• Korean Architects
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• s.611
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• pp.42-47
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• 2020

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.207-223
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• 2013

Practical seismic assessment and design of retrofit for the multitude of small ecclesiastical monuments that abound in the Balkans is the subject of this work. Application of the proposed procedures and methodologies are illustrated in an example case study, a small byzantine church located in Western Greece, which is the region with the highest seismicity in Europe. The church, known as the Fragavilla Monastery, had remained almost undamaged for 800 years, until 1993 when the Pyrgos earthquake caused critical damage mainly in the vaults. Linear elastic analysis to the recorded ground motion, capped by a biaxial failure criterion reproduced the developed damage. The same modelling and analysis procedure was subsequently used for assessment of the intended retrofitting measures. Proposed retrofitting measures included mitigation of the undesirable implications of past interventions along with a combination of strengthening schemes with externally bonded AFRPs strategically placed in the structure. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is gauged by successful reduction of stress intensity in the critical regions and mitigation of stress localization throughout the structure.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.140-148
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• 2002

This Study is concerned with the present condition and prospect of architectural stained glass in Korea. Stained glass had been architectural art from the origin. But it had declined since the Renaissance era, and began to revive in the early 20th century. The stained glass inflowed with church architecture occasionally by the western missionaries. And it has been developed actively since 1980' with the boom in church building. There are about 30 studios which are making stained glass in Korea, but very few studio work true architectural stained glass. Stained glass is still treated as simple decoration or 2-dimensional mosaic. Architect and interior designer even have little understanding of architectural character of stained glass.I have considered the problems and prospected architectural stained glass which inspire modern architecture with human sensitivity in Korea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find the cases of change in the Anglican Church including its rectory in Onsuri, Gangwha island, which was built in Korean traditional architecture style. The materials used for the study were published books, old photos taken before the change, drawings, and field survey. The result are as followings. 1) Painting concealed natural wooden grain should be removed as well as carpet on the wooden floor. The way of ceiling finishing is to be restored as traditional way. 2) Refer to the rectory, it needs to be restored totally, since it has been changed many times through partial renovation. It lacks unification of design in entire elevation, windows and door. The practical spaces such as indoor flush toilet and boiler room are desirable not to be revealed or designed in harmony with other spaces. 3) Stript flooring in the rectory are to be restored to frame flooring, room finishing including vinyl flooring, vinyl wall paper and moulding along the cornice to the traditional paper finish. Lattice patterns of windows and doors are recommended to be restored according to the traditional design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.263-268
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• 2019

This article intends to shed a light on the British architect Arthur S. Dixon (1856-1929). He is largely regarded as a pioneer of the English Art and Craft Movement, yet his works are not widely known nor carefully studied. In search of Dixon's architectural characteristics, this paper examined three notable buildings that he designed at the turn of the nineteenth century; Birmingham Guildhall, St. Andrews church and St. Basil's Church. These buildings were erected relatively early in his career as an architect, although he never fully immersed into the profession due to his commitment in family business management. His architectural design shows unique qualities of Art and Craft movement in terms of use of material, spatial arrangement, techniques, and craftsmanship while employing Romanesque as most relevant historic style for ecclesiastical purposes.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.86-93
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• 2013

Illumination in church building has played an important role in making workship space more suitable for divine service. As time has changed, however, the worship space of Protestantism is no longer somber and reverent, but changing into practical and multipurpose space with bright and colorful image. This study investigates intensity of illumination of worship space during day and night respectively and figures out the change of psychological change of congregation in accordance with brightness and color temperature in worship space in order to find out preference and look into the usage and change of illumination in recent Protestantism in compliance with the needs of the time and influence. Then, result value is to be compared to Korean Standard intensity of illumination. Also, the correlation between intensity of illumination and color temperature by Kruithof's curve theory is used to identify the comfortableness of the worship space during day and nigh. And it is a common task of space designers and pastors to map out the worship space in terms of illumination suitable for its own purpose with even more modern and Korean sensibility and to create spiritual space for worshippers by collecting opinions from congregation, the main user of the space. With appropriate usage of illumination in Protestantism worship space, the atmosphere and purpose of worship can be enhanced.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2015

Liturgical space of Catholic churches should be equal conditions for everyone who wants to participate in the liturgy. However liturgical space is standardized for healthy adults without considering the elderly and the disabled. This study intended to suggest the guidelines required for the construction of Catholic churches from the perspective of universal design for all believers to equally participate in liturgy. The results of the study are as follows. First, as a result of the analysis of the liturgical spaces in six Catholic churches from the perspective of universal design, although the principle of universal design was not appropriately applied to all liturgical spaces of a Catholic church, there were cases where it was appropriately applied in part to each of the Catholic churches. Therefore, this study suggested the examples of exemplary installation by space, which is considered to be the materials that can be referenced and utilized when planning the liturgical spaces in the Catholic churches from the perspective of universal design. Second, the obligations required by the building regulations were installed in six cases, but the application of the universal design was insufficient in other spaces. Therefore, more careful consideration for users is considered necessary during space planning. Third, the construction of Catholic churches should be planned, taking into account the liturgical law; for this purpose, the provision of the guidelines for Catholic architectural planning further than the guidelines for architecture by each diocese is necessary. At this time, the collaboration between the Catholic officials and the architects and designers with knowledge of Catholic doctrine is required.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2004

1"his Study is to make research a Image and Symbol in the Gothic Architecture. Firstly, the concept of the symbol and the image effect are essentially based on the meaning that the activity of consciousness take on the constitution of the symbol. Therefore the image represent the deepest content of human nature has been imagination and reality. Secondly, the symbol concept showed in Gothic Architecture was associated with the passion of the order of middle ages. The world, the cosmos and the history had been revealed in Gothic architecture. In Gothic Image, Emile Male maintained the symbol of the Catholic Church as above mentioned. The Catholic Church was mirror of the natural, the institution, the moral and history, then this passion of the order was a christian order. Especially, E. Panofsky said that the scholastic method was shown in Gothic architecture. He assert that it was especially dialectic method used in theology. That is, he explained the transfiguration of Gothic Architecture with the process of thesis, anti-thesis, synthesis. These symbolize light, magnitude, clearness. Finally, symbolic image is important in Post-Modem architecture at present. Post-Modern architecture is associated with the public and the Pluralism. Post-Modern architecture attempt to communicate as symbolic language among the assumption for diverse aspect of culture.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 2014

This study is regarding the accessibility for the disabled in the catholic churches. The purpose is to check the current condition of the accessibility for the disabled and to suggest the improvement plans targeted at 10 churches located in Yuseong-gu, Daejeon metropolitan city. Especially the current condition of the obligations and recommendations specified in the accessibility enhancement law for the disabled was performed through field investigation. Firstly, the accessibility for the disabled of each church was evaluated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. And then sequential improvement plans divided into three stages were suggested. Above all, the parish, management authority of catholic churches should establish medium and long-term plans besides legal standards. Even though the scope of this research was limited to catholic churches of certain areas, the result of this research is expected to help investigation the current condition of the accessibility for the disabled and to suggest the improvement plans in other catholic churches.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.65-75
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• 2018

This thesis attempts to investigate and analyse the architectural characteristics of catholic churches in Gangwon province built in the 1950s. Catholic churches built at that time in Korea had many similarities basically since they were supported by UN forces after the Korean War and were established by priests connected to the Missionary Society of St. Columban. The results of study are as follows. In location, Except one catholic church, the catholic churches preferred low and gentle hill. In layout axis, catholic churches at Youngseo area preferred the north-south layout axis, whereas those at Youngdong favor the east-west layout axis. In approach, most of catholic churches around the Youngseo and Youngdong areas preferred entering the front entrance with a bell tower, whereas three of them at Youngdong did entering the front entrance with a bell tower around the rear corner. In floor plan, catholic churches at Youngseo preferred symmetry, whereas those at Youngdong preferred asymmetry. And every floor plan of catholic churches is rectangular type with transepts except one semicircular type. In apse shape, catholic churches in the Youngseo area preferred non-extruded types like a straight wall, whereas those in Youngdong have extruded types. Every catholic churches have no crypt under ground except one at Gangreung. Except one at Sokcho, every catholic church in this study has choir space in half story.