• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

This study was described and analyzed health care system in Lao Cai, Vietnam. We analyze organization and delivery of health care system, health care resources, heath care facilities, heath care finances, and health index in Lao Cai, Vietnam. Lao Cai Province is a mountainous region located on the Chinese border in North-West Vietnam, with numerous ethnic minority groups. Health care organization and delivery system in Lao Cai Province is well formed Province-District-Commune level with Vietnam Government's Socialism. However, health care personnels are concentrated in the major city and is lacking in commune level. Lao Cai province has only two general hospital and is lacking number of beds. Lao Cai province's health care sector is insufficient financial support because the primary goal of the Vietnam government is economic development. Ethnic minority groups in Lao Cai have a dual burden of disease and health. To solve this problem, it is dispatched health care personnel to the commune level taking advantage of the well health care organization and delivery system in Lao Cai. It is also necessary to modernize hospital and improve number of bed. In conclusion, it will be improved the quality of life of residents and be able to achieve fairness among district through the enhancement of the health care system in Lao Cai province.

• 복식
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.58-75
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of fur and leather clothes of minority races of China in Northeas and Inner Mongolia. To examine their characteristics, the clothes and ornaments were classified into four types: headwear, clothes, footwear, and accessories. First, headwear was divided into animal head-shaped, petal-shaped, round-shaped, and cone-shaped head wear. Among them, the animal head-shaped headwear was made by making the best use of the shape of animal's head and it was used as the best disguising method when hunting. Second, clothes were composed of upper garments and lower garments. For the upper garments, Po and Jeogori were worn and pants were worn for the lower garments. The clothes were decorated with lining, applique, or top-stitching on the outer collar, neck circumference, and the edge of sleeves and pants. Third, for the footwear, high boots of leather were developed to meet the needs for a convenient life in the plains. In some areas, fur shoes and leather shoes were also used. Finally, accessories included bags and gloves. Bags were usually decorated with fur on the outside or with a fringe or applique of tanned leather. Gloves were lavishly decorated with embroideries and partly with fur or leather.

• 한국인구학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.111-145
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• 2003

이 연구는 개혁개방정책 이후 중국 내 조선족이 보인 사회인구학적 행태의 변화를 설명하기 위한 것이다. 시장경제체제의 도입과 한중 국교수립 이후 조선족사회는 출산력수준의 급격한 저하와 인구구조의 고령화로 매우 급격한 변화를 겪고 있다. 조선족의 인구행태와 인구구조의 이러한 변화는 한족에 비해 두드러지게 나타난다. 중국 내 조선족인구가 가장 밀집되어 거주하고 있는 연변지역의 조선족사회는 최근 절대인구규모의 감소추세를 보이고 있다. 아울러 시장경제의 도입 이후 이동성향이 높아지고 통혼권과 거주지역이 확산되며. 조선족학교를 통한 민족교육이 급격히 위축되는 추세를 보인다. 그리고 이에 따라 조선족사회의 사회적 통합과 문화정체성이 약화되고 중국 내 소수민족사회로서의 위상도 점차 약화되는 과정에 있다. 연변 조선족사회의 사회인구학적 변화와 위기상황에 대한 설명을 위해 이 연구는 연변조선족자치주의 1990년과 2000년 인구센서스 자료와 각종 통계자료를 활용하였다. 또한, 이 연구에서는 인구센서스를 통하여 드러난 조선족인구의 연령구조가 매우 불규칙적이라는 점을 감안하여 1990년과 2000년 인구센서스 자료의 신뢰성과 정확도를 재검토하는 작업도 이루어졌다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.121-136
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to present a new research method of stage costume by designing and making the stage costume of Yean-GaeSoMoon(淵蓋蘇文) in Peking Opera Du Mu Guan (Korean; Dog Mog Guan, 獨木關). The stage costume of Peking Opera was formed on the basis of the Chinese traditional stage costume in the Qing period, however the style of stage costume was beautified the costume of Ming period and here contained the factors of successive costumes. But the stage costume of Peking Opera didn't have the same rank system with real history costume and didn't have demarcation according to period and history. In the stage costume of Peking Opera, the color is cultural language that can inform spectators of sex, age, personality, position of characters. The pattern of decoration also symboled the personality and characteristic of the character. Yean-GaeSoMoon in the play wore green armour (Chinese; ru ying kao 綠硬靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), red mustache (Chinese; hong ran kou 紅髥口), crown (Chinese; da e zi 大額子), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴) and Xue RenGui wore white armour (Chinese; baikao 白靠), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲), shoes (Chinese; hou di xue 厚底靴), hat (Chinese; za jin 扎巾). By historical materials, Yean-GaeSoMoon was a nationalist who uphold national sprit and the greatest hero of the age and a charismatic politician who combines literatural arts with military arts. Considering these reviews, defined the thema of his new costumes' image as "the flying bird which has three legs"(三足鳥), the bird which symbolized the sun and immortality in Koguryo fresco. On the basis of this image, presented three types of Yean-GaeSoMoon's stage costume. Yean-GaeSoMoon as the minister in the court wore black gown (Chinese; mang pao 蟒袍) of dargon pattern which symbolizes harisma who opening the heaven. He as the general who directs war wore red mantle (Chinese; dou peng 斗蓬) which symbolizes the blue dragon that soaring into the sky, as the officer who fights the enemy's general wore green armour (Chinese; gai liang jia 改良甲), red pants (Chinese; hong ku 紅褲) which symbolizes the flying Sward that blowing violently. By wearing these stage costumes, the image of Yean-GaeSoMoon could changed from the fierce general of minority race who likes to fight, to the Koguryo general who fights against enemy at the risk of his life for Koguryo's autonomy. Through this study once again we could realized that stage costume played very mportant part In outstnding the characteristic of actor in the Peking Opera.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.221-237
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• 2003

중국의 음식문화를 역사적으로 분류하여 올바르게 이해해 보고자 본 연구는 기존의 서적을 중심으로 고찰하여 보았다. 중국을 역사적 시대별로 태고, 중고, 근고, 중세, 근세, 현대로 나누어 살펴본 결과 중국의 식문화는 왕조의 흥망에 따라 많은 변화를 가져 왔으며, 서역의 식재료 유입과 자연의 영향으로 남북으로 주식의 형태가 나눠지게 되고, 테이블과 의자가 유입되어 입식문화가 정착하게 되면서 밥과 국은 개인전용 공기를, 부식은 큰 공용의 식기를 사용하여 제공되는 등 상차림의 변화가 나타났다. 근세(근세)에 들어서는 중국요리가 서방에 전달되기도 하였으며, 제비집과 상어지느러미, 해삼류 등이 고급음식으로 애용되었고, 조리법이 요즘의 요리와 아주 흡사하였다. 젓가락으로 밥과 부식물을 먹고, 숟가락은 국 전용 도구로 받아들이는 등 취식 도구의 사용 또한 현재의 모습을 지니고 있었다. 중국인들의 음식 문화에는 음양오행이라는 우주 만물의 원리가 항상 내재되어 있고, 유교, 불교, 도교의 철학적 사상이 상당히 깊이 내재되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 그래서 중국의 다양한 음식문화의 고찰은 같은 한자와 종교의 영향을 받은 한국, 중국, 일본의 명절음식을 종교와 연관지어 각 국가의 음식문화에 미친 후속 연구로 이어지길 바란다.

• 복식
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• 제36권
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• pp.77-95
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• 1998

The culture of a country is formed by the sense of value of a nation being a creator as well as on operator of the culture. So, the Chinese culture and fruthermore, the sense of value the Chinese people can be understood through the study of the costume of China. Above all, the culture of China, including the costume, have been formed through the his-tory of exchange between the central Chinese people and its surrounding minority races, and it should not be overlooked that its own culture of each race is existing with each other in the great Chinese culture sphere. In the paper, the concept of costume as relections of a culture is confirmed through the examination of the characteristics of the costume of the Miao tribe with such history and culture as a background and on effort is made to take those as resources modern fashion designs while inferring from them the characteristics of costume with universal and original values sthat can be sublimated into the modernistic beauty. The results of the study are as follows. First, the basic composition consists of a simple jacket made in a way of straight-cut-ting and a close pleated skirt and it tended to put emphasis on diversified and splendid decorations compared with the simple basis composition. Second, the costume of the Miao tribe are characteristic of hair done in a knot with head-dress around head. Third, the kinds of dress are multifarious by race and region due to a long period of mobile and disperse life. In the course of studying the universal value of the Miao tribe is confirmed which is by no means inferior to the standard of the medernistic beauty which keeping its originality. The study is made to be helpful for activating the design going with the trend that the basic harmony between the nature and man, that is a climate and the local cul-ture hearing formed a splendid culture in the past, are being found again.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2014

현재 중국은 개혁 개방을 통하여 고도 경제성장을 이룩하였으며, 베이징 올림픽과 엑스포 개최, 그리고 G2체제를 통한 세계 초강대국으로 진입하는 등의 성과로 대다수 국민들의 지지를 받고 있지만, 그 이면(裏面)에 많은 난제(難題)들도 있다. 다민족으로 구성된 중국은 분열과 통합의 경험이 있어 다른 어떤 국가보다 분리주의에 민감하게 반응하고 있으며, 실제로 종교 민족문제 등으로 인한 갈등과 분쟁이 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 특히, 중국의 한족과 신장지역 위구르족은 역사 민족적으로 그 기원이 상이하고, 종교 문화적으로 융합하기에 한계가 있어 유혈사태와 테러리즘이 자주 발생하고 있다. 중국정부는 다양한 민족 종교 경제 외교정책을 제시하였지만, 근본적인 문제 해결책을 찾지 못하고 있다. 이로 인하여 중국의 유혈사태와 테러리즘은 지속적으로 발생할 것으로 예측되기 때문에 정치 민족 외교정책 등의 재검토가 필요하가고 본다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.694-707
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• 2017

This study analyzes the characteristics of clothes worn by the Zhuang in order to produce new fashion designs, and to propose diverse new directions in fashion design. Research was conducted using a bibliographic survey on the cultural background, characteristics, and relevant techniques of the Zhuang costume and that of minority races in China. This study deploys four styles of design for women's wear. With the inspiration of the traditional Zhuang costume, black and blue were the colors mainly used for the Zhuang people and the material was mostly denim. Denim blends in well for the contemporary facilitation of the Zhuang costume, which is known for knitting technique, fur and hemp fabric as patchwork, and embroidery works. It is appropriate to express the joyful and happy mind of Zhuang people with extraordinary colors, exaggerated silhouettes, and various decorations. Images of nature, such as the sun, mountains, rivers, water, fish etc., expressed the nature worship of the Zhuang in contemporary design, representing the simple life and peaceful mind. This research develops a new fashion design and displays the possibility for diverse design development through new insight in contemporary fashion design.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.202-205
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• 2011

The Angelica root has been used as a medicinal herb in many Asian countries including Korea, China, and Japan. Angelica gigas, A. sinensis, and A. acutiloba have been considered as Angelicae radix in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia, respectively. Since the origins of Angelicae radix differ from country to country, there is a need to develop an efficient analytical method to identify the origin of the Angelica root. In order to obtain chemical fingerprints, three different Angelicae Radices were analyzed by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Significantly different DART-MS spectra were observed from three different species of Angelicae Radix. Strong peaks of decursin or decusinol angelate, and its dimer were exclusively found from A. gigas. Ligustilide and linoleic acid were detected as the major component from A. acutiloba. The strongest ligustilide peak was observed from A. sinensis. DART-MS fingerprinting is a promising method for the rapid identification and/or quality control of Angelicae Radix.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the status and factors associated with self-management behavior (SMB) of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a border area of southwest China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with T2DM patients in Dali, China. The participants filled in the questionnaires including demographic and disease-related characteristics, psychosocial status, resources of DM knowledge, knowledge of DM care, competency in DM care skills, the Chinese Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (C-DMSES), and the Chinese Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (C-SDSCA). All the data were analyzed with SPSS version 26. Multiple linear regression analysis examined associations between predictors and SMB. Results: A total of 470 valid questionnaires have been collected. The score for overall SMB was 50.71± 11.99; 19.6% of patients were at a good level, 48.3% were moderate, and 32.1% were poor. The significant factors that influenced SMB included self-efficacy (β= 0.37; p< .001), competency in DM care skills (β= 0.22; p< .001) and lacked in the treatment confidence (β= -0.09; p= .023). Conclusion: The level of self-management among T2DM patients in this area was medium-low state. For future studies, our findings suggest that self-efficacy, competency in DM care skills, and treatment confidence should be considered essential factors in improving the self-management behavior of T2DM patients in the border area of southwest China.