• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.120-124
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• 2000

한국산 재배인삼과 장뇌산삼 그리고 중국산 장뇌산삼에 포함되어 있는 총 페놀성 성분 함량에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 개별적인 페놀성 성분들의 함량에서는 몇 가지 특정적인 경향을 나타내었다. Cinnamic acid와 p-hydroxybenzoic acid는 재배인삼보다 장뇌산삼에서 각각 3~4배, 2~3배 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. Esculetin은 한국산 재배인삼과 장뇌산삼에서 중국산 장뇌산삼보다 더 높은 함량 수준을 나타내었는데, KM-1의 경우 $47.2\mu\textrm{g}/g$으로 가장 높았다. Ferulic acid와 caffeic acid의 경우 KM-2에서 가장 높은 수준을 나타내었는데, 인삼의 적변현상에 관련된 성분으로 사료된다. Ester 상태의 총 페놀성 성분 함량은 장뇌산삼에서 재배인삼보다 3~4배 더 높았다. Panax ginseng에 포함되어 있는 페놀성 성분들은 완전한 성장연령이 지난 후에는 총 함량에 있어서 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았지만, 개별적인 페놀성 성분 함량과 존재 형태에 있어서는 서식지별 또는 재배방법 등에 따라 구분되는 함량차이를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Background: The use of different methods for the processing of ginseng can result in alterations in its medicinal properties and efficacy. White ginseng (WG), frozen ginseng (FG), and red ginseng (RG) are produced using different methods. WG, FG, and RG possess different pharmacological properties. Methods: WG, FG, and RG extracts and pure ginsenosides were administered to rats to study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution characteristics of the following ginsenosides-DRg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd. The concentrations of the ginsenosides in the plasma and tissues were determined using UPLC-MS/MS. Results: The rate and extent of absorption of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd appeared to be affected by the different methods used in processing the ginseng samples. The areas under the plasma drug concentration-time curves (AUCs) of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were significantly higher than those of the pure ginsenosides. In addition, the AUCs of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were different for WG, FG, and RG. The amounts of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the tissues than those of the pure ginsenosides. The amounts of Re, Rb1, and Rd from the RG extract were significantly higher than those from the WG and FG extracts in the heart, lungs, and kidneys of the rats. Conclusion: Our results show that the use of different methods to process ginseng might affect the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of ginseng as well as the tissue concentrations of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2015

In this study, the clinical safety and toxicology of oral ingestion of supplement capsules containing ginseng radix was investigated in healthy young volunteers. This study was a pilot randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial. The healthy volunteers were divided into 6 groups of 20 each (10 males and 10 females). They took the ginseng powder for 35 days (3g/day) for safety evaluation. There were measured general healthy levels such as hematological, biochemical and electrocardiographic parameters. After the first week, besides Korean white ginseng the other treatments led to an significant increase of white blood cells. Korean red ginseng increased UREA (blood urea nitrogen) in healthy volunteers, but it didn't exceed the range of normal values, and in the subsequent process of treatment there is no effect of elevating UREA. After the three weeks, Korean white ginseng showed relatively low the content of blood glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After the five weeks, compared with the other treatments, Korean red ginseng increased white blood cells, platelet distribution width and average volume of platelet. Korean white ginseng decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. American ginseng decreased blood creatinine in healthy volunteers. In conclusion, through test the blood routine, urine routine, liver function, renal function, blood glucose, blood lipid and electrocardiogram, the healthy volunteers continuous taking ginseng for 35 days (3 g/day) is safe and reliable, and have no obvious adverse reactions and side effects.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.359-365
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• 2023

Ginseng was the most revered of the herbs in ancient times in China, Korea, Japan, America. Ginseng was discovered over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria, China. References to ginseng are found in books dating back more than two millennia. It is revered by the Chinese people as it is considered a herb for everything use and therefore for a wide range of diseases (currently its Latin name derived from the Greek panacea, meanings, that is, for everything). So, it was used exclusively by the Chinese Emperor's, and they were willing to pay the price without problems. Increasing its fame, ginseng brought a flourishing international trade that allowed Korea to supply China with silk and medicines in exchange for wild ginseng and later along with what grows in America.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 1991

The current size, characteristics. and channels of distribution of the offshore export (non North American) market for ginseng products are described. The apparent size of the worlds export market for ginseng products in 1987 is 3,363 tonnes. The major export markets for ginseng are Hong Kong (1,972.4 tonnes) and Japan (540.9 tonnes). The volume of ginseng imported into Hong Kong has doubled over the past five years from 976.3 tonnes in 1983 to 1,972.4 tonnes in 1987. This increase is reflective of an expanding Chinese market. In terms of products forms, the toast majority of ginseng imported into China is in root form, while Japan imports both red and white ginseng as well as ginseng beverages and medical products. Hong Kong is the destination of over 86f; of the volume of North American ginseng exported between 1983 and 1987. North American ginseng products are distributed by ginseng brokers or importers/exporters.

• 인삼문화
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• 제2권
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• pp.39-70
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• 2020

본고에서는 유래가 다른 상고사서의 상호 해석과 검증을 통하여, 위서(僞書)로 의심 받아 왔던 『부도지』, 『환단고기』, 『규원사화』의 기록이 논리적으로 실제 기록일 수 있음을 입증하였고, 『사기』 및 『열자』의 중국사서에도 등장하는 전설적인 '불로장생약'의 실체가 고려 인삼임을 밝혔다. 나아가 핵심 서적인 『부도지』의 인류이동 설명에 부합하는 Y 염색체 인류이동 지도를 참조하여, 각 인류 집단의 생활상을 기반으로 사상체질의 형성과 동남아인에 대한 고려인삼 열감문제의 기원이, 역사적 또는 과학적 관점에서 PPT유형 진세노사이드로 인한 체질문제로 추정하였다. 이 문제의 해결이 홍삼제조시의 PPT유형에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 함량의 PPD유형 진세노사이드 생산으로 해결되며, 또한 홍삼제조시 홍삼다당체의 함량 증가로, 홍삼다당체, PPD유형 진세노사이드, 원래 고려인삼에 다량 포함된 아르기닌에 의하여, 신체 내 '열충격단백질'의 발현이 증가되는 방법임을 설명함으로써, 고려 홍삼의 '아답토젠' 또는 '장생불사약'으로서의 효능을 과학적으로 해석할 수 있는 이론을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 미국삼(서양삼)과 고려인삼의 생육환경에 대한 고찰을 통하여, 그 차이점을 제시하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.592-595
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• 1993

인삼의 재배년근별, 국내산지별 및 국가별 무기물의 분포를 조사하기 위하여 시험한 결과 Mn은 2년근에 비하여 5년근에서 4배 가까운 증가추세를 나타내었다. 재배산지별로 볼때 P은 각 지역별로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편 각국 인삼별로는 중국 천칠삼에서 N의 함량이 적제 나타났으며 P은 한국산 정상홍삼에서 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2019

The contents of major ginsenosides (ginsenosides Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rf, and ginsenoside Rg1) in ginseng cultivated in different areas in Korea, ginseng that underwent different cultivation processes and ages, and ginseng cultivated in different countries were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS detector. Ginsenoside Rc was the most abundant ginsenoside in all different ginseng samples. The highest total concentration of major ginsenosides was found in the ginseng cultivated in Jinan (0.931 mg/g) and 4-year grown red ginseng (1.785 mg/g). Major ginsenosides were the most abundant in Korean ginseng (1.264 mg/g), compared to those in Chinese and American ginseng. The results of this study showed the different contents of major ginsenosides in the ginseng samples tested and emphasized which sample could contain high yield of ginsenosides.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.376-377
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• 2011

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2008

After the opening of the korean port, the influx of koreans to Shanghai was expanded and lead to form their society. Among these koreans many dealt in Ginseng peddling, which proportion was big enough to influence Shanghai ginseng market. There were also koreans dealing in pharmaceutics. Korea Red Cross contributed greatly in the propagation of medical knowledge and health care in Shanghai korean society. Korean doctors opened their own clinics in the area of korean habitants. But overall size of clinics and the medical apparatus were minimal. By this reasons many koreans utilized general hospitals founded by foreigners and chinese.