• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2008년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.165-166
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• 2008

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.167-168
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• 2000

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2007

Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) is a disease of the sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.)], which is caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca, a phytopathogenic bacterium that has been shown to infect all sweet orange cultivars. Sweet orange trees have been occasionally observed to be infected by Xylella fastidiosa without evidencing severe disease symptoms, whereas other trees in the same grove may exhibit severe disease symptoms. The principal endophytic bacterial species isolated from such CVC-asymptomatic citrus plants is Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens. The Madagascar periwinkle [Citrus sinensis (L.)] is a model plant which has been used to study X. fastidiosa in greenhouse environments. In order to characterize the interactions of X. fastidiosa and C. flaccumfaciens, periwinkle plants were inoculated separately with C. flaccumfaciens, X. fastidiosa, and both bacteria together. The number of flowers produced by the plants, the heights of the plants, and the exhibited disease symptoms were evaluated. PCR-primers for C. flaccumfaciens were designed in order to verify the presence of this endophytic bacterium in plant tissue, and to complement an existing assay for X. fastidiosa. These primers were capable of detecting C. flaccumfaciens in the periwinkle in the presence of X. fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa induced stunting and reduced the number of flowers produced by the periwinkle. When C. flaccumfaciens was inoculated together with X. fastidiosa, no stunting was observed. The number of flowers produced by our doubly- inoculated plants was an intermediate between the number produced by the plants inoculated with either of the bacteria separately. Our data indicate that C. flaccumfaciens interacted with X. fastidiosa in C. roseus, and reduced the severity of the disease symptoms induced by X. fastidiosa. Periwinkle is considered to be an excellent experimental system by which the interaction of C. flaccumfaciens and other endophytic bacteria with X. fastidiosa can be studied.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 1995

Glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl)glycine)에 의한 식물체(植物體)의 피해양상(被害樣相)을 알아보기 위하여 토마토(Lycopersicon esculentum Mil)를 대상으로 하여 동화부위(同化部位)에 부분처리(部分處理)하거나 전(全) 식물체(植物體)에 분무처리(噴霧處理)하였다. Glyphosate는 처리 24시간(時間)이내에 shikimic acid의 급속한 체내(體內) 축적(蓄積)을 유도(誘導)하였다. Shikimic acid의 축적(蓄積)은 정단엽(頂端葉)의 분열조직(分裂組織)에서 엽록소(葉綠素)의 감소(減少)를 동반(同伴)하였다. 이때 나타나는 황화(黃化)현상은 생장하는 어린잎의 정단조직(頂端組織)에서 향정성(向頂性)인 현상(現象)이었다 엽록소(葉綠素)의 감소(減少)는 glyphosate의 이차효과(二次效果) 내지 삼차효과(三次效果)인 것으로 보인다. 그렇지만 축적(蓄積)된 shikimic acid의 감소(減少)는 처리 5일째부터 정단엽과 뿌리를 제외하고는 감소(減少)하였다. Shikimic acid의 축적(蓄積) 정도는 처리(處理)된 부위(部位)에 따라 매우 다르게 나타났으며, paraquat를 처리(處理)한 하위(下位) 3엽(葉)에서는 3일 후(後)에 토마토의 정단분열조직(頂端分裂組織)에서 shikimic acid의 수준(水準)이 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2021

Pollution of agricultural soil by alkaline salts, such as Na₂CO₃, is a critical and long-lasting problem in cultivable land. The aim of the study was to examine the putative role of citric acid (CA) in alleviating Na₂CO₃-stress in alfalfa. In this study, Na₂CO₃ significantly induced leaf chlorosis, inhibited plant growth and photosynthesis related parameters, increased hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and reduced major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAD, APX) in alfalfa. However, the presence of CA these negative effects of Na₂CO₃-stress largely recovered. Interestingly, expression of antioxidant and ion transporter genes (Fe-SOD, CAT, APX, DHAR and NHX1) involved in Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and oxidative stress tolerance in alfalfa. These findings suggest that CA-mediated Na₂CO₃ stress alleviation is an ecofriendly approach that would be useful to local farmer for alfalfa and other forage crop cultivation in alkaline soils.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Liquid pig manure (LPM) has been used as an alternative for conventional fertilizers on some gramineous crops. However, its chemical properties varied widely depending on the degree of the digestion. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the responses of persimmon trees to immature (not well-digested) LPM application. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten application levels of immature LPM, consisted of a total of 3 to 30 L in 3-L increment, were applied during summer to 5-year-old 'Fuyu' trees grown in 50-L pots. Increasing the LPM application rate caused defoliation, wilting, and chlorosis in leaves. When applied with the rate of 3 L during summer, the tree produced small fruits with low soluble solids and bore few flower buds the following season, indicating insufficient nutritional status. In trees applied with the LPM rates of 6~12 L, both fruit characteristics and above-ground growth of the trees appeared normal but some roots were injured. However, application of higher LPM rates than 27 L resulted in small size, poor coloration, or flesh softening of the fruits the current season. Furthermore, the high LPM rates caused severe cold injury in shoots during winter and weak shoot growth the following season. It was noted that the application of higher LPM rate than 9 L damaged the root, even though above-ground parts of the tree appeared to grow normally. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that an excessive immature LPM application could cause various injuries on leaves, fruits, and the roots in both the current and the following season.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.257-273
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• 2019

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown and economically important vegetable crops in the world. Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is one of the recently emerged viruses of tomato distributed worldwide. ToCV-tomato interaction was investigated at the molecular level for determining changes in the expression of tomato genes in response to ToCV infection in this study. A cDNA library enriched with genes induced in response to ToCV infection were constructed and 240 cDNAs were sequenced from this library. The macroarray analysis of 108 cDNAs revealed that the expression of 92 non-redundant tomato genes was induced by 1.5-fold or greater in response to ToCV infection. The majority of ToCV-induced genes identified in this study were associated with a variety of cellular functions including transcription, defense and defense signaling, metabolism, energy, transport facilitation, protein synthesis and fate and cellular biogenesis. Twenty ToCV-induced genes from different functional groups were selected and induction of 19 of these genes in response to ToCV infection was validated by RT-qPCR assay. Finally, the expression of 6 selected genes was analyzed in different stages of ToCV infection from 0 to 45 dpi. While the expression of three of these genes was only induced by ToCV infection, others were induced both by ToCV infection and wounding. The result showed that ToCV induced the basic defense response and activated the defense signaling in tomato plants at different stages of the infection. Functions of these defense related genes and their potential roles in disease development and resistance to ToCV are also discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.466-485
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• 2023

Crop productivity can be obstructed by various biotic and abiotic stresses and thus these stresses are a threat to universal food security. The information on the use of viruses providing efficacy to plants facing growth challenges owing to stress is lacking. The role of induction of pathogen-related genes by microbes is also colossal in drought-endurance acquisition. Studies put forward the importance of viruses as sustainable means for defending plants against dual stress. A fundamental part of research focuses on a positive interplay between viruses and plants. Notably, the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) possess the capacity to safeguard tomato host plants against severe drought conditions. This study aims to explore the combined effects of TYLCV, ToCV, and drought stress on two tomato cultivars, Money Maker (MK, UK) and Shalala (SH, Azerbaijan). The expression of pathogen-related four cellulose synthase gene families (CesA/Csl) which have been implicated in drought and virus resistance based on gene expression analysis, was assessed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The molecular tests revealed significant upregulation of Ces-A2, Csl-D3,2, and Csl-D3,1 genes in TYLCV and ToCV-infected tomato plants. CesA/Csl genes, responsible for biosynthesis within the MK and SH tomato cultivars, play a role in defending against TYLCV and ToCV. Additionally, physiological parameters such as "relative water content," "specific leaf weight," "leaf area," and "dry biomass" were measured in dual-stressed tomatoes. Using these features, it might be possible to cultivate TYLCV-resistant plants during seasons characterized by water scarcity.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2004

Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)-Paf 계통에 포함된 satellite RNA(Paf-satRNA)는 CMV의 병징을 완화시키는 약독병징 관련 유전자로 작용하였다(Choi 등, 2001). 이 연구는 Paf-satRNA의 약독병징 관련 유전자의 도메인을 확인하기 위하여, 고추에서 chlorosis 병징을 발현하는 PepY-satRNA와 키메라 satRNA를 구축하여 분석하였다. 두 종의 satRNA의 염기서열을 비교한 결과, 분자크기가 큰 PepY-satRNA에서 10염기의 삽입이 발견되기는 하였지만, 양 말단영역의 염기는 비교적 안정된 conserved sequence를 보였다. 그러나 이들 satRNA의 중간영역에 존재하는 염기서열, 즉 5' 말단의 81번째 염기로부터 113번째, 그리고 183번째 염기부터 265번째 염기까지의 영역에서는 많은 변화를 나타냈다. 약독병징과 관련된 도메인을 확인하기 위하여 구축한 각 satRNA 및 키메라 satRNA의 cDNA로부터 transcript RNA를 전사시키고, 전사된 각 satRNA transcript를 CMV-Fny의 게놈RNA1, RNA2 및 RNA3의 transcript와 혼합한 후 N. benthamiana에 접종하였다. 그 결과 RT-PCR에 의해서 모든 satRNA-cDNA로부터 전사된 transcript의 감염성이 확인되었으며, Paf-satRNA 및 키메라 Paf(H/N)-satRNA와 PepY(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 N. benthamiana에서는 모두 약한 모자이크 또는 무병징 감염의 특성을 보였다. 이와는 대조적으로 PepY-satRNA 및 키메라 PepY(H/N)-satRNA와 Paf(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 식물에서는 전형적인 모자이크 증상과 식물체의 위축을 동반하였다. 이들 각 키메라 satRNA에 감염된 N. benthamiana를 접종원으로 고추에 접종한 결과, Paf-satRNA와 혼합한 CMV-Fny를 접종한 고추에서는 무병징에 가까운 약한 모자이크 증상이 발현되었고, PepY-satRNA를 접종한 고추는 뚜렷한 chlorosis의 모자이크 증상이 발현되었다. 한편 이들 두 종 satRNA의 키메라, Paf(H/N)-satRNA와 PepY(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 고추에서는 모두 약한 모자이크 또는 무병징 감염의 특성을 보였고, PepY(H/N)-satRNA와 Paf(N/A)-satRNA를 접종한 식물에서는 전형적인 chlorosis의 모자이크 증상과 식물체의 위축을 동반하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합해 보았을 때, N. benthamiana에서와 마찬가지로 Paf-satRNA의 약독병징과 관련된 유전자의 도메인은 HpaI-NarI 영역에 존재한다는 것을 나타냈다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.300-307
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• 2010

최근에 등록된 mesotrione+pretilachlor(MP) 및 bensulfuron-methyl+mesotrione+pretilachlor+pyriftalid (BMPP)에 대한 벼 생태형간 약해 반응을 조사하기 위해 통일형(장립종) 및 일본형(단립종) 각 3 품종을 표준량과 2배량을 처리하여 온실에서 포트시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 제초제 MP 및 BMPP에 대한 약해 반응은 벼 생태형에 따라 달랐는데 통일형 품종은 모두 감수성을 보였으나 일본형 벼는 약해가 발생하지 않았다. 통일형 벼는 제초제 처리 후 5일부터 백화증상을 보였고 7일에 약해증상이 뚜렷하였으며 처리 후 14일에는 약해증상이 처리 후 7일 보다 약해지는 경향이었다. 약해정도는 처리농도가 증가할 수록 약해 발생이 심하였다. MP 및 BMPP에 대한 통일형 벼 품종의 초장 억제율은 90g a.i. $ha^{-1}$(표준량)에서 18~43%, 배량에서 30~50% 억제되었고 건물중은 초장보다 억제가 더 커 표준량에서는 46~73%, 배량에서는 65~82%가 억제되었고 억제정도는 농도가 증가할수록 컸다. 하지만 대부분의 일본형 벼는 제초제 2배에서도 약해증상을 보이지 않았으나 초장 및 건물중이 약간 억제 되었다. 벼 생태형별 MP에 대한 50% 생육억제 농도를 조사한 결과, 통일형 벼는 37g a.i. $ha^{-1}$로 일본형 벼의 476g a.i. $ha^{-1}$보다 12.9배나 낮았다. 이상의 결과에서 mesotrione을 함유하고 있는 MP 및 BMPP에 대한 벼 생태형간 반응에 차이가 있고, 초다수형 벼 재배시 초기 잡초 발아전 제초제로서 MP 및 BMPP의 사용을 자제하는 것이 바람직하다.