• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2013

In order to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic status of the Korean Chikso breed, we determined sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and performed phylogenetic analysis using 239 individuals from 5 Chikso populations. Five non-synonymous mutations of a total of 15 polymorphic sites were identified among 239 cyt b coding sequences. Thirteen haplotypes were defined, and haplotype diversity was 0.4709 ranging from 0.2577 to 0.6114. Thirty-five haplotypes (C1-C35) were classified among 9 Asia and 3 European breeds. C2 was a major haplotype that contained 206 sequences (64.6%) from all breeds used. C3-C13 haplotypes were Chikso-specific haplotypes. C1 and C2 haplotypes contained 80.5% of cyt b sequences of Hanwoo, Yanbian, Zaosheng and JB breeds. In phylogenetic analyses, the Chikso breed was contained into B. taurus lineage and was genetically more closely related to two Chinese breeds than to Korean brown cattle, Hanwoo. These results suggest that Chikso and Hanwoo have a genetic difference based on the mtDNA cyt b gene as well as their coat color, sufficient for classification as a separate breed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.696-708
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• 2002

In this paper, a novel transcoding algorithm for the Adaptive Multi Rate(AMR) and the Enhanced Variable Rate Codec(EVRC) vocoders via direct parameter transformation is proposed. In contrast to the conventional tandem transcoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm converts the parameters of one coder to the other without going through the decoding and encoding processes. The proposed algorithm consists of the parameter decoding, frame classification, mode decision, and transcoders for two frame types. The transcoders convert the parameters such as LSP, frame energy, pitch delay for the adaptive codebook, fixed codebook vector, and codebook gains. Evaluation results show that while exhibiting better computational and delay characteristics, the proposed algorithm produces equivalent speech quality to that produced by the tandem transcoding algorithm.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.873-877
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• 2012

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules characterized by their regulatory roles in cancer and gene expression. We analyzed the expression of miR-21, miR-205, and miR-342 in 59 patients with breast cancer. Samples were divided into three different groups according to their immunohistochemistry (IHC) classification: ER- positive and/or PR-positive group ($ER^+$ and/or $PR^+$; group I); HER2-positive group ($HER^{2+}$; group II); and ER/ PR/ HER2- negative ($ER^-$/ $PR^-$/ $HER^{2-}$; group III) as the triple negative group. The expression levels of the 3 miRNAs were analyzed in the tumor samples and the compared with the normal neighboring dissected tumor (NNDT) samples in all three groups. The expression of miR-21 was similar in all three groups. In patients positive for P53 by IHC, positive for axillary lymph node metastasis and higher tumor stages, it appeared to have significantly elevated. However, significant increase was not found among the 18 fibroadenoma samples. Both miR-205 and miR-342 expressions were significantly down regulated in group III. We conclude that miR-21 does not discriminate between different breast cancer groups. In contrast, miR-205 and miR-342 may be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of triple negative breast cancer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2000

In this paper, we presents a new MCDI(motion compensated difference image) coding method using CVQ(classifled vector quantization) whoes MCD(motion compensated difference) block is classified by proposed classifier using motion vector and compensated block The variance of MCD block is closely related with the magnitude of motion vector as well as the variance of compensated block, so using this property, we propose a new classifier. This scheme has no side information of the classifier what sub-codebook is selected, and simulation results show that the proposed method exhibits a good performance even when compared with a conventional method that requires classification bits.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2022

Objectives : Huangqintang(⿈芩湯) is a famous herbal prescription in the Traditional Korean Medicine (e.g. Shanghanlun) to treat various chronic disease such as neurological disease and digestive system disease. Its components include Scutellariae Radix(⿈芩), Paeonia lactiflora(芍藥), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(⽢草), Zizyphi Fructus(⼤棗). Methods : In this study, we standardize the name, composition and medical uses of Huangqintang by literature studying and paper searching. Based on the comparison between oriental medicine and modern medicine pharmacology, we linked the medical uses of Huangqintang to Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD). Results and Conclusion : The name of the prescription is unified into "Huangqintang", and its composition ratio between Scutellariae Radix, Paeonia lactiflora, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Zizyphi Fructus is 3:2:2:3. Huangqintang is used for enteritis diseases due to its antipyretic and antinflammatory effects. Its medical application was relatied with 'A'code, 'C'code, and 'K'code as indicated by KCD. By standardizing the mixed conceptions of Huangqintang, this review will facilitate the coding of Huangqintang prescription. Therefore, it will make Huangqintang prescription more useful in clinics.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1064-1073
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• 2016

An adaptive speech streaming method to improve the perceived speech quality of a software-based multipoint control unit (SW-based MCU) over IP networks is proposed. First, the proposed method predicts whether the speech packet to be transmitted is lost. To this end, the proposed method learns the pattern of packet losses in the IP network, and then predicts the loss of the packet to be transmitted over that IP network. The proposed method classifies the speech signal into different classes of silence, unvoiced, speech onset, or voiced frame. Based on the results of packet loss prediction and speech classification, the proposed method determines the proper amount and bitrate of redundant speech data (RSD) that are sent with primary speech data (PSD) in order to assist the speech decoder to restore the speech signals of lost packets. Specifically, when a packet is predicted to be lost, the amount and bitrate of the RSD must be increased through a reduction in the bitrate of the PSD. The effectiveness of the proposed method for learning the packet loss pattern and assigning a different speech coding rate is then demonstrated using a support vector machine and adaptive multirate-narrowband, respectively. The results show that as compared with conventional methods that restore lost speech signals, the proposed method remarkably improves the perceived speech quality of an SW-based MCU under various packet loss conditions in an IP network.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1173-1177
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• 2015

The paper suggests to reclassify the casuality accidents types and causes at urban rail stations in the standardized code manner. In order to make standardized codes, 4,086 casuality accidents for Seoul Metro and Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Cooperation (SMRT) are analysed. The standardized code for casuality accident types includes 4 distinct factors; casuality object, casuality location and casuality pattern. Also, the standardized code for casuality accident causes includes 4 distinct factors: casuality trigger, drinking or not, first cause and second cause. This code is deemed to play a big role to link the same casuality accident types or causes which can be used in the process of railroad safety management and emergency response system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.5-31
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• 2006

Since enforcement of the anti-prostitution law, in spite of systematic setting helping escape prostitution of the women who engage in prostitution that they have had the will lasting prostitution. Therefore, this study aimed to devise intervention plan helping their escape prostitution and return to social by examining individual and structural factor obstructing their escape prostitution The data were collected through the in-depth interview and text. And these were analysed according to coding, constitution of concept, matching, construction of explanation on the phenomenon. The nine women who engaging in prostitution were participated in this study. As a result of the data analysis, 46 concepts and 10 categories were generated. By classification of individual and structural factor, the outcomes of an interpretation were as follows: The cause obstructing Prostitutes' escape prostitution were (1) distrust on the policy of the government, (2) life-script was made by reaction-formation, (3) predestined resignation caused by anxiety, (4) body as capital goods, and (5) the commensal model with pimp. Based on this result, we proposed practical and political alternative plans for prostitutes.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.738-747
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• 2021

Today, with the improvement of deep learning technology, computer vision areas such as image classification, object detection, object segmentation, and object tracking have shown remarkable improvements. Various applications such as intelligent surveillance, robots, Internet of Things, and autonomous vehicles in combination with deep learning technology are being applied to actual industries. Accordingly, the requirement of an efficient compression method for video data is necessary for machine consumption as well as for human consumption. In this paper, we propose an object-based compression of thermal infrared images for machine vision. The input image is divided into object and background parts based on the object detection results to achieve efficient image compression and high neural network performance. The separated images are encoded in different compression ratios. The experimental result shows that the proposed method has superior compression efficiency with a maximum BD-rate value of -19.83% to the whole image compression done with VVC.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.273-278
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• 2010

Partial nucleotide sequences of nuclear protein-coding recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) gene of two Abbottina and five Microphysogobio species residing in Korea were analyzed to elucidate the molecular phylogenetic position of A. springeri Banarescu and Nalbant. In RAG1 tree A. rivularis was clearly separated from the monophyletic lineage composed of A. springeri, Biwia zezera and Microphysogobio species. Within this lineage B. zezera showed sister-group relationship to the monophyletic group composed of A. springeri and five Microphysogobio species. Thus, our phylogenetic tree revealed the polyphyletic nature of two Abbottina species from Korea, which result is well congruent with the previous phyletic assumption based on osteological features. The current classification of Abbottina and Microphysogobio based on morphological criteria, such as the presence or absence of papillae on lips and size of swim bladder with or without encapsulation, does not reflect their true evolutionary history.