• 제목/요약/키워드: Chromosomal Aberrations

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Lack of Mutagenicity Potential of Periploca sepium Bge. in Bacterial Reverse Mutation (Ames) Test, Chromosomal Aberration and Micronucleus Test in Mice

  • Zhang, Mei-Shu;Bang, In-Seok;Park, Cheol-Beom
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제27권
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    • pp.14.1-14.6
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: The root barks of Periploca sepium Bge. (P. sepium) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for healing wounds and treating rheumatoid arthritis. However, toxicity in high-doses was often diagnosed by the presence of many glycosides. The potential mutagenicity of P. sepium was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: This was examined by the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test using Escherichia coli WP2uvrA and Salmonella typhimurium strains, such as TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537. Chromosomal aberrations were investigated using Chinese hamster lung cells, and the micronucleus test using mice. Results: P. sepium did not induce mutagenicity in the bacterial test or chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells, although metabolic activation and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were seen in the mice bone marrow cells. Conclusions: Considering these results, it is suggested that P. sepium does not have mutagenic potential under the conditions examined in each study.

Second-trimester fetal genetic ultrasonography to detect chromosomal abnormalities

  • Hong, Seong-Yeon
    • Journal of Genetic Medicine
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2014
  • Genetic ultrasonography refers to the evaluation of risk of chromosomal abnormalities via various soft sonographic markers. Although the maternal serum test is the primary screening method for chromosomal abnormalities, genetic ultrasonography is also widely used and can help increase detection rates. To date, many soft markers, including choroid plexus cysts, echogenic intracardiac foci, mild ventriculomegaly, nuchal fold thickening, echogenic bowel, mild pyelectasis, short femur and humerus length, and absent or hypoplastic nasal bone, have been reported. An aberrant right subclavian artery was the most novel soft marker introduced. Because these soft markers involve diverse relative risks of chromosomal abnormalities, it is difficult to apply them to clinical practice. To optimize the efficacy of genetic ultrasonography, it is important to understand the precise relative risks of chromosomal abnormalities innumerous soft markers and integrate these risks with each other and the results of maternal serum screening.

Clinical, Cytogenetic and CYP1A1 exon-1 Gene Mutation Analysis of Beedi Workers in Vellore Region, Tamil Nadu

  • Sundaramoorthy, Rajiv;Srinivasan, Vasanth;Gujar, Jidnyasa;Sen, Ayantika;Sekar, Nishu;Abilash, Valsala Gopalakrishnan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권12호
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    • pp.7555-7560
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    • 2013
  • Background: Beedi rollers are exposed to unburnt tobacco dust through cutaneous and pharyngeal route and it is extremely harmful to the body since it is carcinogenic in nature and can cause cancer during long exposure. This indicates that occupational exposure to tobacco imposes considerable genotoxicity among beedi workers. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 27 beedi workers and age and sex matched controls were enrolled for clinical, cytogenetics and molecular analysis. Clinical features were recorded. The workers were in the age group of 28-67 years and were workers exposure from 8-60 years. Blood samples were collected from workers and control subjects and lymphocyte cultures were carried out by using standard technique, slides were prepared and 50 metaphases were scored for each sample to find the chromosomal abnormalities. For molecular analysis the genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, to screen the variations in gene, the exon 1 of CYP1A1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then screened with Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Results: A statistically significant increase was observed in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in exposed groups when compared to the respective controls and variations observed in Exon 1 of CYP1A1(Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1) gene. Conclusions: This study shows that, the toxicants present in the beedi that enter into human body causes disturbance to normal state and behavior of the chromosomes which results in reshuffling of hereditary material causing chromosomal aberrations and genomic variations.

Chitosan Oligosaccharide Inhibits $^{203}HgCl_2-Induced$ Genotoxicity in Mice: Micronuclei Occurrence and Chromosomal Aberration

  • Yoon Hyun Joong;Park Haeng Soon;Bom Hee-Seung;Roh Young Bok;Kim Jong Se;Kim Young Ho
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제28권9호
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    • pp.1079-1085
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of chitosan oligosaccharide and the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on mercury induced genotoxicity in mice using the micronuclei and chromosome aberration. The micronuclei test was performed by microscopic examination $(\times1,000,\;stained\;using\;a\;May-Grunwald\;solution)$ after administering 0.01, 0.1, and $1\%(10\;mg/mL)$ chitosan oligosaccharide for 7, 60, and 180 days ad libitum in mice. Total micronuclei of 1,000 polychromatic erythrocytes were recorded for each group. There was no difference between the untreated and experimental groups. The intake periods and concentrations of chitosan oligosaccharide did not affect the occurrence of micronuclei in bone marrow cells (P>0.05). The chromosomal aberration test was performed by microscopic examination $({\times}1,000,\;stained\;using\;a\;4\%\;Giemsa\;solution)$ after administering the same concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide to mice, in $F_1,\;F_2,\;F_3$ generations and parents. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was defined as [Ydr=(D+R)/total number of counted lymphocytes]. Similar to the micronuclei test, there was no difference between the untreated and treated groups. These results showed that the intake periods and concentrations of chitosan oligosaccharide did not affect chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells (P>0.05). To investigate the effect of chitosan oligosaccharide on mercury-induced chromosome aberration, mice in each condition were supplied with $^{203}HgCl_2$ and chitosan oligosaccharide ad libitum. Chitosan oligosaccharide significantly inhibited $^{203}HgCl_2-induced$ chromosome aberration in mice. Based on the results of this study, it may be concluded that the chitosan oligosaccharide is a nontoxic material that could be used as a suppressor of heavy metal-induced genotoxicity.

$^{131}I$의 체외 방사선조사에 의한 염색체이상 (Chromosomal Aberrations Induced by in Vitro Irradiation of $^{131}I$)

  • 김은실;김명선;서두선;정내인;노승익;이재용;김종순;한승수;김희근;강덕원;송명재
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 1994
  • 연구배경 : 방사선치료시, 작업장에서 또는 방사선사고시의 방사선에 피폭되었을 때 피폭선량을 정확하게, 가능한한 빨리 추정해 내고 적절한 의료대책을 세우기 위해서는 선량-반응관계의 표준곡선이 요구되어지는데 생물학적 선량측정방법으로는 피폭자의 말초혈액을 배양하여 관찰한 림프구에서 얻은 염색체이상의 빈도로써 피폭선량을 추정하는 방법이 많이 이용되고 있다. 이에 저자등은 갑상선기능항진증 및 갑상선암 환자에서 치료제로 투여되는 $^{131}I$을 체외에서 조사시켜 선량-반응관계의 표준곡선을 얻고 피폭시의 치료 및 추적관찰의 근거를 마련하고자 하였다. 방법 : 최근 3년간 0.01 Gy 이상의 방사선조사를 받은 적이 없는 건강한 사람의 말초혈액을 채취하여 $^{131}I$을 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50Gy의 저선량에서 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00Gy의 고선량이 되도록 체외에서 조사시켜 PHA를 첨가하고 림프구를 배양 관찰하였다. 실험동안에는 빛을 차단하고 $37^{\circ}C$의 체온과 같은 조건을 유지시켰고, 배양된 세포는 현미경 검경하여 dicentric 염색체, ring 염색체 및 acentric fragment 쌍등 불안정 염색체이상의 빈도를 관찰하였다. 결과 방사선조사를 받지 않은 세포에서는 염색체이 상을 관찰할 수 없었다. 관찰한 세포중 dicentric 염색체와 ring 염색체의 빈도로써 나타내는 Ydr값은 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50Gy에서 각각 0.003, 0.004, 0.004, 0.005, 0.005, 0.008이었고, 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00Gy에서는 각각 0.046, 0.057, 0.143, 0.302, 0.389, 0.842, 1.720으로써 선량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, 이상염색체를 가진 림프구내에서의 이상염색체의 빈도인 Qdr값은 0.75Gy이하에서는 모두 1이었고, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00Gy에서는 각각 1.2, 1, 1.04, 1.09, 1.33, 2.53으로써 저선량에서는 차이가 없었다. 위와 같은 선량-반응관계를 비선형 회귀분석 한 결과 방사선량(D)과 염색체이상 빈도(Ydr)와의 관계는 Y=0.064351 $D^2$-0.13143 D+0.045684로 나타나 선량에 따른 염색체 이상의 빈도는 위와 같은 이차함수식으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : $^{131}I$의 방사선량이 증가함에 따라 이상염색체의 빈도는 이차함수식으로 증가하는 표준선량반응곡선을 얻었으므로 피폭선량을 추정하는 근거를 마련하였다.

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同時分裂促進된 사람의 培養細胞에 있어서 染色體의 DNA 合成에 미치는 Steroids의 영향 (Studies on the Effects of Steroids on DNA Synthesis of Chromosmoes in Synchronized Human Cells)

  • 강영선;박상대;류정희
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.85-93
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    • 1969
  • 5-AU에 의해 同時分裂促進된 사람의 胎兒 賢臟細胞를 材料로 steroid 에 의한 染色體 異常率 時間經過에 따른 染色體異常率, DNA 合成樣相을 調査한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 5-AU 處理區에서 細胞當 染色體 異常率은 0.131로 對照區에 比해 3倍 이상이나 된다. 또한 5-AU + progesterone 과 5-AU + testosterone 處理區에서는 細胞當 染色體異常率이 각각 0.340과 0.452이다. 2. 5-AU 處理區에서 異常染色體를 지니는 細胞는 0.8%로 時間變化에 무관하게 전체 其間에 걸쳐 존재한다. 5-AU + progesterone과 5-AU + testosterone 處理區에서는 2.2%, 4.3%의 異常染色體數가 觀察되고, 時間이 지남에 따라 增加한다. 또한 染色體 異常率은 5-AU + progesterone 處理區에서는 12時間과 18時間에 가장 높았고, 5-AU + testosterone 處理區에서는 時間變化에 따라 감소하고 5-AU 處理區에서는 유의한 차이가 없다. 3. 5-AU 는 標識分裂像의 出現頻度와 標識强度를 增加시키는데, 이는 5-AU에 의해 S-stage의 細胞가 축적되는 결과로 생각된다. 그러나 steroid는 標識分裂像의 出現頻度를 감소시키고 DNA 合成時期를 지연시키고 있다. 또한 性染色體의 DNA 合成樣相이 細胞週期의 각 段階에 따라 다르며, 이는 5-AU와 steroid의 二重處理로 DNA 合成時期를 不規則하게 만든 때문이다.

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Chromosome Imbalances and Alterations in the p53 Gene in Uterine Myomas from the Same Family Members: Familial Leiomyomatosis in Turkey

  • Hakverdi, Sibel;Demirhan, Osman;Tunc, Erdal;Inandiklioglu, Nihal;Uslu, Inayet Nur;Gungoren, Arif;Erdem, Duygu;Hakverdi, Ali Ulvi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.651-658
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    • 2013
  • Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are extremely common neoplasms in women of reproductive age, and are associated with a variety of characteristic choromosomal aberrations (CAs). The p53 gene has been reported to play a crucial role in suppressing the growth of a variety of cancer cells. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of CAs and the p53 gene on ULs. We performed cytogenetic analysis by G-banding in 10 cases undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a p53 gene probe was also used on interphase nuclei to screen for deletions. In patients, CAs were found in 23.4% of 500 cells analysed, significantly more frequent than in the control group (p<0.001). In the patients, 76% of the abnormalities were structural aberrations (deletions, translocations and breaks), and only 24% were numerical. Deletions were the most common structural aberration observed in CAs. Among these CAs, specific changes in five loci 1q11, 1q42, 2p23, 5q31 and Xp22 have been found in our patients and these changes were not reported previously in UL. The chromosome breaks were more frequent in cases, from high to low, 1, 2, 6, 9, 3, 5, 10 and 12. Chromosome 22, X, 3, 17 and 18 aneuploidy was observed to be the most frequent among all numerical aberrations. We observed a low frequency of p53 losses (2-11%) in our cases. The increased incidence of autosomal deletions, translocations, chromatid breaks and aneuploidy, could contribute to the progression of the disease along with other chromosomal alterations.

Chinese Hamster Lung 세포를 이용한 염색체이상 시험을 이용한 CP약침의 유전독성평가 (Evaluation of Genotoxicity of CP Pharmacopuncture Using an In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test in Chinese Hamster Lung Cell)

  • 황지혜;정철;구자승
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제34권6호
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    • pp.355-361
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    • 2020
  • This study was designed to assess the toxicity of capsaicin-containing (CP) pharmacopunture using an in vitro chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells. In order to determine the high dose level in the main study of this study, a dose range finding study was conducted first. The high dose was selected at 10.0% of CP pharmacopuncture extract, and then diluted sequentially to produce lower dose levels of 5.00, 2.50, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.313% by applying a geometric ratio of 2. As a result, the cytotoxicity and precipitation of the CP pharmacopuncture as a test substance were not evident at any dose level during short-time treatment with and without metabolic activation and continuous treatment without metabolic activation. Therefore, the dose levels for this study were chosen as 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5%., and the treatment volume was 1.3 mL. In addition, negative and positive controls were set. In main study, the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in CP treated groups was less than 5% in short-time treatment with and without metabolic activation and continuous treatment without metabolic activation. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference when compared to the negative control group. The frequency of cells with structural chromosomal aberrations in the positive control group was more than 10% compared to the negative control group, and it increased statistically significantly. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, CP pharmacopuncture did not show the possibility of causing chromosome aberrations.

두경부 편평상피세포암 세포주의 염색체 이상 분석: 비교유전체보합법과 Array 비교유전체보합법 (Cytogenetic Analysis in Korean Head and Neck Cancer Cell Lines: Comparative Genomic Hybridization(CGH) and Array-CGH)

  • 신유리;박수연;이동욱;김한수;고영민;박현주;정성민
    • 대한두경부종양학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 2008
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) is notorious for its poor outcome and increasing incidence. But, the studies of cytogenetic analysis in HNSCC are relatively rare, because of difficulties in culturing solid tumor cells and complexity in chromosomal DNA abberations associated with the lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the location of chromosomal aberrations in Korean HNSCC cell lines (SNU-1041, 1066, and 1076) with comparative genomic hybridization(CGH) and array based CGH(array-CGH). Chromosomal gains of 3q23-q27, 5p13-p15.3, 7p21-pter, 8q11.2-q12, 8q21.1-qter, 9q22-q34, 16q22-q24, and 20q11.2-qter, as well as chromosomal losses on 3p10-p14 were found in all 3 SNU cell lines. Losses on 3p15- p23, 4q22-q27, 4q31.3-qter, 6q14-q15, 7q31-q34, 8p12-pter, 18q21-q23, and 21q11.2-q12 were observed in 2 of 3 cell lines. In array-CGH, many genes were altered including gains of PIK3CA, MYC, EVI1, MAD1L1 genes and losses of SERPIN genes. These aberrations of gene and chromosome coincide with other results of study, generally. These data about the patterns of chromosomal aberrations could be a basic step for understanding more detailed genetic events in the carcinogenesis and also provide information for diagosis and treatment in HNSCC.

Induction of Folate Sensitive Chromosomal Fragile Sites by Fudr in Pakistani Lohi Sheep (Ovis aries)

  • Ali, Ahmad;Babar, Masroor Ellahi;Abdullah, M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제21권8호
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    • pp.1103-1108
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    • 2008
  • An investigation to determine frequency and distribution of folate sensitive chromosomal fragile sites was carried out in a Pakistani breed of Lohi sheep to uncover fragile site phenomena. The means and standard errors of aberrant cell count (AC) and Number of aberrations (NoA) in Lohi sheep were $0.56{\pm}0.15$ and $0.59{\pm}0.16$ in the control cultures. FUdR treated cells showed significantly higher (p<0.001) AC and NoA means ($2.18{\pm}0.33$ and $2.65{\pm}0.50$). The sex comparison for the frequency of expression indicated that males had significantly higher number of aberrant cells and total number of aberrations in FUdR cultures than the female group in Lohi sheep. The comparison of control cultures was however, not significantly different between the two groups. The regression analysis of FUdR-induced chromosomal fragility data analysis of the fragility data predicted very low ${\beta}$ of 0.325 and 0.412 for AC and NoA respectively. Lohi chromosomes expressed lesions in only 7 and 24 bands in the control and FUdR cultures respectively. The total number of significantly fragile bands in the Lohi genome was only 4. The X-chromosome of the Lohi sheep was highly stable at $5{\mu}g/ml$ FUdR with no fragile sites. The sex comparison for the distribution of fragile sites across the Lohi genome did not reveal any noticeable differences.