• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the ashed tooth powder is utilized as an alternative material of the implant. For this purpose the author performed the experimental study to investigate the tissue response of sintered toothash and its histocompatibility. Bony defects to expose the body of marrow, $1{\times}1cm$ in size, were created in the right and left mandibular body of mature dog, and then the ashed tooth powders were filled in right side and the blood clot was filled in the left side as an control. The dogs were sacrificed at 4th, 7th, and 16th week after implantation and histologic examination was performed. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. Any inflammatory response was not noted after implanting of the ashed tooth powder during the whole experimental period. 2. At 4th week, ashed tooth powders were surrounded by mature connective tissue. And we could observe hydroxyapatite crystal structure within the ashed tooth powder. 3. At 7th week, we could observe that macrophage phagocyted the small granules of ashed tooth powders. 4. At 16th week, the union with host bone by growth of new trabeculae was observed. And there were remnants of ashed tooth power within some of new trabeculae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify factors related with depression among boys and girls in Korean middle school adolescents. Methods: This study used the data from the 2007 annual survey of youth health behaviors conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between the period of 2007/9/1 and 2007/9/22 (with the extension of 2007/10/1 and 2007/11/3). The target number of this study was 21,047 male and 18,424 female students all in the age group of middle school 1st grade and 3rd grade. Results: Depression of middle school adolescents was 33.4% for male students, 43.8% for female students, 38.3% in overall. With regard to the relationship between the demographic characteristics and the health behavior, both male and female students felt more depressed when they had more stress, followed by the cases with stimulant intakes and chronic diseases. For male students, higher level of physical activity was associated with greater level of the depression. For female students, living with only one parent or other person seem to cause more depression. Conclusion: Depression of middle school adolescents requires a special attention from the family, the school and society in general to find out and eliminate the root of these symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.35
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• pp.343-366
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• 1997

Most of the recently-exhumed excavat-ed costume is the garment for the dead which is one of the costume of funeral rite Investigating the birth and death years of the dead reveals that the excavated cos-tume was mostly used in the 16th and 17th centuries, . The study on the change of clothes in-cludes two aspects; one is manifestication of the structure of clothes and the other is elucidation of the constructure of clothes through examining constructure compo-nents and constructure compo-nents and construction method. This study investigates the costume of the midddle years of the Chosun dynasty in these aspects by examining the excavated Costume of 16th and 17th centries and Ryesu. This study also aims to assist to comprehend the constructure of costume by comparing actual excavated clothes with chronological standards through in-specting diverse clothes in a specified pe-riod. The construction of the clothes of the middle years of the Chosun dynasty is different depending on the purpose of theclothes and the principle of sewing is set up on the bases of mentality and body That is the Costume stands for the individual social and men-tal world of the people at that time since the external construction of the clothes represents their social rank and the inter-nal construction of sewing symbolizes their mentality. The characteristics features of the clothes of the middle years of the Chosun dy-nasty coexistence of diverse sorts and patterns indicates a change in clothes. This suggests that the clothes of a partic-ular class last and change in role corre-sponding to formation lasting and extinc-tion of the class. Thus diversityof the sort of general costume advancement of pattern and the change of clothes de-pending on the change of the class signify that the middle years of the Chosun- dy nasty is a period in which the general costume is actively developed and a turn-ing point for transforming the traditional clothes into new ones, . In other words the middle years of the Chosun dynasty is characterized as an era during which a castume native to Korea is formed with respect to the structure and constructure of clothes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the anterior approach following intraoperative reduction under general anesthesia in patients with cervical facet fracture and dislocation. Methods : Twenty-three patients with single level cervical facet fracture and dislocation who were subjected to the anterior approach alone following immediate intraoperative reduction under general anesthesia from March 2013 to December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Neurological status, clinical outcome, and radiological studies were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and during the follow-up period. Results : The cohort comprised 15 men and eight women with a mean age of 57 years (from 24 to 81). All patients were operated on within the first 8 hours following the injury. After gentle manual reduction or closed reduction with Gardner-Wells traction, under general anesthesia monitored by somatosensory-evoked potentials, all operations were successfully completed using the anterior approach alone except in two patients, who had a risk of over-distraction. In them, a satisfactory gentle manual reduction or closed reduction was not possible, and required open posterior reduction of the locked facets followed by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. In one patient, screw retropulsion was observed in 1 month after surgery. There were no reduction-related complications or neurological aggravations after surgery. All patients showed evidence of stability at the instrumented level at the final follow-up (mean follow-up, 12 months). Conclusion : Anterior approach following intraoperative reduction monitored by somatosensory-evoked potentials under general anesthesia for cervical dislocation and locked facets is a relatively safe and effective alternative when cervical alignment is achieved by intraoperative reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.207-222
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• 1999

This study is a thesis based on the fact that at the end of eighteenth century similar change in hair style appeared in Chosun and France which are located very far almost the opposite side of the earth. We can see that very exaggerated and big hair styles of those days in both countries became exceptionally reduced and changed to practical shapes through (an order prohibiting to make large hair style using wigs) is case of Chosun and through the France Revolution in case of France. Outwardly the abobe mentioned change may seem to be caused by such brave and outward convention as the prohibition order and the revolution. however I think that more basic cause of such change from big and splendid hair styles of those days to simple styles was because of many people's sympathy with the necessity of improving various social and economical problems caused by the luxurious and even prodigal situation of those days before the change and additionally because of such pragmatic thought as Positivism of chosun and illuminism of france. In case of france the change in hair style occurred for such a short period of time around the France Revolution(1789) that we can even that the change occurred in a day. However in case of Chosun such change became fixed at the time of king Suncho prohibiting to make large hair style using wigs (1756-1788) was announced. in case of France such change in hair style was mainly because of change of thought caused by people's self-consciousness. But in case of Chosun under the situation where common people's way of thinking about sumptuous moods and beauty was not changed unvoluntary and compulsory change was asked by the King's order so a lot of time seemed to have been necessary for the change in hair style to become fixed as a nationwide common and general custom.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness as well as correct the post-traumatic severe ankle equinus deformity by conducting the treatment surgery, which is divided into 2 stages, soft tissue adhesiolysis and ankle arthrodesis. Materials and Methods: We have conducted the methods, which are Z-plasty Achilles tendon lengthening, multiple capsulotomy and tendon lengthening (flexor hallucis longus muscle, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibialis tendon) for 10 patients who has shown equinus deformity after post-traumatic compartment syndrome due to the injury. The average age of patients was 33.7 year-old; there were 8 men and 2 women, and the follow up period was 13 months (6~31 mon). Outcomes were rated based on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and patient's satisfaction after operation. Results: The average degree of preoperative equinus deformity was 64 degree (-60~-70), and we've obtained AOFAS anklehindfoot score that was evaluated after 4 months of 2nd operation which was 76.7 score on average. We've also checked the decreased pain score from all of the patients according to the fact that the average VAS before the surgery was 6 (4~8), but it reduced to 3 (1~4). The patient's satisfaction showed generally great satisfactions which was 5 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 3 cases were fair. Conclusion: The two staged surgical treatment of post -traumatic severe ankle equinus deformity, which was conducted of soft tissue adhesiolysis and arthrodesis, could be one of the effective methods to improve patients walking ability.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

Background: The subciliary approach is commonly used for reconstruction of orbital wall or zygomaticomaxillary fractures. However, this approach is associated with postoperative complications, especially lower eyelid malposition. We report the experience of managing postoperative lower eyelid malposition with triamcinolone acetonide. Methods: A retrospective review was performed for all traumatic facial fractures requiring surgery via the subciliary approach at Chosun University Hospital in 2014. For each patient meeting inclusion criteria, the medical chart was reviewed for demographic information and postoperative course, including the presence of postoperative eyelid malposition or scleral show. Results: The review identified 189 cases in which the subciliary approach was used, and postoperative lower eyelid malposition was found in 7 cases (3.7%). For these 7 patients, the mean therapeutic period (interval to correction of the malposition) was 10.5 weeks (range, 8 to 14 weeks). On average, patients received 3 injections of triamcinolone. In all cases, degrees of the malposition were improved, and none of the patients required an operative intervention to correct the malposition. Conclusion: Triamcinolone injection is an appropriate treatment modality for lower eyelid malposition after subciliary approach. Treatment duration is relatively short, requiring fewer than 4 outpatient clinic visits, with relatively earlier recovery compared to conservative "wait-and-see" management.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the costumes and trading goods of the Korean envoys in 1811. The findings of the study are as follows: The Korean envoys, as shown in literature, were dressed up three different types of costumes: Pyongbok, Gongbok, Jobok. They put on different kinds of clothes depending on the purpose of the events such as for ceremonial purpose or for traveling purpose. For traveling purpose, the envoys wore Pyongbok like Waryonggwan and Hakchangeui, which were commonly used as Pyeonbok in those times of Chosun era. For ceremonial purpose, they chose to wear Danryeong, Gongbok, Geumgwanjobok in this order following the order of the importance of the ceremony. The design of Jobok and Gongbok of Jeongsa and Busa were different from that of the early Chosun era. This difference in the Jobok and Gongbok demonstrates that Gwanbok has been transformed with the change in the general Po system in the late Chosun era. When the costumes of Korean envoys in 1811 were compared to those in 1711, there were similarities in terms of the design of Jobok and Gongbok, which indicated that little had changed for the period of 100 years. The most popular exchanged Byeolpok of Chosun was articles of clothing such as Daeyuja, Daedanja, Baekjeopo, Sangjeopo, and Baekmyeonju, while that of Japan was mostly objects of craftwork and a small amount of Po. The fact that cloth was one of the main items from the early Chosun era to the early 19C shows the highly developed clothing culture of Chosun era.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

Odontogenic infection in the oral and maxillofacial regions caused by bacteria (mostly of oral origin) is one of the most common diseases encountered by dentists. Localized infection can easily be treated with incision and drainage followed by antibiotics. Emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria called "Superbacteria" has become one of the serious problems in modern society, due to its small window of opportunity for treatment and high casualty. The acronym "ESKAPE", encompassing the common and serious MDR pathogens stand for Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. Literature search was performed in Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar ranging from 2012 to 2020. ESKAPE patient's infection period was longer than that of non-ESKAPE group, and the treatment method due to antibiotic resistance was also complicated. The purpose of this study is to investigate infection caused by ESKAPE pathogens in the oral and maxillofacial regions through literature review and to inform dental surgeons of the danger of ESKAPE pathogens and to suggest viable treatment options. Many studies worldwide reported infections associated with ESKAPE pathogens, but only limited number of studies targeted infection in oral and maxillofacial regions. Further research is required with more data on ESKAPE bacteria and their infection, especially in oral and maxillofacial regions.

• Oral Biology Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.198-207
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• 2018

Guided tissue regeneration (GBR) has been used to promote new bone formation in alveolar bone reconstruction at defective bone sites following tooth loss. Bone grafts used in GBR can be categorized into autogenous, xenogenous, and synthetic bones, and human allografts depending on the origin. The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of bone regeneration using two different bone grafts in the cranial defects of rabbits. Ten New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Four defects were created in each surgical site. Each defect was filled as follows: with nothing, using a 50% xenograft and 50% human freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) depending on the volume rate, human FDBA alone, and xenograft alone. After 4 to 8 weeks of healing, histological and histomorphometric analyses were carried out. At 4 weeks, new bone formation occurred as follows: 18.3% in the control group, 6.5% in group I, 8.8% in group II, and 4.2% in group III. At 8 weeks, the new bone formation was 14.9% in the control group, 36.7% in group I, 39.2% in group II, and 16.8% in group III. The results of this study suggest that the higher the proportion of human FDBA in GBR, the greater was the amount of clinically useful new bone generated. The results confirm the need for adequate healing period to ensure successful GBR with bone grafting.