• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.3
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• pp.59-60
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• 1963

It was prved by the author that : 1. The Smear Method with the buds of mulberry just before sprouting, can be used as one of the best methods in observation of the chromosome number. 2. The chromosome number of the Korean native mulberry is 28 in all (2n=28). 3. Triploid in mulberry can never occur under natural weather condition.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.419-422
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• 2023

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a rare congenital anomaly that is clinically defined by developmental delay and characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, including optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary hormone abnormalities, and midline brain defects. The occurrence of SOD is generally sporadic; however, it can be inherited rarely. Although an association with HESX1, SOX2, and SOX3 mutations has been identified, the detailed etiology is multifactorial and unclear. Here, we present the case of a 7-year-old girl who was clinically diagnosed with SOD and 15q13.3 duplication. Patients with duplication at chromosome 15q13.3 were reported to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia in previous studies. The relationship between SOD and the microduplication of 15q13.3 has not yet been explored. In this study, we suggest that there may be an association between chromosome 15q13.3 microduplication and SOD.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 1990

The karyotypes of Korean Sciunis vulgaris coreas and Tamias sibiricus asiaticus were analyzed by conventional Giemsa staining and C-banding method. The diploid chromosome number (2n) of Sciunis vulgaris coreae 40 consisting of 6 metacentric, 8 submetacentric, 3 subtelocentric and 2 telocentric autosome pairs, submetacentric X and acrocentric or subtelocentric Y chromosome. The arm number (NF) of this species was obtained as 72, excluding the gonosomal arms. Tamias sibiricus asiaticus has a 2n of 38. The karyotype was represented by 3 metacentric, 4 submetacentric, 5 subtelocentric and 6 telocentric autosome paits and 2 sex chromosome. The X chromosome was submetacentric chromosome and the Y was the smallest chromosome with a median. The NF was 60. In S. vulgaris coreae constitutive heterochromatins were observed at the centromeres and telomeres. Constitutive heterochnomatins of T sibiricus asiaticus were primarily observed at the centromeres. These results suggested that non-Robensonian reanagenents and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin played an imporiant role in karyological differentiation of these species.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.179-186
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• 1976

DNA repari synthesis and chromosome aberrations induced by various concentrations of alkylating agents (MMS, MNNG, MMC) in cultured human lymphocytes and HeLa $S_3$ cells were studied to determine the possibility of correlation between these two types of biological phenomena, and the results obtained were as follows: DNA repair synthesis was detected in MMC, MNNG and MMS treated HeLa $S_3$ cells at the concentrations of $3 \\times 10^{-7}M, 1 \\times 10^{-6}M, 5 \\times 10^{-4}M$, respectively. These results indicate that MMC is the most potent mutagen followed by MNNG, and MMS is the least potent among these three types of alkylating agents. MMC and MNNG did not show any significant increases of DNA repair synthesis as dose increased, while MMS did. Chromosome aberrations induced by MMC in human lymphocytes was increased as dose increased, but not chromosome exchanges. MNNG did not induce any significant amount of chromosome aberrations with doses, and exchanges were not observed in MNNG treated cells. MMS, however, induced both chromosome aberrations and exchanges, and their rates were increased as dose increased. These results suggest that DNA repair synthesis induced by these alklating agents may not be directly related to the production of chromosome aberrations and exchanges.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2002

In distributed autonomous robotic systems (DARS), each robot must behave by itself according to its states ad environments, and if necessary, must cooperate with other robots in order to carry out their given tasks. Its most significant merit is that they determine their behavior independently, and cooperate with other robots in order to perform the given tasks. Especially, in DARS, it is essential for each robot to have evolution ability in order to increase the performance of system. In this paper, a schema co-evolutionary algorithm is proposed for the evolution of collective autonomous mobile robots. Each robot exchanges the information, chromosome used in this algorithm, through communication with other robots. Each robot diffuses its chromosome to two or more robots, receives other robot's chromosome and creates new species. Therefore if one robot receives another robot's chromosome, the robot creates new chromosome. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by applying it to cooperative search problem.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 1996

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information on morphological and chromosomal charateristics in the three species of Chinese carps (grass carp; Ctenopharyngodon idellua, bighead carp; Aristichthys nobilis, and silver carp; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) introduced to Korea from China. C. idellua was differ from A. nobilis and H. molitrix by the number of gill rakers, scales, fin rays, body proportion. A. nobilis and H. molitrix were similar in having ventral keel and many scale number, but H. molitrix was differ from A. nobilis by the connected gill rakers and body color pattern. Diploid chromosome and arm number (fundamental number, NF) of the three species were all the same to 2n=48 and NF=84. Diploid chromosome numbers in the three species are consisted of 10 pairs of metacentric chromosome, 8 pairs of submetacentric chromosome and 6 pairs of acro and/ or telocentric chromosome. Morphological and karyological relationship of the three Chinese carps are discussed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 2003

Ring chromosome 21 causes a multitude of phenotypes, ranging from severe abnormalities to normal. The proposed mechanism of ring formation, breakage of both short and long arms of a chromosome with subsequent end to end fusion, remains unproven. We encountered a 4-year-old boy who presented developmental delay, microcephaly, micrognathia, hypertelorism, low-set ears, mild optic nerve hypoplasia, cleft lip and palate, scoliosis and left foot valgus, but normal brain MRI. Chromosome study from peripheral blood showed 46,XY, r(21)(p11.2q22.1) karyotype. The authors report the first case of ring chromosome 21 in Korea with a review of the literature.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.3-9
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• 2003

The task for chromosome analysis and diagnosis by experienced cytogenetists are being concerned as repetitive, time consuming job and expensive. For that reason, intelligent agent based on chromosome knowledge base has been established to be able to analyze chromosomes and obtain necessary advises from the knowledge base instead of human experts. That is to say, knowledge base by IF THEN production rule was implemented to a knowledge domain with normal and abnormal chromosomes, and then the inference results by knowledge base could enter the inference data into the database. Experimental data were composed of normal chromosomes of 2,736 patients 'cases and abnormal chromosomes of 259 patients' cases that have been obtained from GTG-banding metaphase peripheral blood and amniotic fluid samples. The completed intelligent agent for chromosome knowledge base provides variously morphological information by analysis of normal or abnormal chromosomes and it also has the advantage of being able to consult with user on chromosome analysis and diagnosis.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

Chromosome 22 is an acrocentric chromosome containing 500-600 genes, representing 1.5%-2% of the total DNA in cells. It was the first human chromosome to be fully sequenced by the Human Genome Project. Several syndromes involving the partial deletion or duplication of chromosome 22 are well descibed, including 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, 22q11.2 duplication syndrome, 22q11.2 distal deletion syndrome, Phelan-McDermid syndrome caused by a 22q13 deletion or pathogenic variant in SHANK3, and cat-eye syndrome caused by a 22 pter-q11 duplication. This review aims to provide concise information on the clinical characteristics of these syndromes. In particular, the similarities in features among these syndromes, genetic basis, and standard detection techniques are described, providing guidance for diagnosis and genetic counselling.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.436-440
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• 2022

In this study, yeast artificial chromosome Insert (YAC) harboring genes which related xylan metabolism was constructed by using chromosome manipulation technique. For efficient chromosome manipulation, each splitting fragment (DNA module) required for splitting process was prepared and these DNA modules were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YKY164. By two-rounds chromosome splitting, yeast chromosome VII (1,124 kb) was split 887 kb-YAC, 45 kb-mini YAC and 198 kb-YAC and YKY183 strain containing 18 chromosomes was constructed. Splitting efficiency for chromosome manipulation was 50- 78% and expression level of foreign genes on 45 kb-mini YAC and enzyme activity were indistinguishable from that of the YKY164 strain. Furthermore, xylan-degraded products by recombinant enzymes were confirmed and mini-yeast artificial chromosome maintained stable mitotic stability without chromosome loss during 160 generations.