• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the current urban forest network and future plan of forest framework using nearest features program where stepping stones within 5km from the core forest were selected in the program. We found several conclusions as follows: First, we found that cities in inland area including Daegu, Dajeon and Gwangju have quite different types of forest network with comparing to the cities nearby coastline including Busan, Incheon and Ulsan. The cities in inland area have large mountain patch around each city. However they have small and lower number of island forests within their urban area. Otherwise, cities nearby coastline have more forest patches than in the cities in inland area, and Busan and Incheon especially have strong forest network using various size of forest patches. Second, Daegu and Daejeon have much smaller forest patches distributed in each urban area. So additional forest patches should be added to have highly strong forest network within urban area. Third, Ulsan and Gwangju have most stepping-stone forests close to the large mountain patches in suburban area, which are not able to connect to the forest patches in the central area of each city So additional forest patches are needed to be added in the central area of each city for reinforcing the effect of stepping stone in the central area. Though there should be an addition approach except for forest size and its isolation to construct the ecological network in an urban area, this indices can be a good method to check an environmental and ecological status in an urban area.

• 농촌계획
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of land-use and population change in rural area by new expressway. Chungbu expressway constructed in 1987, going through the south area of Kyunggi province from Seoul, was selected as a case expressway, and also 2 cities and 18 subdivisions of county in its surrounding area, as a case study area. To analyze the change characteristics before and after the construction, land-use maps of 1986 and 1996 were collected, including the census data for the years in cities and counties yearbooks. Remote sensing technology was applied to classify the land-use maps with six types of land use. Geographic information system was also used for spatial analysis, such as the land-use and accessibility changes. A 5 km buffer zone from interchange of the expressway showed about two times increase of urbanized built-up area than a 5 km buffer zone from the expressway. Accessibility from Seoul and cities was improved in most areas, which is accessing to Seoul through existing Youngdong expressway. Ten rural areas showed increased population with accessibility of average 52 minutes to Seoul and 19 minutes to cities, while eight areas showed decreased population with average 73 minutes to Seoul and 35 minutes to cities. This shows that the threshold value, which is time distance to Seoul and cities for population increase or decrease, one and half hours, respectively. Urbanized area was increased in most areas, even in population decrease areas, so this indicates that there are thinning rural areas, increasing urbanized area while decreasing population.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2022

이 논문은 폐광지역진흥지구가 지정된 4개의 사례도시를 대상으로 최근 20년간 도시축소 유형을 분석하고 도시축소 실태분석을 통해 향후 도시공간정책의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 최근 20년간의 1년 단위 도시축소유형 분석결과, 사례도시 모두 고착형 축소도시로 분석되었으며 최근 40년간 정점인구 대비 30 % 이상의 인구감소를 나타냈다. 공간구조적으로는 인구감소에도 불구하고 시가화면적과 비도시지역의 지구단위계획구역 지정면적은 매년 증가하고 있으며, 비도시지역의 개발행위허가 및 건축허가도 증가추세에 있어 도시공간의 효율적 관리와 운영이 필요하다. 향후 소멸 고위험단계에 있는 군급 도시에 대한 연구와 도시축소 유형의 세분화 및 유형별 실태분석을 위한 다양한 지표의 개발이 요구된다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2022

Urban space expansion is an important symbol of the urbanization process and has always been an important topic in urban studies. In addition, for sustainable city management, it is important to identify factors that can influence, such as the driving force and direction of urban space expansion, from the stage of establishing an urban development plan. To understand these factors, by observing the expansion process of a specific city, it is possible to sufficiently observe how the urban spatial dimension changes. Through a series of processes, the spatial growth characteristics of the city are analyzed, and the influence and results of important factors are analyzed. For this purpose, this paper examines the changes in the city's outer boundary and land use structure through monitoring data on urban areas of 14 cities in Hunan Province, China from 2000 to 2016. Temporal and spatial regularity according to the urban space expansion of these cities were analyzed, and a preliminary assessment was made on whether the urban space expansion is coordinated with the urban population growth. The assessment result showed: (1) The urban space of most cities has been extended rapidly in 2000-2015 however, the rate and the intensity of urban space expanding has been declining. (2) The construction of the industrial park is the core driving force of the urban space expanding, and the change of the urban space structure is manifested as enclave city expansion because that the industrial park is usually far away from the city center. (3) The population agglomeration is another driving force of the urban space expanding. At this time, the urban space expanding is like boundary extension. (4) Except Changsha city, all of the cities has a high urbanization-area-growth elastic coefficient. It means that most of the cities should enhance the land use degree.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.183-183
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• 2023

Smart water cities (SWC) are urban municipalities that utilizes modern innovations in managing and preserving the urban water cycle in the city; with the purpose of securing sustainability and improving the quality of life of the urban population. Understanding the different urban water characteristics and management strategies of cities situate a baseline in the development of evaluation scheme in determining whether the city is smart and sustainable. This research herein aims to develop measurements and evaluation for SWC Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), and set up a unified global standard and certification scheme. The assessment for SWC is performed in technical, as well as governance and prospective aspects. KPI measurements under Technical Pillar assess the cities' use of technologies in providing sufficient water supply, monitoring water quality, strengthening disaster resilience, minimizing hazard vulnerability, and maintaining and protecting the urban water ecosystem. Governance and Prospective Pillar on the other hand, evaluates the social, economic and administrative systems set in place to manage the water resources, delivering water services to different levels of society. The performance assessment is composed of a variety of procedures performed in a quantitative and qualitative manner, such as computations through established equations, interviews with authorities in charge, field survey inspections, etc. The developed SWC KPI measurements are used to evaluate the urban water management practices for Busan Eco Delta city, a Semulmeori waterfront area in Gangseo district, Busan. The evaluation and scoring process was presented and established, serving as the basis for the application of the smart water city certification all over the world. The established guideline will be used to analyze future cities, providing integrated and comprehensive information on the status of their urban water cycle, gathering new techniques and proposing solutions for smarter measures.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.705-717
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• 2020

세계의 도시들은 빅데이터, 사물인터넷 등 정보통신기술을 이용해 도시의 많은 문제들을 해결하므로 지속가능한 행복도시를 만들고자 스마트시티 개발을 서두르고 있다. 하지만 국내 스마트시티와 스마트도시인증제도에서는 플랫폼 위주의 하드웨어 인프라에 초점을 두고 정보보안 측면을 우선적으로 고려하여 구축·인증하고 있다. 스마트시티 운영을 위한 개인정보보호 측면의 정책연구를 통하여 개인정보가 포함된 빅데이터의 유출 위험에 대한 대응 체계가 필요한 상황인 것이다. 본 논문에서는 스마트시티 속 개인정보의 종류와 스마트시티 구축 및 운영에 따른 문제점 및 현행 스마트도시법과 개인정보보호 관리체계의 한계점을 분석한다. 해결방안으로 스마트시티 분야 개인정보보호 관리체계 모델을 제시하고, 이를 통한 개인정보보호 강화방안에 대하여 제안해 보고자 한다. 본 논문의 관리체계 모델을 국가 스마트시티 시범도시와 실증도시, CCTV 통합 관제센터에 적용·운영하므로 시민들의 개인정보를 안전하게 관리할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.704-714
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• 1997

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the operation and the environment of foodservice in elementary schools nationwide. A questionnaire about foodservice management to practice and foodservice operation was mailed to dietitians of each school . Of the 1, 416 schools that participated in this survey, 388 schools were selected for analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. More schools in small cities . Education levels of dietitians were significantly different from area to area. Mean total length of employment for dietitians at school foodservice was 4.7 years and varied significantly by area and the type of foodservice system. Foodservice has been operated for 2-5 years in most of schools. Schools in large cities served more people than those in small cities and rural areas. Also , schools adapting conventional foodservice system served more people than those adapting commissary or joint management system. Foodservice expense also veried significantly by area and foodservice systems. Mean foodservice expense per meal were significantly higher in schools adapting commissary system than those adapting other systems. Most schools employed dietitians, cooks, and assistant cooks, but not engineers not drivers. Mothers of students were working voluntarily. The degree of participation by mothers in cooking , serving , and cleaning was higher in schools of small cities and rural areas than those in large cities, in schools adapting commissary or joint management system than those adapting conventional system. Education and training ranked as personnel management had one of the hardest tasks. Education and training of employees were also difficult for dietitians, especially in commissary or joint management systems. Percentage of schools having separate lunchroom was higher in small cities rural areas than in large cities, in joint management or commissary system than conventional system. Most difficult matters in serving was the portion control. Over 40% of schools did not use standard recipes. Menu cycles were shorter in schools in small cities and rural areas which adapted the joint management system than area other schools. Except refrigerators, thermos , display racks, sterilizers, sinks, worktables, and table, all other equipment were insufficient in most of schools. More than half of the schools didn't have rice cookers, flatware racks, and distributing carts which are stated plainly in detailed enforcement regulations for school foodservice. Cooking equipments were described as the most needed by dietians. According to the results of this survey, many and urgent problems need to be addressed improve the quality of school foodservice . Lunchroom setups, effective personnel management and expenses, recipes standardization, serving size control and regular checking and repairing of equipments are all problems to be addressed.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-136
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• 2013

최근 우리나라에 기항하는 국제해양크루즈가 급증하면서 크루즈관광 활성화에 대한 정부와 지자체의 관심이 고조되고 있으나, 우리나라의 크루즈관광 정책과 시설확충 계획은 부산, 인천, 제주 등 크루즈 기항실적이 많은 도시의 거점항 위주로 이루어지는 경향이 있다. 하지만 연근해를 대표하는 중소해양도시의 지역항도 크루즈관광 매력을 갖추고 크루즈 유치를 위해 노력하고 있으므로 이들 도시의 크루즈관광 활성화를 위한 지원도 필요하다. 본 연구는 우리나라 중소해양도시의 크루즈관광 여건을 살펴보고 중소해양도시의 크루즈관광 활성화 방안을 모색하였다. 그리고 이를 토대로 항만 서비스, 교통 접근성과 도시 편의성, 관광활동 지원 분야에 대한 개선방안과 이를 위한 공공과 민간 등의 역할을 제시하였다. 사례연구 지역으로 전라남도 여수시를 선정하여 중소해양도시의 여건과 개선방안, 그리고 거점항과의 차이를 분석하였다. 크루즈 기항항이 되기 위해서는 거점항과 지역항의 차이가 없이 크루즈관광과 관련된 전 분야에서 많은 개선 노력이 이루어져야 한다. 특히 중소해양도시에 속한 지역항은 모항으로 성장할 가능성이 낮기 때문에 기항항으로 선정되는데 초점을 둔 정책과 관광 프로그램 개발이 추진되어야 한다.

• 지역연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.3-17
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• 2017

본 연구는 Oxford Economics에서 제공하는 Global Cities Forecast 자료(2013)를 이용하여 한국의 7대 광역시를 포함한 전 세계 주요도시의 경쟁력지수 및 분배지수를 산출하고 그 종합순위를 정리하였다. 도시경쟁력지수는 규모지표, 비율지표, 성장률지표 등 총 18개 경제관련 지표를 선택하였고, 분배지수로서 지니계수를 이용하였다. 경쟁력지수와 지니계수 간의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 LOGIT 회귀모형을 이용하여 분석하였으며 추정결과 소득불평등(지니계수) 증가는 5년 시차로 볼 때 도시경쟁력지수 또한 경제성장률 변화에 음(-)의 영향을 미치고 있으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 지니계수가 높을수록 도시경쟁력에 부정적으로 영향을 미친다는 추정결과에 따라 도시경쟁력지수에 분배지수를 포함시켜 총 19개 지표로 세계주요 도시 및 국내 7대 광역시의 글로벌 도시경쟁력 위상을 정리하였다. 2012년 실질가치 기준으로 계산된 서울의 도시 종합경쟁력 순위는 2010년 세계 59위, 2015년 세계 74위, 2030년에는 세계 185위로 급격히 하락하는 것으로 나타나고 있으며 나머지 6대 광역시의 종합경쟁력지수도 모두 하락하는 것으로 나타났다. 도시경쟁력 하락은 장기적으로 국가경쟁력 하락을 의미하므로 도시경쟁력 확보를 위한 문제점 진단과 전략적 방안의 강구가 절실히 요구된다.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Cities will soon host two third of the population worldwide, and already today 80% of the world energy is used in the 20 largest cities. Urban areas create 80% of the greenhouse gas emission, so we should take care that urban areas are smart and sustainable as implementations have especially here the greatest impact. Smart Cities (SC) or Smart Sustainable Cities (SSC) are the actual concepts that describe methodologies how cities can handle the high density of citizens, efficiency of energy use, better quality of life indicators, high attractiveness for foreign investments, high attractiveness for people from abroad and many other critical improvements in a shifting environment. But if we talk about Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Innovation, we do not see a lot of literature covering this topic within those SC/SSC concepts. It seems that 'Smart' implies that all is embedded, or isn't it properly covered as brick stone of SC/SSC concepts, as they are handled in another 'responsibility silo', meaning that the policy implementation of a Science and Technology Park (STP) is handled in another governing body than SC/SSC developments. If this is true, we will obviously miss a lot of synergy effects and economies of scale effects. Effects that we could have in case we stop the siloed approaches of STPs by following a more holistic concept of a Smart Sustainable City, covering also a continuous flow of innovation into the city, without necessarily always depend on large corporate SSC solutions. We try to argue that every SSC should integrate SP/STP concepts or better their features and services into their methodology. The very limited interconnectivity between these concepts within the governance models limits opportunities and performance in both systems. Redesigning the architecture of the governance models and accepting that we have to design a system-of-systems would support the possible technology flow for smart city technologies, it could support testbed functionalities and the public-private partnership approach with embedded business models. The challenge is of course in complex governance and integration, as we often face siloed approaches. But real SSC are smart as they are connecting all those unconnected siloes of stakeholders and technologies that are not yet interoperable. We should not necessarily follow anymore old greenfield approaches neither in SSCs nor in SP and STP concepts from the '80s that don't fit anymore, being replaced by holistic sustainability concepts that we have to implement in any new or revised SSC concepts. There are new demands for each SP/STP being in or close to an SC/SCC as they have a continuous demand for feeding the technology base and the application layer and should also act as testbeds. In our understanding, a big part of STP inputs and outputs are still needed, but in a revised and extended format. We know that most of the SC/STP studies claim the impact is still far from understood and often debated, therefore we must transform the concepts where SC/STPs are not own 'cities', but where they act as technology source and testbed for industry and new SSC business models, being part of the SC/STP concept and governance from the beginning.