• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.309-317
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• 2022

There are 2,517 buses on 143 routes in Busan. One company is operating 36 hydrogen city buses (1.4%) and two hydrogen charging stations. By 2030, the number of hydrogen city buses will be increased to 500 and 40 hydrogen charging stations. In the survey of city bus companies, 61.5% of respondents answered 'not reviewing (at all)' and 23.0% of respondents '(actively) reviewing hydrogen buses'. And as for the level of help that hydrogen city buses give to bus companies, 23.5% answered 'helpful'. In order to promote the introduction of hydrogen city buses, first, it is necessary to stipulate support for hydrogen bus purchase cost and hydrogen charging station construction cost in related ordinances so that bus companies do not increase their burden of purchasing hydrogen buses in the future. Second, identify the number of new city buses introduced, convert about 50% to hydrogen city buses by the mid-term, and build 50% of the chargers in public garages with hydrogen chargers. Third, expand hydrogen refueling stations in city bus garages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.43-54
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• 2011

After implementing "Semi-public management system of intra-city bus", the burden of financial aid for unprofitable routes is on the increase in Busan metro city. It becomes a heavy burden on the local finance, which needs to be resolved for improving the intra-bus system. The rainfall is one of the factors influencing the demands for intra-bus in urban transportation. Motivated by this fact, this study investigates the impact of rainfall on the intra-city bus demand. Actual bus users are surveyed on their patterns and recognition of using the bus according to the amount of rainfall. A rainfall forecast model using ordered probit model is presented, and the elasticity of the intra-city bus utilization to the amount of rainfall is also analyzed. The resulting findings could be applied to promote the use of intra-city buses and also be utilized as basic data for other studies to improve the intra-city bus system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3D
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• pp.213-222
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• 2012

After enforcing 2007 semi-public management system of intra-city bus, Busan city has tried to promote the bus utilization through bus service improvements. As an effort for this, we attempted to clarify the main factors affecting to bus service satisfaction targeting intra-city bus users. In this study, 20 subcategories of intra-city bus service were assorted into 6 factors: Basic Service, Safe Driving, Route Information, Comfort, Cleanliness and Facilities, then the preference for each detailed bus service were analyzed. And the effects for bus service satisfaction were shown under the various conditions according to the general characteristics of intra-city bus users (gender, age), behavioral traffic characteristics (frequency of use, boarding time) and transportation environments (temperature, rainfall). These results would be important basic data for decision-making in bus policy for climate change and establishment of operating plan for bus utilization.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.105-115
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study was initiated to analyze the characteristics of bus traffic accidents, by bus types, using the decision tree in order to establish customized safety alternatives by bus types, including the intra-city bus, rural area bus, and inter-city bus. METHODS : In this study, the major elements involved in bus traffic accidents were identified using decision trees and CHAID algorithm. The decision tree was used to identify the characteristics of major elements influencing bus traffic accidents. In addition, the CHAID algorithm was applied to branch the decision trees. RESULTS : The number of casualties and severe injuries are high in bus accidents involving pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, etc. In the case of light injury caused by bus accidents, different results are found. In the case of intra-city bus accidents, the probability of light injury is of 77.2% when boarding a non-owned car and breaching of duty to drive safely are involved. In the case of rural area bus accidents, the elements showing the highest probability of light injury are boarding an owned car, vehicle-to-vehicle accidents, and breaching of duty to drive safely. In the case of intra-city bus accidents, boarding owned car, streets, and vehicle-to-vehicle accidents work as the critical elements. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the bus accident data were categorized by bus types, and then the influential elements were identified using decision trees. As a result, the characteristics of bus accidents were found to be different depending on bus types. The findings in this study are expected to be utilized in establishing effective alternatives to reduce bus accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.86-89
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• 2008

In this paper, bus station design is presented as a component of public design to develop the integrated city public image of Daejeon Metropolitan City through the study of city characteristics and the direction of future development. Design concept is the mutual understanding of public image and human centered sense, and comfortable bus station which is correspond with future development direction and applicable for digital informationization is selected. Design components are bus shelter, information board, bench, vending machine, a wastebasket, billboards and so forth.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.531-533
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• 2003

This study aims at discussing the future trend of the community bus and attempted to route selection by using GIS for the welfare-type community bus, which satisfies the need of elderly and physically handicapped persons in Nagasaki City. In doing so, we have conducted field survey in some sample cities of Kyushu, Japan for taking lessons from the present state analysis of community bus already operating there. As a result of the study, we have been able to identify some best possible routes for the community bus operation in Nagasaki City, which meets the requirement of the welfare community as well as of the general passengers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2018

Recently, the need to introduce bus lines on a welfare basis is increasing as public intervention in bus routes is accelerated through semi-public bus system. The main objective of this study is to establish the concept of PSO (public service obligation) bus line on a welfare basis and propose a classification method of PSO bus line under semi-public bus system. We introduced 3 indexes such as "equity" in terms of bus line distribution, "publicity" in terms of age distribution, and "profitability" in terms of bus operating revenues. On the basis of 3 indexes, we introduced the PSO bus line, which is fair and public, even if it is not profitable. Based on the concept established in this study, we divided 130 ordinary city bus lines in Busan Metropolitan City into 8 PSO bus lines. Also, considering the positive impact of public buses, which are less profitable, but improve the mobility of residents and secure public community, we suggested the need to introduce public buses in bus service shortage areas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1989

In order to reduce the smoke emission from the in-service city bus, this study was evaluated the particulate reduction efficiency and regeneration ability of the catalitic trap oxidizer (CTO) on the city bus (D0846HM engine) equipped with it. Before the on-road CTO test, the laboratory test of CTO on engine test-bench was performed. Reduction efficiencies of smokes and particulates were 54 and 45%, and those of gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) were 90 and 60%. In order to evaluate the regeneration ability of the CTO by the catalytic oxidation of trapped particulate, field test was performed on the in-service road. The regeneration temperature was 350$^\circ$ which was same with the exhaust temperature of city bus.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

The types of the accidents caused by intra-city buses and the changing tendencies of driving attitudes are analyzed before-and-after semi-public management system of intra-city bus system is implemented. On the basis of analysis, the measures on the decrease of traffic accidents are considered and the results are as follows. First, it showed that the traffic accidents decreased generally as a result of definition of the progresses of traffic accidents of intra-city buses before-and-after the system is implemented and with the passing of time after the system was operated. Second, the factors which influence the decrease of traffic offenses before-and-after semi-public management system of intra-city bus are the decease of violation, safe driving duty and the job security. Also the cause which mostly influence to the decrease of traffic accidents is defined. Finally, the measures of decrease of traffic accidents are arranged and proposed as a result of PROXSCAL method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2002

Emission from road traffic is one of the major sources of air pollution, and provides some undesirable effects on the atmspheric environment and human health. In the city of Seoul, the higher portion of diesel vehicles runs compared with that of other countries. Emission from the diesel vehicles is much higher than that of other vehicles. In this study, the driving pattern of city-bus in Seoul is investigated through on-road vehicle test and compared with the test modes of other countries in order to examine appropriateness of the present test mode that is taken in our country.