• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.773-780
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• 2003

The characteristics of soft clays is very important for the land development plan. This study is to investigate correlations between the engineering properties and the characteristics of clay minerals of the disturbed clay samples obtained from Sihwa area. This study included X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer Analysis. The correlations between the clay mineral properties and the laboratory and field testing results were investigated.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2016

점토광물은 대기부터 지하수에 이르는 크리티컬존(critical zone) 영역에서 금속과 탄소 순환을 결정짓는 역할을 한다. 계산광물학 연구방법 중에 하나인 분자동역학(molecular dynamics) 시뮬레이션은 지구물질을 원자단위로 계산하기 때문에, 점토광물의 물리화학적 현상들에 대해 원자수준의 자세한 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 이번 연구에서는 clayFF 힘 장(force field)을 사용한 분자동역학 시뮬레이션을 이팔면체 점토광물인 깁사이트(gibbsite, $Al(OH)_3$), 카올리나이트(kaolinite, $Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_4$), 파이로필라이트(pyrophyllite, $Al_2Si_4O_{10}(OH)_2$)에 적용하여 300 K, 1기압조건에서 각 광물이 가지는 격자상수와 원자간 거리를 계산하고 실험결과와 비교하였다. 더불어 수산기의 방향성 및 수소결합의 양상 그리고 파워스펙트럼(power spectrum)을 추가적으로 계산하였다. 계산 결과, 격자상수는 기존의 실험결과와 약 0.1~3.7% 미만의 오차율을 보였으며, 원자간 거리는 실험결과와 약 5% 미만의 차이를 가졌다. 깁사이트나 카올리나이트의 팔면체층 표면에 존재하는 수산기가 가지는 신축진동파수(stretching vibrational wavenumber)는 실험값 보다 약 $200-300cm^{-1}$ 높게 계산되었지만, 팔면체층 표면에 존재하는 수산기들의 상대적 크기의 경향은 기존 실험 결과와 일치하였다. 팔면체층 표면의 수산기가 (001)면과 이루는 각도도 기존 실험결과와 상당부분 일치한 반면에 내부 수산기의 경우는 다소 차이를 보였다. ClayFF를 사용한 분자동역학 시뮬레이션 연구 방법은 이팔면체 점토광물 표면 내(층간) 금속이온 흡착에 대한 수산기의 역할을 규명하는데 유용한 연구방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 1991

상괴중(上壞中)에서 methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate(MBC)의 흡착양상(吸着樣相)에 관(關)한 기초자과(基礎資科)를 얻고자 Kaolinite, Bentonite 및 Zeolite에 Na와 Mg를 포화(飽和)시키고 MBC를 첨가(添加)하여 습식(濕式)진(振)탕법(法)으로 흡착실험(吸着實驗)을 행(行)하였다. MBC점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 현탁류(懸濁流)에 있어서 Kaolinite는 2시간(時間), Bentonite와 Zeolite는 10시간(時間) 진탕 반응(反應)으로 각각(各各) 반응평형(反應平衡)에 도달(到達)하였다. MBC의 흡착량(吸着量)은 Zeolite>Bentonite>Kaolinite의 순(順)이었으며 포화(飽和)시킨 각(各) 이온의 종류간(種類間)에는 Mg보다 Na포화점토(飽和粘土)가 다소(多少) 컸다. MBC의 농도(濃度)가 높을수록 흡착량(吸着量)은 증가(增加)하였으며, 점토량(粘土量)이 많아질수록 MBC의 흡착량(吸着量)은 증가(增加)하였으나, Kd치(値)는 오히려 감소(減少)되었으며, Na-Zeolite가 가장 높은 Kd치(値)를 나타냈다. 각(各) 농도(濃度)에서 현탁류(懸濁流)의 pH가 낮을수록 MBC의 흡착량(吸着量)은 증가(增加)하였다. 따라서 점토광물(粘土鑛物)에 의(依)한 MBC흡착(吸着)은 상괴중(上壞中)에 존재(存在)하는 점토광물(粘土鑛物)의 종류(種類))와 함량(含量), ph 및 CEC등에 영향(影響)을 받을 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2001

The Cretaceous granite, andesite and sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in the northern Pusan area. The present study investigates mineralogical and geochemical charateristics of residual and cultivated soils derived from these rocks. The soils of granite area contain a large amount of quartz relative to clay minerals, whereas the soils of the andesite area contain more clay minerals than quartz. Clay minerals consist mainly of kaolin minerals illite hydroxy interlayered vermiculite interstratified mica/vermiculite and chlorite. Kaolin minerals are abundant in paddy soils while illite is abundant in less weathered soils. Si and K are major elements in the soils of granite area while Fe and Al in the soils of andesite area. In all the soils Ca, Mg and Na were generally depleted in comparison to those in parent rocks. Analysis data of trace element show that the enrichment pattern in soils depends on parent rock type with high oncentration of some elements over 100 ppm: Ba and Rb in granite area Zn, Bn, and V in andesite area, and Ba and V in sedimentary rock. In granite area, Rb and Th were greatly enriched in soil than in parent rocks. However, Cr, Ni and Sr commonly decrease, whereas Pb increases in all the soils. Exchangeable cation capacity(CEC) is relatively high in the soils of andesite are including abundant clay minerals. Collective evidences prove that the mineralogical and chemical compositions of soils are strongly dependent on the parent rock type. The mineralogy and chemistry of long cultivated soils are not significantly different from those of residual soils.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2008

경북 북부 지역, 낙동강 상류 배수유역의 기반암별 토양 점토광물의 분포 특성을 이해하기 위하여, 준정량광물학적 분석을 실시하였다. 화강암류 분포지역에는 캐올리나이트와 스멕타이트가 다른 기반암 지역에 비하여 상대적으로 많이 함유되어 있었다. 퇴적암 지역 토양에는 일라이트의 함량이 다른 점토광물에 비해 월등히 높고, 캐올리나이트, 스멕타이트, 전이형(녹니석-스멕타이트 혼합층 및 층간수산기 질석 등) 광물들이 소량 수반된다. 변성암류와 화산암류 지역은 일라이트와 캐올리나이트 함량이 화강암류와 퇴적암류 지역의 중간 정도이나, 전이형 광물의 함량이 조금 더 높았다. 토양 점토광물의 조성은 기반암의 광물조성 및 각 광물의 풍화도 차이와 관련성이 있다. 화강암류 지역 토양의 높은 캐올리나이트 함량은 사장석의 풍화작용에 기인하나, 국지적으로 높은 스멕타이트 함량은 모암의 부분적인 열수변질작용과 관련된 것으로 추정된다. 퇴적암 지역 토양에 특히 풍부한 일라이트는 대부분 모암에서 잔류한 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.447-454
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• 1996

Clay mineral geothermometry using sericites and chlorites in Bobae sericite mine reveals that these clay minerals formed at relatively high temperature. It appears that sericites formed at around $200{\sim}350^{\circ}C$ and chlorites formed at around $250^{\circ}C$. X-ray diffraction study of these minerals reveals that sericite 2M, type and chlorite lib type are dominant phases. Both polytypes indicate that the precipitation temperatures of these minerals shows fairly good agreement with the estimated temperature by clay mineral geothermometry. The Bobae sericite mine was formed at relatively higher temperature than several non-metal ore deposits occurred in the southern part of Korea.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.567-574
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine mineralogical properties of the soft clay that is distributed widely in Samsan area, Ulsan. XRD analysis were examined to find the quantities of the clay minerals. And XRF, SEM and EDX analysis were also examined to investigate the chemical compositions and the structures of the clay. The properties of the samples from 2 sites in Samsan area were that the minerals of the clay were illite, kaolinite, chlorite, smectite and etc.. The plenty of illite has 38 to 53% of content in whole study area. And kaolinite had 18 to 30%, chlorite had 15 to 25%, and smectite had 4 to 12% of content, respectively. The results of SEM observation showed that appearances of Ulsan clay were sheet, plannar or needle form. Ulsan clay included the salt crystal of cubic and the foraminifera, which were related with the content of organ.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

The clay minerals of thirty-four bottom sediments collected from the northwestern continental shelf of the East China Sea have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The clay mineral distribution is mainly controlled by the sediment source and the dominant circulation pattern. The predominant clay mineral in our study area is illite comprising more-than 70% of whole clay fraction. The highest concentration of illite (>72%) is found in the southeastern offshore parts beyond the reach of terrigenous input from the Cheju Island. It means that these illites are largely transported by the Kuroshio Current from the South China Sea. Smectite is highly concentrated in the northwest middle part and in the outer-shelf mud patch. It seems to be due to the high supply of smectite transported from China where the fine-grained sediments are discharged from the modern and ancient Huanghe River. The relatively high abundance of kaolinite is likely derived from the Changjiang River via Taiwan ·Warm Current. In contrast, the large amounts of chlorite and high chlorite/kaolinite ratios occur in the northwestern are, reflecting the transportation by the Huanghai Sea Coastal Current from the southern Yellow Sea.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.502-522
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• 2022

Clay minerals are natural materials that show widespread applications in various branches of science, including environmental sciences, in particular the remediation of water contaminated with various water pollutants. Modified clays and minerals have attracted the attention of researchers in the recent past since the modified materials are seemingly more useful and efficient for removing emerging water contaminants. Therefore, modified engineered materials having multi-functionalities have received greater interest from researchers. The advanced clay-based materials are highly effective in the remediation of water contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants, and these materials show enhanced selectivity towards the specific pollutants. The review inherently discusses various methods employed in the modification of clays and addresses the challenges in synthesizing the advanced engineered materials precursor to natural clay minerals. The changes in physical and chemical properties, as investigated by various characterization techniques before and after the modifications, are broadly explained. Further, the implications of these materials for the decontamination of waterbodies as contaminated with potential water pollutants are extensively discussed. Additionally, the insights involved in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants are discussed in the review. Furthermore, the future perspectives and specific challenges in the scaling up of the treatment methods in technology development are included in this communication.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.293-306
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• 1999

The lower Permian jungseong Formation, Taebaegsan basin (Baegunsan Syncline), represents a coal-bearing siliciclastic succession which was later modified by the Songrim or Dabo orogeny. Sandstone perography and clay mineralogy were studied to understand the thermal history of the Jangseong Formation during basin evolution. Petrographic study indicates the Jangseong sandstones are composed of quartz, feldspar, lithic fragments (metamorphic and sedimetary), and varying proportions of matrix and cement. The dominance of quartz(<97%) over feldspar (<1%) and lithic fragments (<2%) classifies most Jangseong sandstones as quartz arenotes or quartzwackes, but lithic graywackes and sublithic arenite locally occur. The diagentic features of these sandstones include mechanical compaction, cemenation by quartz and clay minerals indentified in the Jangseong Formation by X-ray diffraction analysis are late-stage clay pore-filling. Clay minerals isdentified in the Jangseong Formation by X-ray diffaction analysis are illite, kaolinte, and pyrophyllite with a minor amount of chlorite and micas. The illite, kaolinite, and pyrophyllite appear to be largely autjigenic based on their well-crystallinity forms. There authigenic clay minerals form clay minerals form clay coats/rims and late-stage pore-filling cements, Illitecrystallinity shows that the Jangseong formation has been in late-diagenetic zone to early-epizone, which ranges in temperature from $200^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$. In assition, kaolinite-pyrophyllite transition suggests that paleotemperature of the formation has reached at least $265^{\circ}C$. Such temperatureis likely to be consistent with homogenixation temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz veins in the formation. Thus, the Jangseong Formation has been subjected to paleotemperature of about $265^{\circ}C$. The major heat source responsible for paleotemperature may be hydrothermal solutions. The passage of hydrothermal solutions was probably assisted by fractures created during the basin-modifying tectonism of the taebaegsan basin.