distribution types show clear changes according to the season. The difference in precipitation distribution between the Ullung-do type and the Ullung-do${\cdot}$Honam type has a close relationship with the aspect of the upper cold air advection rather than the direction and the speed of the wind.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2009

We report an implementation of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey at a site that corresponds to a ruined castle. The objective of the survey was to characterise buried archaeological structures such as walls and tiles in Van Khan Tooril's Ruin, Mongolia, by 2D and 3D GPR techniques. GPR datasets were acquired in an area 10mby 9 m, with 10 cm line spacing. Two datasets were collected, using GPR with 500MHz and 800MHz frequency antennas. In this paper, we report the use of instantaneous parameters to detect archaeological targets such as tile, brick, and masonry by polarimetric GPR. Radar polarimetry is an advanced technology for extraction of target scattering characteristics. It gives us much more information about the size, shape, orientation, and surface condition of radar targets. We focused our interpretation on the strongest reflections. The image is enhanced by the use of instantaneous parameters. Judging by the shape and the width of the reflections, it is clear that moderate to high intensity response in instantaneous amplitude corresponds to brick and tiles. The instantaneous phase map gave information about the location of the targets, which appeared as discontinuities in the signal. In order to increase our ability to interpret these archaeological targets, we compared the GPR datasets acquired in two orthogonal survey directions. A good correlation is observed for the alignments of reflections when we compare the two datasets. However, more reflections appear in the north-south survey direction than in the west-east direction. This is due to the electric field orientation, which is in the horizontal plane for north-south survey directions and the horizontally polarised component of the backscattered high energy is recorded.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

This research concerns with the urbanization in Pusan City, the largest port city of Korea focus on the changes of traffic volume from 1970 to 1994. These results are as follow: (1) Urbanization of Pusan City has progressed with increasing the efficiencies of streets. At the first, it's ribbon developed along the main artery toward inland. Urbanization is the process of bear a resemblance to characteristics of CBD. It has both expansion and diffusion processed, simultaneously. Urbanization has progressed centered certain nuclei and developed with more varieties are ally and temporally. (2) Traffic volumes according to times which go and return to piers affected to the traffic pattern of the some parts within the city, it is one of characteristics in port city. Variation of traffic volumes according to times much greater at the nearer streets the piers and connected street with it than the rest of the areas within the city. Rivers and mountains affecting to the traffic pattern and play roles of diffusion barriers for urbanization. (3) In the mid-1980, regions which locate along the main arteries had reached to as same level of urbanization as central part of the city. And higher ranked central places within Pusan City developed toward pattern of CBD in the past. It suggests that these central places revoluted to the recreation of CBD function in the past. (4) Urbanization has developed as same as cell differentiation in process, and it encouraged the more greater variation among the regions and become clear the hierarchy of central places within the city.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.107-119
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• 2017

Advertising and PR industries recently face a new challenge due to the growth of new digital content market and the change of paradigm. In the market of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and digital contents, a stereographic content related to the technology such as VR (Virtual Reality) is one of the fast-growing fields. However, it is hard to find the clear answer for AD/PR strategies in the rapidly changing VR contents market. Therefore, this study analyzed VR industry at the macro level using in-depth interviews with eleven VR experts leading Korean VR contents industry by looking at P(Political), E(Economic), S(social), and T(Technological) of VR advertisement and PR industries. Moreover, the feasibility of VR contents in Advertising and PR industries was examined through S(Strengths), W(Weakness), O(Opportunities), and T(Threats) analysis in VR industry. Research result showed that it is necessary for vitalizing VR in AD/PR industries to promote killer contents, to solve problems of inconvenience according to users' needs, to improve awareness of customers and industries. Moreover, constant VR vitalizing policies in AD/PR should be processed as well as constructing medium-and long-term VR road-map. Thus, this study provides the direction of VR content strategy in Advertising and PR industries and the research foundation for further researches regarding future VR activation.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 1995

Protein B23 is one of the major nucleolar phosphoproteins associated with pre-ribosomal particles, and is localized in the granular region of the nucleolus. Recent studies suggest that protein B23 shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm and also interacts with HIV Rev. These findings indicate that protein B23 is important in nucleocytoplasmic relationship and viral replication. However, the exact function of protein B23 is not clear yet. In acute nucleolar hypertrophy of rat liver, treated with thioacetamide, there was observed an increase of not only protein B23 but also B23-like protein p45 when anti-B23 monoclonal antibody (MAb) was used for identification. On the basis of the large B23 specific epitope structure composed of 68 amino acids, a hypothesis was formulated to examine that p45 is the pre-B23 resulting from excessive production of B23. In an attempt to investigate the precursor of B23, we analyzed the subcellular fractions and microsomal subfractions. Subsequently, we analyzed the finger printings of B23-like proteins using the tryptic peptide mapping. The results are summarized: 1) Using B23 MAb, we observed the presence of B23-like proteins in nucleolar fraction, nucleoplasmic fraction and microsomal fraction. 2) In the further microsomal subfractionation, we could partially purify B23-like protein in 2M layer of sucrose gradient. 3) When ion exchange chromatography was employed, there were protein species 80kDa(p80), 65kDa(p65) and 60kDa(p60). 4) Based on the tryptic map analysis of $^{125}I$ labeled proteins, the similarity between B23 and p80 was found only in 9 out of 14(B23) and 21(p80) peptides, and difference was found in the remaining peptides. p80 and p60 had 18 common peptides, and all the peptides of p60 were similar to those of p80. From these results, it is proposed that p45 is an abnormal metabolite resulting from carcinogenesis by thioacetamide, and it is not the precursor of B23. In addition, we suggest that p80 may be a precursor of p45.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.474-484
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• 2019

In this age, where the social environment is changing rapidly and unpredictably, interest in safety from crime is increasing in Korean society. As the desire to live a life free from the fear of crime increases, interest in the construction of safe cities is also rising nationwide. To meet the national demand, the Korean government is promoting a project to link public disaster safety systems by involving municipalities, 112, 119, and other emergency services and institutions through the Smart City Integrated Platform in order to construct a smart safety net. This study investigates the linking of theSmart City Integrated Platform and theIntelligent Security Project. The results are as follows. 1. The linkage's objective is clear. 2. The system sector can provide information to accident-related organizations. 3. The scenario area can be expanded to a crime-prevention sector, and a long-term urban information integration infrastructure can be created. 4. Product testing is enabled by a smart city road map and through continuous consultation with relevant organizations. 5. Project diffusion to other local governments can be promoted with the continued addition of commercial products.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.283-294
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• 2021

Solar radiation is an important meteorological factor in the agricultural sector. The ground exposed to sunlight is highly influenced by the surrounding terrains especially in South Korea where the topology is complex. The solar radiation on an inclined surface is estimated using a solar irradiance correction factor for the slope of the terrain along with the solar radiation on a horizontal surface. However, such an estimation method assumes that there is no barrier in surroundings, which blocks sunlight from the sky. This would result in errors in estimation of solar radiation because the effect of shading caused by the surrounding terrain has not been taken into account sufficiently. In this study, the shading effect was simulated to obtain the brightness value (BV), which was used as a correction factor. The shaded relief images, which were generated using a 30m-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), were used to derive the BVs. These images were also prepared using the position of the sun and the relief of the terrain as inputs. The gridded data where the variation of direct solar radiation was quantified as brightness were obtained. The value of cells in the gridded data ranged from 0 (the darkest value) to 255 (the brightest value). The BV analysis was performed using meteorological observation data at 22 stations installed in study area. The observed insolation was compared with the BV of each point under clear and cloudless condition. It was found that brightness values were significantly correlated with the solar radiation, which confirmed that shading due to terrain could explain the variation in direct solar radiation. Further studies are needed to accurately estimate detailed solar radiation using shaded relief images and brightness values.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.251-258
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• 2021

Knives are most frequently used as weapons in violent crimes. Criminals leave behind knife sheaths made of paper and tape at crime scenes. It is difficult to develop fingerprints using tape attached to a porous surface, resulting in the need to explore effective techniques for identifying fingerprints as well as the distribution of fingerprints on each surface, when evidence such as paper knife sheaths are found. In this study, 50 knife sheaths were prepared. The cyanoacrylate fuming (CA fuming) method was applied to develop fingerprints on the non-adhesive side of the tape, and a dual-purpose 1,2-indanedione/Zn (1,2-IND/Zn) reagent was used to separate tape from paper while simultaneously developing fingerprints on the paper. The fingerprints on the adhesive side of the tape were developed using Wet Powder Black^®. Using the R statistical analysis program (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing), we used a heat map to indicate the location of fingerprints developed from each surface. More fingerprints were detected at the ends than in the center of the adhesive side of the tape, and although the non-adhesive sides of tape and paper did not present clear distribution patterns, many fingerprints were developed that had sufficient clarity for personal identification. The results of this study may be applicable for processing evidence when paper sheaths are found at crime scenes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

The comprehensive natural disaster reduction plan, the highest plan in the disaster prevention field, was implemented by local governments. second plan is currently being formulated. In order to minimize human and property damage, structural and non-structural measures for each of the nine disaster types are established and implemented for 10 years. Structural measures are based on engineering and quantitative analysis, and the criteria for setting reduction measures are clear. Non-structural measures, however, currently lack the set criteria. the basic disaster and safety management law included the safety vulnerable class in 2018. Currently, the safety vulnerable class of the detailed establishment criteria of the comprehensive natural disaster reduction plan is being established, including children, the elderly, and the disabled. However, due to the lack of data securing and database construction by local governments, it is difficult to prepare a location map for establishing reduction measures for the safety vulnerable. Therefore, in this study, OPEN API data of the safety vulnerable class were collected and statistical information and GIS of SGIS information services were used. The distribution diagram of the safety vulnerable class in Samcheok, Gangwon-do, which is a sample area, and the distribution diagram of the safety vulnerable class in units of the output area (OA) in Geundeok-myeon were prepared.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.267-274
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• 2023

In this paper, a method for estimating the illuminant chromaticity of a scene for an input image is proposed. The illuminant chromaticity is estimated using the illuminant reference region. The conventional method uses a certain number of reference lighting information. By comparing the chromaticity distribution of pixels from the input image with the chromaticity set prepared in advance for the reference illuminant, the reference illuminant with the largest overlapping area is regarded as the scene illuminant for the corresponding input image. In the process of calculating the overlapping area, the weights for each reference light were applied in the form of a Gaussian distribution, but a clear standard for the variance value could not be presented. The proposed method extracts an independent reference chromaticity region from a given reference illuminant, calculates the characteristic values in the r-g chromaticity plane of the RGB color coordinate system for all pixels of the input image, and then calculates the independent chromaticity region and features from the input image. The similarity is evaluated and the illuminant with the highest similarity was estimated as the illuminant chromaticity component of the image. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using the database image and showed an average of about 60% improvement compared to the conventional basic method and showed an improvement performance of around 53% compared to the conventional Gaussian weight of 0.1.