• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.494-512
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• 2022

Hair toners containing polyphenol or Vitamin B5 were investigated according to their recovering effects on hair damaged by bleaching. Surface morphology, CIE L*a*b* values, and tensile properties of hair were measured. The amount of protein leaking from hair was investigated using the Bradford protein assay. The amino acid composition of hair was examined using the HPLC instrument. Hair became severely damaged after bleaching, showing cuticle structure with surface melt down and rolled up tip, a decrease in tensile strength, an increase in protein leak, and an increase in the proportion of cysteic acid. When bleached hair was treated with the two types of hair toner, positive effects were seen in the recovery of cuticle structure and retention of bleached color, an increase in tensile strength, a decrease in protein leak up to certain days, and an increase in the retention of protein examined by the HPLC analysis of amino acids. Hair treated with B5 toner showed better effects on the increase of tensile strength compared to the hair treated with PP toner. Hair treated with PP toner showed better retention of color, less protein leak, and a lower proportion of cysteic acid compared to the hair treated with B5 toner.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of dietary lysine and gamma-linolenic acid(GLA) levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in finishing pigs. Pigs were provided with feed containing two different levels of lysine(0.45% and 0.75%) with three different levels of gamma-linolenic acid(0.0, 0.3, and 0.6%). Average daily gain(ADG) was significantly lower (p<0.01) in pigs provided with the lower level of lysine. In contrast, feed/gain(p<0.01), diet cost/gain(p<0.05), and intramuscular fat(p<0.01) were all significantly higher in pigs fed the lower level of lysine. Similarly, meat color scores(CIE L*, a*, and b*) and cooking loss were significantly higher(p<0.01) in pigs fed the lower level of lysine, whereas shear force(kg/2.5 inch2)was not affected by dietary lysine. The addition of GLA had no significant effect on any of the parameters measured. The results indicate that providing pigs with 0.45% lysine in their diet may help to increase intramuscular fat content, allowing the industry to produce pork products that meet consumer needs in Korea.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.131-132
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• 2023

Recently, the construction industry has seen the emergence of interior and exterior finishes using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) and colored concrete products using precast concrete (PC). However, the excessive amount of pigment used for coloring reduces the strength of the concrete. There is a need to improve the durability and chromaticity of colored concrete, and further analytical studies on the properties of colored concrete are also required. Therefore, in this paper, colored ultra-high strength cement composites (C-UHSCC) containing red and green inorganic pigments were prepared, and the compressive strength and color of the specimens were measured according to the age, and the correlation between strength and color was analyzed by simple linear regression analysis using R² value. The results showed that the red color was highly correlated with L^* and a^*, and the green color was highly correlated with a^*. These results can be considered for various concrete formulations, but research is needed to suggest the optimal pigment mixing ratio for proper strength and color development.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2024

The present study investigated the digital color characteristics corresponding to different maturity stages and maturation levels of white croaker Pennahia argentatus specimens collected from the Southern Sea of South Korea. Maturity stages were determined using photomicrographs depicting ovarian developmental phases and compared with digital color values. The specimens ranged in body length from 21-36 cm, with mature ovaries observed within the 24-30 cm length range. To differentiate the maturing, mature, spawning, and post-spawning stages of the gonads, boundary lines were established based on specific coordinates. For the ovaries, a dividing line was drawn through (-10, -10) and (15, 5), described by the equation Y=3/5X-4; while for the testes, the line passed through (20, 0) and (0, 15), indicated by the equation Y=-3/4X+15. However, the visual determination of the maturity stages proved challenging due to overlapping color values. Consequently, this study underscores the efficacy of employing digital color measurements over subjective visual assessments to evaluate the maturity of white croaker gonads and offers more quantitative insights.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

The underwater color environment was assessed by conducting color calculations based on underwater spectral irradiance measurements at various depths. Changes in the distribution of underwater spectral irradiance values between 1 and 3 m, exhibited similar trends in areas Stn. 1, 5, and 6. Likewise, changes between 5 and 20 m displayed comparable patterns in areas Stn. 1, 2, 4, and 6. Color values for each observed area fell between 0.14 and 0.26 (x-values) and 0.2 and 0.36 (y-values), with the y-values exhibiting a variation 1-3 times greater than the x-values. Color a_* and b_* values ranged from a maximum of -17 and -6 to a minimum of -63 and -30, respectively. By classifying fishing grounds based on observed variations, Stn. 1, 9, Stn. 2, 3, Stn. 7, 8 and Stn. 4, 5, 6 were grouped independently. Particularly, Stn. 5, 6, 7, and 8 were categorized into distinct groups that could be visually differentiated, especially when considering the significant changes in color a_* as the water depth increased from 10 to 20 m. Tokyo Bay were classified into different color groups, and Wakayama Prefecture offshore was classified into the same color group as the surveyed fishing grounds.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2024

PURPOSE. To evaluate the metameric disparities among monolithic zirconia materials with differing yttrium compositions across various lighting conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six square-shaped zirconia samples measuring 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm were prepared from monolithic zirconia materials with three different yttrium contents. A 0.2 mm thick layer of polymerized dual-polymerizable self-adhesive resin cement was created using a silicone mold with the same dimensions as the prepared zirconia specimens. To evaluate metamerism, color measurements were conducted using a spectrophotometer device on a neutral gray background in a color measurement cabinet that offers four different illumination environments. All samples underwent aging by subjecting them to 10000 thermal cycles using a thermal cycle tester. Following thermal aging, color measurements were taken once more, and the data were recorded using the CIE L^*, a^*, b^* color system. Two-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Bonferroni tests were employed to analyze the data. RESULTS. It was observed that there was no statistical difference among the color measurements made in different illumination environments of the monolithic zirconia ceramics used to evaluate metamerism (P > .05). This observation remained consistent both before and after thermal aging. After thermal aging, the color of monolithic zirconia materials exhibited a tendency towards red and yellow hues, accompanied by a decrease in brightness levels. CONCLUSION. It can be stated that different illumination conditions did not affect the metamerism of monolithic zirconia materials, but there was a color change in monolithic zirconia materials after a thermal aging period equivalent to one year.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2010

본 연구는 수소 및 거세우(24-30개월) 15두(각 육질등급별 3두씩)를 공시축으로 이용하여 우육의 부위(목심, 채끝, 우둔, 양지머리, 등심)에 따른 육질등급($1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1, 2, 3)별 일반성분, pH, 육색, 보수력, 가열감량, 콜레스테롤 및 트랜스지방산 함량을 조사하였다. 일반성분에서 단백질함량은 16.66-22.64% 범위고 수분함량은 57.40-75.69% 범위 였으며 지방함량은 0.61-24.74%로 나타났다. 육질등급별 단백질함량은 $1^{++}$등급 목심, 채끝, 양지머리, 등심부위가 16.66-19.26%범위로 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 나타난 반면에 3등급에서는 21.50-22.48%로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 수분함량은 3등급이 다른 육질등급에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면에 지방함량은 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). pH는 5.49-5.88범위로 $1^+$등급 목심(5.61)과 채끝(5.51)이 3등급 목심(5.88), 채끝(5.92)부위보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타난 반면에 우둔과 양지머리 및 등심부위에서는 육질등급 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지않았다(p>0.05). $L^*$은 $1^{++}$ 등급육이 38.52-42.69범위로 3등급육(33.02-36.08)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). $1^{++}$, 2등급 등심의 $L^*$은 각각 42.69, 40.15로 우둔부위(38.52, 35.42)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). $a^*$은 3등급 채끝(15.36)과 등심부위(18.48)가 1등급 채끝과 등심부위(23.35, 28.11)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 보수력은 등급 또는 부위에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 가열감량은 $1^{++}$ 등급 등심부위(22.21)가 3등급(27.67%)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.05) $1^{++}$, $1^+$, 1 등급 우둔과 양지머리부위가 28.98-31.39% 범위로 채끝과 등심부위(22.21-24.81%)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량(mg/100 g)은 $1^{++}$(41.26), $1^+$(43.23), 1등급(48.63) 등심이 2(36.02), 3등급(29.84)보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타냈으며(p<0.05) $1^+$(43.23), 1등급 등심(48.63)이 $1^+$, 1등급 우둔부위(36.64, 35.39)보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 트랜스지방산 함량은 1.08-2.62% 범위로 3등급이 다른 육질등급에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 결과는 한우의 육질등급별로 일반성분 및 콜레스테롤과 트랜스지방산 함량에 대한 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.706-711
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• 2009

This study was carried out to compare the growth performance and quality properties of pork from finishing pigs fed different levels of betaine. A total 120 female pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were fed either a control commercial diet or the control diet supplemented with 2, 4 and 6% betaine for 31 days. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the 2% diet was lower than of the other treatment groups. The average daily gain (ADG) for pigs fed betaine diets was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with nonsupplemented diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of pigs fed betaine diets was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared with nonsupplemented diets. pH of loin and ham samples were not significantly different between dietary groups, whereas CIE a* (redness) of pork loin was increased by dietary betaine. Also, the shear force value of loin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in pigs given dietary betaine compared with non-supplemented diets, but no significant differences were found in cooking loss by the loin among diets with different levels of betaine (p>0.05). Dietary supplementation with betaine decreased total cholesterol concentrations in blood, and increased saturated fatty acid and decreased unsaturated fatty acid levels in muscle. Pigs supplemented with betaine had increased betaine concentrations in the loin muscle. It was concluded that dietary betaine supplementation of finishing pigs can improve growth performance and reduce blood cholesterol concentrations. It was also concluded that dietary betaine produced detectable betaine concentrations in the lion muscle.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

필름 스캐너는 기존의 광학 필름으로부터 고해상도와 고화질의 디지털 영상을 취득할 수 있는 입력 장치로, 최근 인쇄 및 편집 전문가들의 사용이 증대되고 있다. 그러나 광원 및 센서의 비선형적 특성으로 인해 원 필름 영상의 컬러와 스캔된 영상의 컬러가 일치하지 않는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 필름 스캐너에서는 스캔된 디지털 영상에 대한 색 보정이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 스캔된 RGB 색공간의 데이터를 L$^{*}$ /a$^{*}$ /b$^{*}$ 색 공간으로 변환한 후 역전파 신경회로망을 이용하여 색 보정한다. 또한 TMS320C32 DSP 칩과 고해상도 라인 센서를 사용하여 R, G, B 각각 12 비트의 색분해도와 2400 dpi 급의 해상도를 갖는 필름 스캐너로 직접 구현하여 색 보정의 검증을 하였으며, 역 전파 신경망에 적용한 결과 평균 색 보정률이 79.8%로, 기존의 다항회귀법보다 43.5% 성능이 개선된 결과이다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.396-402
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• 2009

Tantalum nitrides ($Ta_3N_5$) have been developed to substitute the Cd based pigments for non-toxic red pigment. Various doping elements were doped to reduce the amount of high price Tantalum element used and preserve the red color tonality. Doping elements were added in the synthesizing process of precursor of amorphous tantalum oxides and then Tantalum nitrides doped with various elements were obtained by ammonolysis process. The average particle size of final nitrides with secondary phases was larger than the nitride without the secondary phases. Also secondary phases reduced the red color tonality of final products. On the other hand, final nitrides without secondary phase had orthorhombic crystal system and presented good red color. In other words, in the case of nitrides without secondary phases, doping elements made a solid solution of tantalum nitride. In this context, doping process controlled the ionic state of nitrides and the amount of oxygen/nitrogen in final nitrides affected the color tonality.