• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 2013

PURPOSE. Perceived color of ceramics changes by the spectral power distribution of ambient light. This study aimed to quantify the amount of shifts in color and color coordinates of clinically simulated seven all-ceramics due to the switch of three ambient light sources using a human vision simulating spectroradiometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. CIE color coordinates, such as $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$, of ceramic specimens were measured under three light sources, which simulate the CIE standard illuminant D65 (daylight), A (incandescent lamp), and F9 (fluorescent lamp). Shifts in color and color coordinate by the switch of lights were determined. Influence of the switched light (D65 to A, or D65 to F9), shade of veneer ceramics (A2 or A3), and brand of ceramics on the shifts was analyzed by a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS. Shifts in color and color coordinates were influenced by three factors (P<.05). Color shifts by the switch to A were in the range of 5.9 to 7.7 ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ units, and those by the switch to F9 were 7.7 to 10.2; all of which were unacceptable (${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ > 5.5). When switched to A, CIE $a^*$ increased (${\Delta}a^*$: 5.6 to 7.6), however, CIE $b^*$ increased (${\Delta}b^*$: 4.9 to 7.8) when switched to F9. CONCLUSION. Clinically simulated ceramics demonstrated clinically unacceptable color shifts according to the switches in ambient lights based on spectroradiometric readings. Therefore, shade matching and compatibility evaluation should be performed considering ambient lighting conditions and should be done under most relevant lighting condition.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.626-633
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• 2010

This study examined the relationship between meat color and myoglobin content, and evaluated their influence on muscle fiber characteristics and overall pork quality. Four groups of pigs were classified by lightness (CIE $L^*$) and redness (CIE $a^*$): HH, high lightness and high redness; HL, high lightness and low redness; LH, low lightness and high redness; LL, low lightness and low redness. Myoglobin content ranged from 1.2 mg/g to 2.1 mg/g, and was highest in the LH group and lowest in the LL group (p<0.05). Myoglobin content correlated significantly with redness (CIE $a^*$) (r = 0.45, p<0.01). Fiber compositions of type I and IIA were closely related to lightness and redness. Pork with higher sizes of type IIA and IIB fibers had lower lightness and redness, respectively, which was tougher than the other pork. Pork having the highest lightness and lowest redness, often considered "pale", has higher values in drip loss than the other classes of pork tested.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

KH University has developed a large sky simulator which is its scale suits international standard. To verify the reliability of the sky simulator, the luminance of 36 points on the inner sky surface was measured and compared with the CIE standard overcast sky model. It was found that the sky simulator can reproduce the CIE standard overcast sky condition with 1.8[%] of mean difference. To identify the differences of daylighting performance, scale model measurements were taken under a real sky and in a sky simulator. Under overcast sky conditions, two kinds of scale model experiments were conducted by using the photometric sensor Li-cor. Firstly, a 1/20 scale model of a side-lit office room 4.9[m] wide, 7.2[m] long, and 2.6[m] high was created. Five measurement points were set at 1.2[m], 2.4[m], 3.6[m], 4.8[m], and 6.0[m] from the window. The mean difference of the light factor between the sky simulator and real sky was 7.1[%]. Secondly, a 1/30 scale model of a top-lit atrium 15[m] wide, 15[m] long, and 15[m] high was created. The measurement point was set at center of the room and the well indexes of the model were set in 5 types. The mean difference of the light factor between the sky simulator and real sky was 1.7[%]. This proved that the sky simulator is fully accurate and usable for daylighting research.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권4B호
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• pp.630-636
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• 2010

얼굴에서 병색을 찾는 한의학의 망진 분야는 아직도 임상의의 주관적인 판단에 의해 진단이 행해지고 있다. 이 를 위해 본 논문에서는 찰색 분야에 대한 정량화, 객관화 작업을 행하고자 한다. 특히 그 간 찰색에 대한 연구 중 가장 큰 문제로 지적 되어온 다양한 환경에서의 색채현성 확보의 어려움 그리고 질환과 찰색간의 유의성 입증을 위한 질환자와 정상인간의 색 분석의 난점을 해결하고자 한다. 즉, 객관성 있는 색 재현 및 색 분석 결과를 얻기 위해 기존의 색 분석 방식이 아닌 새로운 색 분석 방식을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 CIE Lab색 체계를 적용하여 색 분석을 행하고 안면의 각 부위와의 색차를 구하여 이를 정상인과 질환자군의 비교 분석을 실시하여 기존 방법들의 단점을 극복하고자 한다. 연구는 실험 대상자를 정상인과 신장 질환자로 구분하여 자료를 수집하여 분류 하였으며 특히 신장질환을 중심으로 실험을 수행하였다. 끝으로 실험 결과의 분석 및 비교를 통하여 자료 수집 환경에 관계없이 얼굴 각 부위에 대해 색차를 통한 질환 진단의 유효성을 입증 하고자 한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 1998

The two hundreds and twenty two pork carcasses from commercial breed were tested to compare technical quality characteristics and relationships with meat quality parameters between PSE and normal pork classified buy 24hr postmortem conductivity($C_u$). In characteristics of PSE and normal pork by $C_u$ value, highly significant differences were found in NPPC color scale and CIE L*(p＜0.001), moderately significant differences in $C_3$ and cooking loss(p＜0.01), and significant differences were in $C_6$, CIE b*, WHC and juiciness(p＜0.05). In correlation coefficients between $C_u$ and other meat quality determining factors, $C_u$ was poorly related with $pH_1$($R^2$=0.28, p<0.001), CIE a*($R^2$=0.14, p＜0.05), b*($R^2$=0.28, p＜0.01) and cooking loss($R^2$=0.26, p＜0.01). Also, relatively low correlation coefficients were observed in $pH_u$($R^2$=0.32, p＜0.001), WHC($R^2$=0.39, p＜0.001) and juiciness($R^2$=0.41, p＜0.001). Moderately high coefficients were found in NPPC color scale($R^2$=0.59, p＜0.001) and CIE L*($R^2$=0.58, p＜0.001).

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1988

양식어류의 세균성 질병의 신속한 진단을 위하여 틸라피아(O. niloticus)로부터 분리된 $\beta$용혈성 연쇄구균인 Streptococcus sp. KST-2균주를 사용하여 면역효소법으로 검출실험을 하였으며, 면역효소법의 현장사용의 용이함과 검출의 민감도를 알아보기 위하여 counterimmunoelectrophoresis(CIE), 및 이중면역확산법등과 비교하여 보았다. 다른 어류 병원균과의 교차반응 결과 교차반응이 전혀 일어나지 않는 것으로 보아 이 방법은 $\beta$용혈성 연쇄구균(KST-2균주)에 매우 특이적임을 알 수 있었다. 연쇄구균의 검출실험한 결과 면역효소법은 $1{\times}10^3CFU/ml$의 농도까지 검출가능하였으며, 검출의 민감성이 CIE에 비해 $10^2$배, 이중면역확산법에 비해 $10^4$배나 높은 것으로 나타났다. 면역효소법은 이번 연구에서 사용된 진단법 중에서 현장사용이 가장 용이하며, 민감성이 가장 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.831-843
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• 2020

This study investigated the potential for using vegetable powders as a natural replacement for sodium nitrite and their effects on the physicochemical characteristics of alternatively cured pork products. We analyzed pork products subjected to four treatments: control (0.015% sodium nitrite), Chinese cabbabe powder (CCP) treatment (0.4% Chinese cabbage powder), radish powder (RP) treatment (0.4% radish powder), and spinach powder (SP) treatment (0.4% spinach powder). Among the vegetable powders prepared in this study, SP had the highest (p<0.05) nitrate content, while CCP had the lowest (p<0.05). The cooking yields from these treatments were not significantly different from each other. However, the products with vegetable powders had higher (p<0.05) pH and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values than the control. Pork products with vegetable powders also showed lower CIE L^⁎ values and higher CIE b^⁎ values than the nitrite-added control. RP treatment had similar (p>0.05) CIE a^⁎ values to the control, while SP treatment had the lowest (p<0.05) CIE a^⁎ values. The residual nitrite content was lower (p<0.05) in the vegetable powder added pork products than in the control, although nitrosyl hemochrome and total pigment contents in the CCP and RP treatments were similar (p>0.05) to those in the control. The control, CCP, and RP treatments showed curing efficiencies greater than 80%, indicating that CCP and RP would be promising potential replacements for sodium nitrite. The results of this study suggest that RP may be a suitable natural replacement for sodium nitrite to produce alternatively cured meat products, compared to other leafy vegetable powders.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

We studied white tandem organic light-emitting diodes using red and blue fluorescent materials. White 2 units tandem OLEDs were fabricated using $Alq_3$:Rubrene (3 vol.% 5 nm) and SH-1 : BD-2 (3 vol.% 25 nm) as emitting layer (EML). The device with $Alq_3$ : Rubrene (3 vol.% 5 nm) / SH-1 : BD-2 (3 vol.% 25 nm) showed yellowish white emission with a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.442, 0.473) at $1,000cd/m^2$, and variation of CIE coordinates was low with ($0.44{\pm}0.002$, $0.472{\pm}0.001$) from 500 to $3,000cd/m^2$. White 3 units tandem OLEDs were fabricated by additory stacking the blue or white layer as EML. CIE coordinates of 3 units tandem OLEDs with stacked blue and white layer was low variation of ($0.293{\pm}0.008$, $0.36{\pm}0.005$) and ($0.412{\pm}0.002$, $0.423{\pm}0.001$) from 500 to $3,000cd/m^2$, respectively. Our findings suggest that stacked OLED was possible to controlling CIE coordinates and producing excellent color stability.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 도심상업지역의 조도실태를 조사하여, CIE 조명환경구역 규정이 국내에 적용 가능한가를 검토하는 것이다. 현장조사를 통하여 도심상업지역 보행자 도로의 수평면 조도와 수직면 조도를 측정하였고, 조명환경에 대한 보행자의 만족도를 조사하기 위하여 설문을 실시하였다. 조사가 이루어진 장소는 모두 4곳으로 보행자 도로의 조명상태와 야간의 보행자 수가 각각 다른 곳이었다. 조도측정 결과 인구유동 및 조명상태에 따라 조도값이 차이를 보이고 있었으며, 설문조사 결과 보행자도로의 조도가 보행자의 조명환경 만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 CIE 조명환경구역의 조도 규정은 국내 도심상업지역에 적용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.835-840
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• 2003

NPPC 육색기준에 의한 PSE육과 정상육의 pH$_1$ 및 pH$_{u}$ 특성은 기준 전구간에서 유의한 차이가(p〈0.05)가 있었으며 중증 PSE, 경증 PSE, 정상육 및 경증 DFD 순으로 낮게 나타났으나, pH$_3$와 pH$_6$는 중증 PSE에서 정상육의 구간에서는 유의한 차이가 없었고 경중 DFD에서만 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있었다. 따라서 NPPC 육색기준에 의한 pH특성은 pH 측정시간에 따라 달라지는 것으로 사료되었다. CIE L$^{*}$은 중증 PSE에서 경증 DFD로 변화함에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으며 측정부위에 관계없이 NPPC기준 전구간에서 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있었다. CIE a$^{*}$값은 제4~5늑골 직상부의 LD 근육절단면에서는 중증, 경증 PSE, 정상육과 경증 DFD간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)가 있으나 마지막 요추부위 절단면에서는 전구간에서 차이가 없었다. CIE b$^{*}$값은 제4~5늑골 직상부에서는 중증, 경증 PSE, 정상육과 경증 DFD 간에 유의한(p〈0.05) 결과를 나타내었다. 마지막 요추에서는 중증 PSE와 정상육 및 경증 DFD에서 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있어 측정위치에 따라 색차값의 특징이 달랐다. 보수성 및 가열감량은 NPPC 기준 전 구간에서 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있었다. 관능특성 중 다즙성은 중.경증 PSE와 정상육, 경증 DFD에서 유의한(p〈0.05) 차이가 있었고 연도와 향미에서는 차이가 없었다. NPPC 육색기준과 CIE L$^{*}$, 보수성, Cu 및 pH$^{u}$와의 단순회귀 상관계수(R$^2$)는 각각 0.77, 0.66, 0.59 및 0.54였다.