• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of heavy metal concentrations in the blood and urine of the general population. This research had been conducted from April to December 2008, studying 545 residents of Daejeon and Chungcheong Province. Through the concentrations of heavy metals(Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Mn) in the biota samples and questionnaires, the residents heavy metal exposure level and the influential factors according to personal characteristics or lifestyle were evaluated. As to the heavy metal concentration in the blood and urine of the comparing region, were As and Mn statistically significant(p<0.01, p<0.05). Blood lead and urinary mercury concentrations were higher in males than females. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased blood mercury. The concentration of all heavy metals were higher in the drinkers than in the non-drinkers. Blood lead and mercury concentrations were higher in the smokers than in the non-smokers, but the urinary cadmium, arsenic and blood manganese was higher in the non-smokers than in the smokers. As to the blood lead and urinary cadmium concentration according to the food preference fish showed high concentration. To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in biota among subjects multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a results, it turned out that as to lead content in blood, sex, age and smoking have influence on the subjects with explanatory adequacy of 14.0 %. These results demonstrated that the factors affected the concentrations of heavy metals in blood and urine. The results of this study could be used as the foundational data for setting the health risk assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand the distribution characteristics of old tree (protected tree) and propose the effective management plan for old tree to make hold a sustained function as natural and cultural resources in rural area. We surveyed 96 old trees at 69 farm villages in Yaesan-gun, South Chungcheong Province. The species of tree was investigated with Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora, Celtis sinensis, and Juniperus cbinensis order. Most of them located at the inside (43.6%) and the entrance (35.1%) of a village, and at mountain slope (31.9%) and alluvial plain (25.3%) in terms of distribution topography. The existing place of pollution source was investigated with 61%, and the pollution sources were blocks, construction materials, cement packings, farm machines and living garbage. The place where the rates of bare ground were more than 50% for the root region of a protection tree was 63%. The tree surgical operation was investigated in 37.5% of protection trees, and 12.5% of protection trees were investigated with a tree surgical operation being immediately. The average score for health condition of old tree at study sites was 18.6 points. A monitoring class was divided by public monitor 59.3%, main monitor 38.5%, and dead tree 2.2% on the basis of that information. Hereafter, we will conduct to promote the management guideline and develope culture contents through additional investigation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.395-402
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• 2007

This paper focused on fading out the factors of design innovation. Based on the previous studies, several factors were extracted to be tested by Delphi method among 15 experts in the design area. Delphi test showed a convergent result after the second round of questioning. Design mind of managers was conceived as the most important factor among those tested. On the base of importance, capability of design company was the second and industrial design demand was the third. Even though design manpower, design infrastructure and innovation network were ranked below the 4th factors, the absolute differences between high ranked factors and low ranked ones were not much wide. So. relatively low ranked factors were not negligible at all to get a desirable success in design innovation. This study provides some insights for the success of design innovation. First of all, design innovation could be achieved only when factors tested on this study upgraded simultaneously together. Desirable effect could not expected by a simple support such as logo design or kind of simple measure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.674-682
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• 2015

RnD Service firms are the innovative company that supports innovation, determines the healthy ecosystem in the high tech business sector. RnD service also brings up a regional innovation through the business ecosystem. This study conducted a case study RnD Service firms leading to the activation of high tech industry. We analyze the role of the RnD Service firms through reports and interviews with corporate managers. We understand the growth process was RnD Service firms, and identify the cost of organizing. RnD Service firms are independent economy, but was also a problem that appears is dependent on universities and research institutions sometimes. When the subject of a regional innovation take place the RnD Service sector, It should be noted that the emergence of innovative business. RnD Service model should not be developed by universities and public institutions, it should be a technology development model that occur between companies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2014

Objectives: Several previous studies have found that healthy behaviors substantially reduce non-communicable disease incidence and mortality. The present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of four modifiable healthy behaviors and a healthy lifestyle among Korean adults according to socio-demographic and regional factors. Methods: We analyzed data from 199 400 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2010 Korean Community Health Survey. We defined a healthy lifestyle as a combination of four modifiable healthy behaviors: non-smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular walking, and a healthy weight. We calculated the prevalence rates and odds ratios of each healthy behavior and healthy lifestyle according to socio-demographic and regional characteristics. Results: The prevalence rates were as follows: non-smoking, 75.0% (53.7% in men, 96.6% in women); moderate alcohol consumption, 88.2% (79.7% in men, 96.9% in women); regular walking, 45.0% (46.2% in men, 43.8% in women); healthy weight, 77.4% (71.3% in men, 73.6% in women); and a healthy lifestyle, 25.5% (16.4% in men, 34.6% in women). The characteristics associated with a low prevalence of healthy lifestyle were male gender, younger age (19 to 44 years of age), low educational attainment, married, living in a rural area, living in the Chungcheong, Youngnam, or Gwangwon-Jeju region, and poorer self-rated health. Conclusions: Further research should be implemented to explore the explainable factors of disparities for socio-demographic and regional characteristics to engage in the healthy lifestyle among adults.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the perception about the popularization of temple food, known as health food and adult disease prevention food as an object of total 248 residents in Youngnam region. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. This study has found out that the advantages of temple food showed the statistical significant difference according to the gender, age, and size of family (p<0.01). The reason 'because of health food' (66.7%) had such high percentage. The necessity of popularization of temple food had big difference according to the gender and age (p<0.01). In addition, this study has shown the statistical significant difference in the cooking form for popularization by age, and future improvement for popularization by age and size of family (p<0.001). And, this study has found out that the 'traditional way as it is' (57.3%) was high in the cooking form, and 'use of various materials' (27.4%) in the improvement. Furthermore, the necessity of using meat for temple food had significant difference according to the gender and age, and 'need' (33.9%) showed rather higher tendency. The necessity of using osinchae, five forbidden pungent roots like garlic, green onions, Korean leeks, wild chives, and asafetida had significant difference according to the gender, age and size of family (p<0.05, P<0.001). The 'need' (61.3%) was considerably high. Based on the above results, general customers thought that the need for popularization of temple food and use of osinchae was very positive.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.51-57
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• 2015

This study investigated the relationship among stress, hardiness and self-esteem of the middle-aged woman. The move to seek the direction of desirable lifetime-cycle training for middle-aged woman in order to improve the hardiness and self-esteem, decrease the stress of the middle-aged woman. This study was conducted among 200 middle-aged woman living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong region as a correlation research. Data collection period was from April 1, 2015 to April 30. Data were analyzed by t-values, Correlation coefficient using the SPSS Program 18.0. Stress, hardiness and self-esteem of the middle-aged woman showed a correlation between net. Therefore, to improve the middle-aged woman hardiness and self-esteem so that needed to decrease the stress development and application of efficient programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2010

This study aims to identify the impact of the logistics industry on the Korean national economy. To do this, we used a MRIO table provided by the Bank of Korea which includes inter and intra regional relationship of the production and consumption for 6 areas - the Seoul Metropolitan, Gangwon, Chungcheong, Jeonra, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam area, but an original MRIO table was recomposed of 29 sectors focused on logistics industry for the purpose of this study. we analyzed producing-inducing effects, supply-shortage effects and inter-industry linkage effects based on logistics industry by region and industry. As a result, the logistics industry has more supply-shortage effect rather than production-inducing effect and has a higher ripple effect on the automotive in Gyeongnam area and petrochemical industry in Jeonra area. In particular, the ripple effect of th Metropolitan logistic industry was far smaller than that of other areas, because the Seoul Metropolitan industry was identified as the primary and middle demand industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.317-323
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to estimate domestic usage amount of insecticide for fruit cultivation to suggest job-exposure matrix(JEM) regarding farmers treating agricultural insecticide. Materials and Methods: The domestic usage amount of insecticide for fruit cultivation was investigated according to two research methods. The former method is to use agricultural pesticides published annually from Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA) and the latter method is to apply cultivation area of fruit provided officially from Statistics Korea(SK). Results: It was found that its domestic usage amount has decreased gradually from the first sale to presence(2012). However, there is a significant difference of annual usage trend of insecticide for fruit cultivation between shipments and estimation. The annual usage trends of insecticide for fruit cultivation based on regional classification were different from those based on total aspect. Conclusions: The region which used insecticide for fruit cultivation the most in Korea was as follows: Gyeonsang-do, followed by Jeolla-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeju-do, Seoul/Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do. An averaged ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $980{\pm}186%$, which means that usage amounts of insecticide estimated by shipments are ten times higher than those based on cultivation area.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.277-281
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• 2006

Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) provides biochemical profiles containing overlapping signals from a majority of the compounds that are present when whole cell extracts are analyzed. We attempted to determine the ripeness of strawberry fruit flesh by FT-IR. Fruit ripeness was divided into four developmental stages based on fruit skin color: 'yellow-green', 'pink-green', 'pink', and 'red' stages. Principal component analysis of FT-IR data of inside fruit flesh extracts clustered samples of four different developmental stages into three discrete groups: (1) 'yellow-green' group, (2) 'pink-green' group, and (3) 'pink' and 'red' group. The most remarkable difference between four different developmental stages was found in the carbohydrate fingerprint region $(1,000-1,100cm^{-1})$ of the FT-IR spectrum, indicating that differences in carbohydrate compounds represented the ripeness of strawberry fruit. Overall results indicate that FT-IR in combination with PCA enables discrimination of the ripeness of strawberry fruit flesh.