• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.105-114
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• 2021

The paper investigates a mediating effect of job embeddedness in the influence of positive psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) for members of medical institutions. The members include medical doctors, nurses, medical technicians, health administrative staffs, and other medical service staffs of hospitals in Daejeon City, Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Sejong City. Using 453 questionnaires for hypothesis tests, the main results are as follows. Firstly, positive psychological capital exerts a significantly positive effect on OCB. Secondly, the fit and links of job embeddedness turn out to have a significant and positive effect on OCB, whereas the sacrifice does not have statistically significant effect on it. Thirdly, while the fit and links of job embeddedness appear to have mediating effects between positive psychological capital and OCB, the sacrifice of it does not exert a mediating effect. The findings thus suggest that we need a new approach to the role of job embeddedness in the positive impacts of positive psychological capital on OCB through the fit and links of job embeddedness. Furthermore, organizations need to focus on key elements in the application of job embeddedness.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-36
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• 2018

This article discusses the possibilities and limitations of ICT education by reviewing the previous research on its various aspects including educational goals, contents, methods, and evaluation. First, when it comes to its educational goal, the prior studies suggest that ICT education aims to nurture digital citizenship among students and to enable them to participate in different sectors of our society. ICT education characterizes the core capacities of its future learners as 'lifelong learners,' 'information producers/consumers,' and 'local/global citizens.' Second, in regard to the educational content of ICT education, researchers investigate SW education importantly: They develop the educational programs and examine the effectiveness of those programs. However, to ensure the relevancy of the educational contents to the future society, institutional support is imperative including facilitating educators' capacities and synchronizing ICT education with subject education. Third, as the educational methods, various ICTs such as flipped learning and augmented reality (AR) are being applied to actual classroom teaching. Research on the educational methods, which is the most vibrant area in the ICT education scholarship, is expected to improve the previous educational methods and to lead the qualitative development of ICT education. Fourth, the previous discussion on the educational evaluation focuses on computer-based evaluations. Educational evaluation using ICT will enable educators to assess the characteristics and achievement of an individual learner accurately and to lead them to apply a teaching-learning process effectively, which will ultimately enhance the effectiveness of educational evaluation. Along with the overall review on the possibilities of ICT education, this article discusses the limitations of the current ICT education and its implications for educational inequalities.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.56
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• pp.239-264
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• 2018

Chosun regime, when it replaced the predecessor of Koryo, had to create political ideological system for new integration of the people. The new system, based on Confucianism, replaced religious values of Buddhism with educational ones. In this educational-ideological system, educational objects were mostly limited in character education's. Its goal was 'restoration of good nature'. For the principal agent of educational process, teacher had the initiative. These traits of educational system can be understood as an 'nature-unfolding perspective' or 'formal discipline perspective'. Moreover, the idea of 'teacher shall be served like prince' seems to be ground of political authoritarianism. In this respects, political traits of traditional education system can be restraining elements for developing independent individuality and free citizenship among Korean people. However, traditional teacher was not only authoritarian trainer. As 'a follower of truth and good', he was equal to his disciples. Teacher learned by teaching them. Students could be colleagues of their teacher. And the main traits of traditional education, focusing character development and community consciousness, are still important, in particular, to modern Korean educational and societal environment wanting in humane and participating citizenship.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.333-374
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• 2009

Korean traditional education emphasizes moral education than any other country or culture. Education is recognized as practical task for self-realization and self-transcendence in traditional Confucian community. This study starts from two questions. First, how moral education in Korea from late in the 19th, when the modernized schooling started, to now can be classified according to social and political circumstances? Second, what is the main issue of moral education in the progress of Korean education after independence from Japanese imperialism? Especially, this study focuses on reflecting and reviewing these issues by context of Eastern moral education. After late in the 19th century, moral education in Korea is divided into three types: "Education for loyalty and filial piety and Moral cultivation", "Citizenship education and Education for anti-communism", and "Moral education and Character education". This study mainly insists these types of moral education distort the sprit by political interests rather than inherit and develop sprit or basic value of moral education. Furthermore, this study discusses characteristic of moral education and way to improve based on important two issues in Korean society; "Nationalism in moral education" and "Western biased education" Making individual's free will into group consciousness in accordance with political power group's interests rather than developing moral community based on each one's character building, nationalism in moral education deepens self-alienation. Western biased education makes self-negation as it considers western as core, and Korea and other traditional ideas as side. This study emphasizes reanalysis Eastern moral education and need effort for understanding of Eastern moral education to overcome Western biased education in Korean moral education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.787-797
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• 2020

The marine officer plays a pivotal role in the shipping organization as a professional who performs a complex and diverse function. On the sea, unlike land duty, the possibility of turnover increases due to characteristics such as living in isolated spaces, continuous shift work during a set sailing period, high intensity work tension, stress, and social isolation. In this study, the impact of the organization's civic actions on the intention of turnover as a mediator of organizational immersion was divided into three groups of large companies, small and medium-sized enterprises, and public enterprises to check the differences between each category in a structural manner. Analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups in loyalty and turnover intention when the sub-factors of organizational commitment and organizational citizen behavior of the marine officer, and the size of turnover intention were included. Organization citizen behavior did not directly affect turnover intention, but when indirect effects were included, there was an effect through loyalty, and relationship-oriented organizational citizen behavior negatively affected turnover intention through loyalty. Excluding public enterprises, the non-standardization path coefficients were -0.229±0.117 and -0.319±0.068, respectively, showing a statistically significant effect in large companies and SMEs. These results indicate that in order to lower the employee turnover intention in large corporations and small and medium-sized shipping companies, it is necessary to consider not only organizational citizen behavior but also measures to increase organizational commitment.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.169-183
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• 2023

This study analyzed students' polar literacy in an effort to promote polar education based on its high educational value. The polar literacy test items developed for this study consisted of questions about knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs about the polar region, as well as background variables of students. The final test items, which were revised and supplemented several times through the preliminary test, were applied to 323 eighth graders in South Korea. We analyzed the response characteristics of the polar literacy questions for all students. Students were grouped into those with a global citizenship perspective and those with a pragmatic perspective, according to the viewpoint of polar issues and their polar literacy. Analysis showed that the students had a high understanding of climate change and living things in the polar regions, but had a very low understanding of ice, which is a key component of the polar regions. Moreover, they were unable to approach the Earth system thinking when dealing with polar issues. In addition, the global citizenship group had a higher intellectual understanding and deeper sympathy of the polar problem than the pragmatic group. This study is meaningful in that the survey results present a specific direction for future polar education.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.75-86
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to increase happiness by verifying the mediating effect of career identity in the relationship between community consciousness, civic consciousness, career identity and happiness of high school students. Data analysis used data from the '2020 Generation Z Teenage Values Survey' conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute. Among the survey subjects, 2,959 out of 3,037 high school students who met the purpose of this study, excluding missing, were sampled and analyzed using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program. The analysis method used frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and Bayron and Kenny's analysis methods to verify the mediating effect, and applied Sobel test techniques to analyze indirect effects and significance. The results of the study showed that, first, high school students' sense of community and citizenship increased their happiness. Second, career identity had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between community consciousness and happiness. Third, it shows a partial mediating effect of career identity in the relationship between citizenship and happiness. Based on this, this study is meaningful in that it suggests policy alternatives and practical programs to promote high school students' happiness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.240-250
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the Ethical Leadership at Work questionnaire (K-ELW) that measures RNs' perceived ethical leadership of their nurse managers. Methods: The strong validation process suggested by Benson (1998), including translation and cultural adaptation stage, structural stage, and external stage, was used. Participants were 241 RNs who reported their perceived ethical leadership using both the pre-version of K-ELW and a previously known Ethical Leadership Scale, and interactional justice of their managers, as well as their own demographics, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, reliability coefficients, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS 19.0 and Amos 18.0 versions were used. Results: A modified K-ELW was developed from construct validity evidence and included 31 items in 7 domains: People orientation, task responsibility fairness, relationship fairness, power sharing, concern for sustainability, ethical guidance, and integrity. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity were supported according to the correlation coefficients of the 7 domains with other measures. Conclusion: The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that the modified K-ELW can be adopted in Korean nursing organizations, and reliable and valid ethical leadership scores can be expected.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.625-639
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• 2003

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between managerial characteristics of the nursing organization and organizational effectiveness. Method : The data were gathered from the self-reported questionnaires of 717 nurses who work for eight different general hospitals located around Seoul and Kyounggi province. The period of data collection was from December 12 to December 7, 2002. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, and ANOVA with SAS & SPSS Program were used. Result : 1) Managerial Characteristics of the Nursing Organization were positively related to all of the organizational effectiveness. Transactional leadership were negatively related to all of the organizational effectiveness. 2) 'Shared Value' and 'Communication' showed a significant difference except religion. 'Autonomy' showed a significant difference except religion, major field of practice. 'Job Motivation' showed a significant difference except marital status, religion. 'Transformational leadership' showed a significant difference except marital status, religion, major field of practice. 3) 'Job satisfaction' showed a significant difference except religion, major field of practice. 'Organizational commitment' and 'Organizational citizenship behavior' showed a significant difference except religion. Conclusion : From the above results, the highly perceived with managerial characteristics of the nursing organization is very implicative to enhance the organizational effectiveness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.292-302
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to build and verify a model of clinical nurses' turnover intention using organizational characteristics, job satisfaction and job embeddedness. Methods: The study participants were 389 hospital nurses. SPSS and AMOS 22.0 program were used to analyze the data and the modeling of turnover intention. Results: A total of 41% of turnover intention was explained by job satisfaction, job embeddedness and organizational characteristics. Nurses with higher job satisfaction and job embeddedness showed lower turnover intention, while organizational characteristics had an indirect effect on their turnover intention. It was found that organizational characteristics had positive effects on both job satisfaction and job embeddedness, and job embeddedness played a mediating role between organizational characteristics and turnover intention. Conclusion: To reduce nurses' turnover intention, hospitals' organizational characteristics should be considered. Nurse managers should strive to increase nurses' job satisfaction and job embeddedness through an understanding of the factors of organizational characteristics such as organizational fairness, nursing work environment, motivation, organizational citizenship behavior, and transformational leadership.