• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-128
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• 2013

This study investigated the interactions between infants of differing natures and teachers in a nursery, and to find the right way to foster the relationship. This study was carried out for 13 weeks, in a class consisting of eight children between one and two years old and with two teachers. The sources of data collection included observations, interviews with teachers, taking videos and voice recording. The results were as follows. (1) Infants with different natures show different reactions in the same situation and it affects the interaction between them and the teachers. (2) The types of interactions among infants with different natures are distinct and the interaction is influenced by factors other than just their nature. A constant interaction between infants and teachers based on the natures of infants and situational reacting strategies toward infants tremendously influence infants' development.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

Using the phytogram system, this study monitored hourly environmental factors(climate and soil), and radial growths and cambium activities of conifers in Worak mountain for 28 months from May 1996 to October 1998 to examine the influences of climatic factors on tree growths/carnbium activities of conifers in Worak Mountain, Korea. The phytogram system first puts a fine electrode into cambial zone. This device can automatically record environmental factors and cambium electrochemistry(hydration and proton levels). Dendrometers are attached to the phytogram for monitoring seasonal dynamics of cambial growth. We compared the results of radial growth by species and by diameter class. The growth decreased in order of Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida. Pre-monsoon growths were fast and May-June moisture regime was the most critical for all species. In the middle of September, radial growths were finished. The proton level and stem diameter reached the minimum at 4 p.m. On the other hand, the hydration level reached the maximum at 4 p.m. This diurnal change resulted from transpiration and the release of water from phloem storage to sapwood through xylem stream.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 1995

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which sociodemographic and health related life-style variables explain body weight distribution and to understand weight contol behavior. To study this study 298 students were selected, it was consisted of obesity group(101) and control group(197). The average age of subjects was 14.2 and the prevalence of obesity was 2-3 per class as 5.6% among 1,793. 71% among same subject was showed higher weight pattern than last one year, ovesity group which was obesity both in 93 and 94 was 34%. Correlation between body weight(under weight/obesity) and independent variables including sociodemographic factor and health- related life style tested through Multiple Classification Analysis was very significant, explained 36% of the total variance. Sociodemografic and hereditary factors such as education level, age of father and physical features of parents, life style factors as exercise preference and perceived health status showed highly contribution to body weight. Concretely, there were showed a higher obesity prevalence tendency when education level and age of father was high, physical features of parents was obesity. In otherwise, there were showed a higher underweight prevalence tendency when education level and age of father was low. Experience rates of weight control was 53% generally, 84% in obesity group, and 11% in underweight group. There were utilized weight control behaviors through diet method mainly in obesity group, diet and exercise methods in underweight group. There were showed that underweight group are prefer exercise to obesity group. Conclusionally, These findings suggest that education, age, physical features of parents, exercise preference and perceived health status is important factors related to body weight among middle school girls. Therefore, there will be considered as valuable factors when we practice health education and consultation related to body weight. Furthermore it is necessary to provide of various informations about weight control and to develop systematic weight control program.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.718-731
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• 1985

Renal dysfunction is a common complication of open-heart surgery: a form of controlled hemorrhagic shock, and successful perioperative management of renal dysfunction depends on recognition of the risk factors and optimal management of factors influencing renal function, including cardiopulmonary bypass, and early detection of renal failure. Changes in renal functional parameters including Ccr, Cosm, CH2O, FENa, and RFI were observed prospectively in forty five patients operated on at Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, S.N.U.H., from April to June, 1985. They were 23 males and 22 females with 35 acquired and 10 congenital heart diseases and the mean age and body surface area of them were 38.010.3 years [22-63] and 1.5518 M2[1.151.92] respectively. Followings are the conclusion. 1. The Ccr, representative of renal function, is significantly improved from 90.231.3 ml/min/M2 preoperatively to 101.536.4 ml/min/M2 postoperative and day [P<0.05], and all patients were classified as postoperative renal functional class I of Abel, which representing adequate renal protection during our cardiopulmonary bypass. 2. The Cosm is significantly elevated at immediate postperfusion time and remained high at postoperative one day representing osmotic diuresis at that time, but CH2O shows no significant changes at immediate postperfusion period and is decreased significantly at postoperative one day, representing recovery of renal concentrating ability at that time with decreasing urine flow. 3. The absolute value and changing tendency in FENa and RFI during perioperative period shows no diagnostic reliability on these parameters, but those of CH2O appear to reveal future renal function more accurately than Ccr 4. The depth of hypothermia may be protective upon renal function against the ill effects of prolonged nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. 5. The depth of the hypothermia, pump time of more than 150 minutes, poor cardiac function, and intraoperative events such as embolism appear to be related with immediate postperfusion renal function. 6. Hemoglobinuria and hemolysis, poor preoperative renal function, history of cardiac surgery, and massive transfusion associated with bleeding appear not to be related with renal dysfunction.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 1997

Some CMP gathers acquired from shallow marine seismic reflection survey in offshore Korea do not show the hyperbolic trend of moveout. It originated from so-called swell effect of source and streamer, which are towed under rough sea surface during the data acquisition. The observed time deviations of NMO-corrected traces can be entirely ascribed to the swell effect. To correct these time deviations, a residual statics is introduced using Genetic Algorithms (GA) into the swell correction. A new class of global optimization methods known as GA has recently been developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence and has a resemblance with the genetic evolution of biological systems. The basic idea in using GA as an optimization method is to represent a population of possible solutions or models in a chromosome-type encoding and manipulate these encoded models through simulated reproduction, crossover and mutation. GA parameters used in this paper are as follows: population size Q=40, probability of multiple-point crossover P$_c$=0.6, linear relationship of mutation probability P$_m$ from 0.002 to 0.004, and gray code representation are adopted. The number of the model participating in tournament selection (nt) is 3, and the number of expected copies desired for the best population member in the scaling of fitness is 1.5. With above parameters, an optimization run was iterated for 101 generations. The combination of above parameters are found to be optimal for the convergence of the algorithm. The resulting reflection events in every NMO-corrected CMP gather show good alignment and enhanced quality stack section.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2007

This paper investigates the effects of the fusion of multifrequency (C and L bands) polarimetric SAR data in land-cover classification. NASA JPL AIRSAR C and L bands data were used to supervised classification in an agricultural area to simulate the integration of ALOS PALSAR and Radarsat-2 SAR data to be available. Several scattering features derived from target decomposition based on eigen value/vector analysis were used as input for a support vector machines classifier and then the posteriori probabilities for each frequency SAR data were integrated by applying a probabilistic ratio model as a decision level fusion methodology. From the case study results, L band data had the proper amount of penetration power and showed better classification accuracy improvement (about 22%) over C band data which did not have enough penetration. When all frequency data were fused for the classification, a significant improvement of about 10% in overall classification accuracy was achieved thanks to an increase of discrimination capability for each class, compared with the case of L band Shh data.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2019

The mechanical properties and microstructure of 1st stage used and casted buckets of $1,100^{\circ}C$ class gas turbine were analyzed to evaluate quality of the components. Gas turbine 1st stage buckets are exposed and operated in the most severe environment except 1st nozzle among the hot path gas components. Additionally, since the 1st stage bucket is a rotating component, so it may cause additional damage to the rear buckets and nozzles which cause a huge financial loss. Therefore, the quality of the casted bucket must be evaluated prior to use at the plant site. In this study, the microstructure analysis and mechanical properties of the casted bucket were evaluated to verify the casting quality and it was confirmed that the quality conditions designed by KEPCO were satisfied. A bucket operated 46% (11,067EOH) of its life time also evaluated for quality comparison.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.71-79
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• 2021

In this study, a real-scale fuel-cell room of volume 1.36 m³ is constructed to confirm the explosion characteristics of hydrogen-air mixture gas in a hydrogen-powered house. A volume concentration of 40% is applied in the fuel-cell room as the worst-case scenario to examine the most severe accident possible, and two types of doors (made of plastic sheet and wood) are fabricated to observe their effects on the overpressure and impulse. The peak overpressure and impulse based on distance from the ignition source are experimentally observed and assessed. The maximum and minimum overpressures with a plastic-sheet door are about 20 and 6.7 kPa and those with a wooden door are about 46 and 13 kPa at distances of 1 and 5 m from the ignition source, respectively. The ranges of impulses for distances of 1-5 m from the ignition source are about 82-28 Pa·s with a plastic-sheet door and 101-28 Pa·s with a wooden door. The amount of damage to people, buildings, and property due to the peak overpressure and impulse is presented to determine the safe distance; accordingly, the safe distance to prevent harm to humans is about 5 m based on the 'injuries' class, but the structural damage was not serious.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2022

Objectives: Academic stress poses a significant risk for the mental health of medical students, and a feasible group intervention program for managing academic stress is required. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on the mental health of Korean medical students. Methods: The class of first-year medical school students (n=36) participated in an after-school EFT group intervention program comprising six sessions (15 minutes/session, three weeks) to analyze its clinical effectiveness as a single-group test-retest clinical study. The changes in the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores were examined using a paired t-test and Cohen's D at post-EFT and two-week follow-up. Results: There were significant curtailments at post-EFT and follow-up measures in TAI-Total (t=2.704 and t=3.289), TAI-Worry (t=2.297 and t=2.454), TAI-Emotionality (t=2.763 and t=3.654), PSS-Negative Perspective (t=2.659 and t=3.877), and PANAS-Negative Affect (t=2.885 and t=3.259) subscales, however not in PSS-Positive Perspective (t=-1.279 and t=-1.101) and PANAS-Positive Affect (t=0.194 and t=-0.122) subscales. The trait anxiety (t=2.227) was significantly mitigated in the post-EFT measure and the state anxiety (t=2.30) in the follow-up measure. Conclusions: The EFT group intervention alleviated test stress, negative affect, and anxiety in the Korean medical students. This study contributes to an understanding of academic stress and EFT intervention in the competitive environment of medical education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.525-532
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• 2009

School dietitians are divided into two groups according to their status of employment, school nutrition teachers and dietitians, with the latter being irregularly employed by the institution. In this study, the job satisfaction, communication ability, work performance and importance in feeding services and dietetic counseling of both groups were compared. To accomplish this, 100 regularly employed school nutrition teachers (regularly employed) and 101 dietitians (irregularly employed) were surveyed by questionnaire. The results were as follows: (1) The irregularly employed dietitians showed a lower level of job satisfaction than the school nutrition teachers. This was likely because the school nutrition teachers belonged to the strong inner circle of school teachers and cafeteria workers, and had enough time to prepare for class lectures and consultancy. Conversely, the irregularly employed dietitians generally handle extra office work in addition to their primary duties. Despite these differences, both parties agreed that it was necessary to change the work system. Additionally, school dietitians reported that they had little opportunity for further training for career development. (2) Both parties had good communication skills; however, the irregularly employed dietitians had more conflicts with other staff members than the regular employees. (3) Job performance and job importance level was compared among employees involved in school feeding services and nutrition counseling. No significant differences were observed between dietitians and nutrition teachers in either group (p<0.05). However, the school nutrition teachers showed better skills than school dietitian with respect to public relations, running independent counseling offices, and using effective tools and materials. Job performance level was lower when compared to job importance level for all items, which meant the job was not well performed when compared to the work importance awareness.