• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.103-109
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• 1992

This research suggest a causal model to investigate factors and variables which significant effects on user satisfaction with city park recreational facilities in Duryu city park in Taegu, and thereby identifying implications for planning and development of urban parks and open space. For this study the data were gathered by self-adminstered questionnares from 993 households selected by the multi-stage probability sampling method. The analysis of the data consists of two phases. The first involves exploratory factor analysis to draw meaningful factors from the data. Three factors were indentified. The second phase test the causal model of this research employing LISREL methodology. On the base of the analysis results, important implications for planning of city park and open space are recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.131-134
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• 2001

Green and plants, as it symbol the life and depute the nature, always give human an easy comfort psychologically. The paper is a brief analysis to the idea frame of urban construction and reform of Kunming through our practice about ten years. On which three main principles should be carefully considered. One is that the green-space composed of plant system is of the important infrastructure of a modern city as it can not be instead of by any other factor in the ecological system of the city. The other is that in the course of planning and construction the local feature as well as its culture tradition in history should be pied more attention. In order to create a distinguish character of itself the third may be more important that to coordinate each key elements of it such as green, water, light, building, road, etc., to get a harmonious sphere of human and nature. A modern city should be a green city in which nature and man co-exist harmoniously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1999

The mixed rural city is adjusting to change by urbanization. The recent landcover change in mixed rural city is an important factor that changes structure and function of regional ecosystem. Landscape ecology is an integrated ecology widely available for environmental science such as nature conservation and sustainable land-use planning. As the concern about environmental quality rises, many studies are trying to create and conservate for biotop. The creation of biotop is related to the plan and management of the effective landuse because the important factor to change the structure and function of ecological area in the country. This study was carried out to establish the foundation of the landuse plan to analyze the change of landuse and to plan the scheme in creating biotop and landuse. We used the approach of ecological landscape and using landscape indices with RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS(Geographic Information System) technology, spatio-temporal variations of areas and distribution of forest patches were examined in the Sunghwan in Chonan from 1985 to 1996. A result of this study showed that the area of forest and paddy decreased by urban sprawl. The size of patch in the forest and agriculture had been smaller and irregular form, heterogeneity of size of forest and agriculture patches within sub-basin was increased, pattern of forest and agriculture patches decreased the corridor and network from 1985 to 1996.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.32-47
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate and propose a green-wall system with evergreen plants for urban greening of Tongyeong City. To achieve these goals, the requirements and possibilities for wall greening were investigated and evaluated considering the location, topography, and climate of Tongyeong City. Existing walls were analyzed and then a suitable green wall system is proposed. Tongyeong City and its 151 islands covers the central and the southern parts of the Goseong peninsula. Most of the land is covered with hills and mountains; $43.9\%$ of the land area has a slope greater than $15\%$ and most hills and mountains near the urban area have a slope of more than $30\%$. As a result of the topographical properties, concrete retaining walls can often be seen along the streets in urbanized areas. These retaining walls are not only unattractive, but they also create environmental problems, and thus should be replaced with native evergreen plants. Options for replacing the retaining walls include evergreen vine-plants such as Hedaa spp. and Euonymus radicans, but native evergreen shrubs such as Pittosporum tobira, Nandina domestica, Raphiolepis umbellata, Ilex cornuta, flex crenata, Fatsia japonic, and Aucuba japonica may be a more attractive option. Current wall conditions are unsuitable for planting vines, therefore, a reservoir-drainage-type plant box filled with a light artificial substrate is required for greening these concrete retaining walls. These might be irrigated in the dry season and fertilized annually by an appropriate system. These plant boxes could be attached along the entire walls. An experiment investigating effects of substrates and bark-chip mulching on the growth of Hedera spp. showed that the mixture of cerasoil and field soil(v/v, 4:6) was superior to field soil alone and to the mixture of perlite small grain, large grain, and field soil(v/v/v, 2:2:6). Bark-chip mulching tended to increase the growth of Hedera spp..

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.96-107
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• 2003

This study is to establish the Incheon Metropolitan City Arboretum Development Plan (IMADP) as a capacity building both for plant diversity conservation and nature friendly leisure activity areas of Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The arboretum planning area is located within territory of the Incheon Grand Park Based on the IMADP, the arboretum was divided into three display spaces; the Urban Greening Garden, the Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden and the Theme Garden. Detailed planting guidelines were suggested according to the three garden areas. The Urban Greening Garden was designed to display the following three; the relevance techniques, the model, and the practical uses of plants that are regarded to an urban greening. The Rare and Endangered Plant Species Garden (REPSG) was planned for the collection and display of the rare and endangered native plants in the territories of Incheon and the island seashore. Also, the REPSG includes the education purposes of comparing and displaying taxonomically related plant species. The Theme Garden was projected for the collection and display of plant species that have long been familiar to Korean culture and which are also used in our daily life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

Connectivity is a quantitative indicator of landscape structure, and connectivity of urban green areas is an indicator of ecological integrity in urban landscapes. The purposes of this study are to assess the connectivity of urban green areas in Seoul, and to develop a method of siting new green areas for better connectivity. Diverse methods for connectivity assessment and indices of connectivity are reviewed and applied to the connectivity assesment of green areas in Seoul. The indices of connectivity of green areas in Seoul turned out to be higher than expected, maybe because many of them are rather evenly distributed, serving as stepping stones, and because there are many riparian corridors, including the Han River. Analysis also shows the optimum location of new green space patches or corridors will be those spots that would link the mainland, or large green areas outside the city, and existing green areas in the city. Restoration of urban streams as ecological corridors will significantly enhance connectivity. Three different scenarios with increasing numbers of new green areas in the city were then prepared. The changes of connectivity were measured and the possible success rates of animal dispersal were simulated. The results revealed that restoration of streams will increase the connectivity and success rates of animal dispersal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.14-24
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the landscape characteristics and the physical factors of landscape would affect the preference for the Gapcheon in Daejeon Metropolitan City. The Gapcheon was divided in three sections of the outskirts, Expopark areas, and residential complexes. After selecting seven landscape points where the sections could be expressed best, photographs were taken both in the upstream and downstream direction. The questionnaire used to evaluate the river's landscape included 20 items of adverbs that described the form of the river and one item to rate the overall preference. By analyzing the 14 pictures taken, the occupancy rates of the landscape elements in terms of the sky, river, vegetation of the river, mountain, and artificial structures. Image factor analysis was conducted for each of the sections in order to analyze the landscape characteristics of the Gapcheon, and then regression analysis was conducted in order to analyze the relationships among the physical factors influencing the preference of the landscapes. The results were as follows : Factors that compose the visual characters of urban river were classified be the aesthetic factor, the emotional factor and the situation factor. These 3 factors showed a 65.8% total variance. The river landscape with the biggest preference was the one from the Daedeok Grand Bridge as the occupancy area of the mountain, sky, and river was large and distributed evenly and the vegetation of the river was in a good harmony with the surroundings. After carrying out regression analysis to examine the relationships between the visual preference of Gapcheon and the physical factors of landscape(the sky, river, vegetation of the river, mountain, and artificial structure), the following regressions model was made : PRE=5.906+0.017(river)-0.053(artificial structure)-0.060(vegetation of the river) (R-square=0.48).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to propose new systems for improvement of coastal landscape management in Busan area. The coastal landscape management systems in Busan are divided into urban planning sector, coastal management sector and environmental preservation sector without any comprehensive lay or integrated management system. These findings indicate that the coastal landscape is in need of integrated management in the form of coastal management rather than urban planning because coastal landscape os different from urban landscape by nature. The coastal landcape management ordinance which is based on the Coastal Management Ant should be established and the special zoning system for costal landscape management is to be set up under this ordinance. Then the comprehensive landscape plan for Busan coastal area and the design guidelines for each zone are mandatory. Also Busan city government and the district office must have a responsible department, experts and coastal landscape review committees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-137
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• 1987

The townscapes of “Bu” and “Mok” in the Yi Dynasty, Showing the typical landscape characteristics of Korean pre-industrial city, were influenced by the two major socio - cultural norms, One of Which is the “Pung - su theory” a traditional religious system on human settlements, the other is the “Churyegogong system” ; a principle of the traditional oriental city planning. The former exerted main influencs on the location of towns, its external Boundaries of domain and its direction, by natural topographic features in macro perspective, and the latter on the inner parts of townscapes, i. e., the landscape system of ‘center’, ‘boundary’, ‘direction’, and ‘domain’, as representations of administrative and Socio-cultural structures of that era, in micro perspective compared with the former. The systems of Korean old townscapes can be summurized as followhg brief paradigm, with general and .case studies. And the constituents of the paradigm, such as center, boundary, direction and domain, are inferred to reinforce the “sense of place” in townscapes, with their ‘physical appearence’, ‘meaning’, and ‘social activities’.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.271-276
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• 2000

A railway station forecourt is the first place in a city that may make an impression on first time visitors. Their first impression is influenced by the view of the city from the station. This study had two objectives: one was to clarify the evaluation structure of a station forecourt landscape and the other was to clarify the effect of landscape elements on public preference using multivariate analysis, and to discuss the problems of designing a station forecourt. In order to accomplish these objectives, psychological experiments based on photos of station forecourts were carried out, and the relationship between public preference and landscape elements was analyzed. A significant relationship between public preference and elements of a station forecourt landscape was quantitatively observed and several problems inherent to station forecourt design were identified.