• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.235-235
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• 2017

Chromium (Cr) toxicity is hazardous to the seed germination, growth, and development of plants. ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid and is involved in stress tolerance in plants. To investigate the effects of GABA in alleviating Cr toxicity, we treated eight-d-old mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings with Cr (0.15 mM and 0.3 mM $K_2CrO_4$, 5 days) alone and in combination with GABA ($125{\mu}M$) in a semi-hydroponic medium. The roots and shoots of the seedlings accumulated Cr in a dose-dependent manner, which led to an increase in oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation; hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) content; superoxide ($O{_2}^{{\cdot}-}$) generation; lipoxygenase (LOX) activity], MG content, and disrupted antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Chromium stress also reduced growth, leaf relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll (chl) content but increased phytochelatin (PC) and proline (Pro) content. Furthermore, supplementing the Cr-treated seedlings with GABA reduced Cr uptake and upregulated the non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, AsA; glutathione, GSH) and the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II), and finally reduced oxidative damage. Adding GABA also increased leaf RWC and chl content, decreased Pro and PC content, and restored plant growth. These findings shed light on the effect of GABA in improving the physiological mechanisms of mustard seedlings in response to Cr stress.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2022

Quarrying of rock for construction purposes is a significant industry in any economy but has its negative impact. This study examined the impact of quarry activities on surrounding vegetation in Ogun State. Geographic Information System approach was used to map the various quarry locations present in different Local Government Areas in Ogun State; of which eight sites were selected namely Isara, Idode, Iwaye, Ogbere, Ilagbe, Adelokun Baaki Ake and Igodo. Vegetation composition analyses were carried out on the eight sites using Haga Ultimeter and chlorophyll content analysis. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics using SAS package (9.4 version). Sixty quarries were identified with Odeda Local Government Area (38.3%) having the highest percentage of quarry. The vegetative compositions analyses showed that Albizia zygia had the highest frequency (7) among identified plants in the quarries. The chlorophyll content of Albizia zygia in the wet season (492.2 mg Chl/m²) was significantly higher than dry season (464.4 mg Chl/m²) in all locations. However, Baaki Ake (Albizia zygia) chlorophyll content was highest among other locations in both seasons. In conclusion Albizia zygia showed highest resistance to quarry activities, hence common among other plants identified around the quarries.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

Cadmium (Cd) is non-essential heavy metal that negatively affects plant metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO) is an increasingly important molecule for plant metabolism that makes signaling. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the alleviating effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application as NO donor in white poplar (Populus alba) under Cd stress conditions. SNP and without SNP treatments increased the Cd accumulation in root tissue. While photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, and carotenoid) content decreased by only Cd application, SNP+Cd application decreased the rate of photosynthetic pigments reduction. When the results of Cd and Cd+SNP applications were evaluated for mineral (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) uptake, it was found that the positive effect of SNP was heterogeneously affected. Depending on SNP application, it was found that malondialdehyde (MDA) amount decreased in leaf in 100 µM Cd applications while hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) amount decreased in 100 and 500 µM Cd applications. When antioxidant enzyme activities were examined, it was found that catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities increased with 100 µM SNP applications under all Cd applications. As a result, it was found that SNP application under Cd stress generally supports physiological processes positively in white poplar, suggesting that NO molecule plays important alleviating roles in plant metabolism.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

This study is focused on the evaluation of growth parameters, total polyphenol content (TPC), chlorophyll content as well as the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity of young barley seedling (YBS) affected by elicitation. Salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJ), amino acid liquid fertilizer (ALF) and microbial metabolism activator (MMA) were used. Elicitation was conducted for two times and various concentrations were used in this study. The result revealed that, MJ 1 ml/L treated-YBS gave the longest seedling length of 1.33 cm, followed by the ones treated with SA 1.38 mg/L and ALF 2 ml/L, respectively. ALF 3 ml/L treatment gave the highest fresh weight of 10 seedlings, followed by MJ 5 ml/L and SA 13.8 mg/L treatment with 1.56 g, 1.55 g and 1.53 g respectively. SA 138.12 mg/L elicitor treated-YBS gave the highest Chl a, Chl b content of $8.57{\mu}g/mg$ and $3.83{\mu}g/mg$, respectively while the highest carotenoid content was found in MJ ml/L treatment with $1.62{\mu}g/mg$. Among elicitor treated-YBS, SA showed better TPC. The highest TPC was found in SA 1.38 mg/L treatment with 18.82 mg/g TAE. Likewise, SA 1.38 mg/L showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity among all the treatments. However, the lowest TPC was found in ALF 1ml/L treated-YBS with 9.46 mg/g TAE, which was even lower than the control (14.31 mg/g TAE).

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.216-227
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• 2008

물 교환이 제한적인 시화호 상류 기수역의 부영양화 현상을 이해하고자 기수역내 7개 지점을 선정하여 2005년과 2006년 3월부터 11월까지 수질 및 퇴적물의 시공간적 분포 조사와 오염도 평가를 실시하였다. 시화호 기수역의 영양염류와 엽록소 $\alpha$(Chl-$\alpha$)및 유기물의 농도분포는 시공간적으로 변동이 컸으며, 전반적으로 염분성층이 강하게 형성되는 중류지점에서 높은 농도를 보이는 경향을 보였다 조사기간 동안 TN, TP, Chl-$\alpha$ 농도는 각각 $1.2{\sim}11.0\;mg\;L^{-1}$, $0.056{\sim}2.992\;mg\;L^{-1}$, $1.3{\sim}942.9\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$으로 대부분 지점에서 부영양 또는 과영양 상태를 나타냈다. 또한 기수역의 부영양화지수(TSI) $61{\sim}86$의 범위로 과영양호 수준을 보였으며, 중류지점에서 높은 값을 보였다. 기수역의 식물플랑크톤의 대량증식 현상은 매년 4월에 중류지점에서 나타났으며, 영양염류와 Chl. $\alpha$ 농도 사이의 상관분석으로부터 식물플랑크톤의 증식은 TN (r=0.31)보다 TP (r=0.65)가 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 기수역의 표층퇴적물 내 COD 함량은 전 지점에서 중간오염의 수준을 보였지만, TN과 TP 함량은 중하류지점에서 오염이 심한 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 표층퇴적물의 입도분포로부터 연안성퇴적물에서 가장 많이 나타나는 실트의 조성비 ($38{\sim}60%$)가 중류지점에서 가장 많은 것으로 보아 이 지점에서 염분성층과 퇴적현상이 가장 많은 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 물 교환이 제한적인 시화호 상류 기수역의 수질 및 표층퇴적물의 오염도는 타 수역에 비해 매우 높은 것으로 판단된다. 또한 시화호 상류 기수역의 부영양화 현상은 자연적인 기수역에 비해 강하게 형성된 염분성층에 의한 물의 정체현상 및 심층산소고갈 현상과 유역으로부터 많은 양의 인 유입과 퇴적물로부터 인 용출에 의한 것으로 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제36권2호통권103호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2003

옥천천(만)유역을 대상으로 2002년 5월부터 9월까지 총 6회 수환경을 조사하였다. 환경 요인은 하천과 구간에 따라 차이가 컸고, 유수환경과 정수환경에서 더욱 현저하여 대비가 되었다. 수중 영양염은 상류 하천에서 비교적 저농도이었으나, 하수처리수 유입 후부터 고농도로 전환되어 점오염원 영향이 절대적이었다. 특히, 유역에서 SRP와 $NH_4$의 분포는 다른 영양염에 비해 매우 뚜렷하였고, 하수처리수의 영향을 평가함에 있어 가장 중요한 인자가 될 수 있었다. 하수처리수의 유입직 후 정점에서 SRP의 평균 농도는 919.3${\mu}g$ P/l로써 유역에서 가장 영향력이 컸고, P농도에 의해 수중 영양염 비율이 조절됨을 알 수 있었다. 하수처리수의 지속적 공급은 하류의 만입부에서 chl-a 증가를 유도하는 결정적인 요인으로 볼 수 있었다. 남조류가 대발생한 시기에 만입부에서chl-a 농도는 234.5${\sim}$l,692.2 ${\mu}g$/1범위이었고, 8월에 최대 현존량은 ml당 $1.0{\times}10^6$ 세포를 훨씬 초과하여 담수적조 수준보다 200배 이상이었다. 이러한 결과는 다른 환경요인에서 잘 반영되었고, 그 중에서 AFDM/TSS 비는 100%로써 조류에 의한 수질오염이 극심함을 잘 반영하였다. 따라서, 하수처리수에 포함된 P와 N 저감이 선행되어야 하천 수환경 개선 뿐만 아니라 저수지 수질관리에 효과가 있을 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 1989

인삼엽소병(leaf-burning disease) 원인과 light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein(LHCP) complex의 solar energy 분배능력과의 상호 연관성을 조사하기 위한 기초 연구로써 인삼 thylakoid의 chlorophyll-protein(CP) complex의 조성 및 특징을 조사하였다. 인삼의 CP-complex는 non-denaturing SDS-PAGE 방법에 의해 4개 bands로 분리되었으며 각 band는 Bassi와 Dunahay의 결과에 따라 CPI(PSI의 reaction center와 LHCP I antennae), CP I(PSI reaction center), LHCP II(LHCP II)의 oligoform), 그리고 LHCP II(PS II antennae; CP29, CP26)로 확인되었다. 인삼의 LHCP II 는 양지식물인 spinach, soybean과 비교해 볼 때 오히려 인삼의 band intensity가 더 높았으며, CP I band는 인삼에서만 분리되었다. 인삼 CP-complex band의 absorption 및 fluorescence spectra, chlorophyll a.b ratio 에서도 비교식물과 차이를 나타내었다. Thylakoid membrane의 polypeptide 함량은 인삼에서 비교식물에 비해 현저히 낮은 polypeptide 함량은을 나타내었다. SDS-PAGE에 의한 polypeptide pattern은 band의 수나 band intensity에서 비교식물과 차이를 나타내었으며, 특히 29-35 kD, 55 kD과 60 kD 근치에서 현저한 band intensity 차이를 확인하였다. Specific $^1O_2$에 의해 chl. a가 60%, chl.b는 90%, 그리고 carotenoid는 70%가 파괴되는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 오존에 대한 다년생 지피식물의 내성과 피해 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 도심 녹화 수종으로 많이 이용되는 지피식물인 기린초(Sedum kamtschaticum)와 비비추(Hosta longipes)를 대상으로 환경조절형 자연광 노출상에서 $200{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$의 오존을 하루 8시간씩(오전 8시-오후 4시) 처리하였다. 초종간 피해 정도는 생리활성 분석[수분이용효율(water use efficiency), 엽록소(chlorophyll) 및 카로티노이드(carotenoid) 함량]과 활성산소종 발생분석을 통해 조사하였다. 오존처리는 기린초와 비비추 모두에서 낮 동안의 수분이용효율을 현저하게 감소시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 엽록소 함량과 카로티노이드 함량 역시 두 수종 모두 오존처리에 따라 감소되었으며, hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)와 superoxide radical($O_2{^-}$)과 같은 활성산소종의 축적이 확인되었다. 이와 같은 결과들을 토대로 기린초가 비비추에 비해 대기 중 오존에 대한 저항성이 높은 것으로 보이며, 오존에 대한 반응이 빠른 초종인 비비추의 경우 대기 중 오존 농도증가에 대한 지표식물로도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

The growth of Selenastrum capricornutum in culture was investigated as a function of ionic copper concentrations to verify the toxicity and physiological variation. In a $Cu^{++}$ excess culture (E: $Cu^{++}$ of $130{\mu}g/l$), the growth rate (K)(0.32) was lower than that of the control culture (C: $Cu^{++}$ of $0.065{\mu}g/l$) (0.61) after 8 days and the exponential growth rate ($R_E$) was also found to be lower in culture E (1.1) than culture C (2.9). On the contrary, the K of S. capricornutum in trace $Cu^{++}$ culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$, 0.72) after 6 days tended to be more increased than culture C (0.68). From 8 to 14 days of culture, the amounts of chlorophyllls a and b were increased in culture C (chlorophyll a, $106->126{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $158->208{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b were decreased in culture E (chlorophyll a, $309->235{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; chlorophyll b, $405->352{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). The amounts of chlorophylls in ionic copper trace culture ($T_1$ and $T_2$) [(chl a/b) of $T_1$: $384/620\;{\mu}g/g$ dry wt; (chl a/b) of $T^2$:$320/467{\mu}g/g$ dry wt] were increased more than the culture C($260/387{\mu}g/g$ dry wt). Howeveer, when photosynthetic rates were normalized to the dry weight of algae, the control culture continued to showed higher values than the treated culture ($T_1$). An appropriate amount of ionic copper ($T_1:\;26\;{\mu}g/l$) stimulated the grwoth of S. capricornutum than the ionic copper content of $13\;{\mu}g/l$ ($T_2$), while the excess amount of ionic copper ($130\;{\mu}g/l$) resulted in the highest toxicity to the growth of S. capricornutum.

• 화훼연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.166-178
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• 2018

In this study, the principal objective was to investigate the effect of light quality and vessel ventilation on the growth and development, physiology, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and contents of mineral nutrients of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) 'Marble Beauty'. Single node cuttings stuck into the plant growth regulator (PGR)-free MS medium in containers covered with caps with or without a ventilation filter were cultured first four weeks under white and then additional four weeks under either white (control), blue, red, or red + blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 56 days. Interestingly, a ventilated culture condition not only reduced the percentage of the hyperhydricity, but also increased the total chlorophyll content (Chl a + Chl b) of the plantlets as compared to the non-ventilated condition. In addition, blue LEDs produced plantlets with the greatest number of shoots and red LEDs produced plantlets with the greatest shoot length. The quality of plantlets was improved under a ventilation condition. Besides, under a ventilated condition, red + blue LEDs raised APX activity, and blue LEDs not only raised the activity of the CAT, but also increased tissue contents of such elements as K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe. The red LEDs increased contents of B and Si under a ventilated condition, and Na accumulation under a non-ventilated condition. Thus, including blue or red LEDs as the light source in a ventilated culture condition will produce plantlets of carnation 'Marble Beauty' in vitro with improved quality.