• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.452-462
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the dietary behaviors and lifestyles of Korean university students and Chinese international students in the Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 241 Korean university students and 198 Chinese international students. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. Breakfast-skipping among subjects was very common, and the most frequently given reason for skipping this meal was 'lack of time'. More than 85% of Korean male students and 75% of Korean female students reported regularly eating lunch in university canteens or restaurants around campus, whereas 86% of Chinese male students and 82% of Chinese female students regularly ate their lunches in university canteens or at home. About 62% of Korean male students, 72% of Korean female students, 48% of Chinese male students, and 70% of Chinese female students responded that they do not regularly eat dinner, the main reasons cited for this being 'irregularity of lifestyle' and 'part-time work'. Snack intake by the subjects was high. Beverages were the snack item most frequently consumed by Korean and Chinese male students, whereas cookies and fruits were most frequently consumed by Korean and Chinese female students. About 28% of Korean male students and 44% of Chinese male students were smokers, respectively. Half of Chinese female students drank alcohol once or twice a week. About 42% of Korean male students and 65% of Chinese male students played sports, respectively. Dietary behaviors and lifestyles of Korean and Chinese students tended to be very similar. Chinese students performed more health-oriented activities in comparison to Korean students. In conclusion, a practical and foreigner-friendly nutritional education program should be devised in order to correct the dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles of Korean and Chinese students.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.334-343
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• 2021

Background: Gut microbiota mainly function in the biotransformation of primary ginsenosides into bioactive metabolites. Herein, we investigated the effects of three prebiotic fibers by targeting gut microbiota on the metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 in vivo. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were administered with ginsenoside Rb1 after a two-week prebiotic intervention of fructooligosaccharide, galactooligosaccharide, and fibersol-2, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ginsenoside Rb1 and its metabolites was performed, whilst the microbial composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota were examined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Results: The results showed that peak plasma concentration and area under concentration time curve of ginsenoside Rb1 and its intermediate metabolites, ginsenoside Rd, F2, and compound K (CK), in the prebiotic intervention groups were increased at various degrees compared with those in the control group. Gut microbiota dramatically responded to the prebiotic treatment at both taxonomical and functional levels. The abundance of Prevotella, which possesses potential function to hydrolyze ginsenoside Rb1 into CK, was significantly elevated in the three prebiotic groups (P < 0.05). The gut metagenomic analysis also revealed the functional gene enrichment for terpenoid/polyketide metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism, etc. Conclusion: These findings imply that prebiotics may selectively promote the proliferation of certain bacterial stains with glycoside hydrolysis capacity, thereby, subsequently improving the biotransformation and bioavailability of primary ginsenosides in vivo.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.125-134
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to survey and report on the international programs for Chinese Medicine in China. Methods: Online research was conducted based on a survey of official websites of 25 universities of Chinese medicine. In certain situations, we used e-mail or phone calls to get more detailed information. Results: Among 25 universities of Chinese medicine, 22 operate international programs for Chinese medicine. The main contents of the programs are acupuncture, moxibustion, tuina, Chinese materia medica, cosmetology or qigong, and an average 400 foreign students finish each program yearly. China has maintained the lead in international education of traditional Oriental medicine, and has already established a systematic and remarkable infrastructure for globalization of Chinese medicine. Conclusions: This study can inform the development of strategy in the process of raising the competitiveness of Korean medicine in the world market.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.19
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• pp.59-81
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• 1992

This study investigates Japanese-made Chinese Characters in JIS X 0212-1990(Code of the Su n.0, pplementary Japanese Graphic Character Set for Information Interchange). As a results of detailed investigation, it is found that the number of Japanese-made Chinese Characters in su n.0, pplementary set reaches to 69 characters. Among them, 29 characters are not listed even in the best known chinese character dictionary [대한화사전]. 30 characters are found in the chinese character dictionaries published in Korea, while 39 characters are not found in any of those dictionaries. The distinctive characteristic of Japanese-made Chinese characters is that those chinese characters are made in order to name the things, such as fishes, birds, trees, which do not have Chinese-made Chinese Characters.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2012

Accompanied by Chinese strong economic growth rates and development of demand for the construction industry, Chinese construction industry has already become one of the largest construction markets in the world. Unfortunately, the frequent occurrence of safety incidents on Chinese construction sites is a large obstacle for other countries construction companies seeking to enter the Chinese construction market. This study aims to analyze and compare the safety awareness of Chinese and Korean construction workers. Our research showed that the safety awareness of Korean construction workers is far higher than that of their Chinese counterparts, particularly in terms of the efficiency of safety education and the observance of safety rules. The development of a safety management plan based on these results will contribute to reducing the frequency of accidents on Chinese construction sites.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

This paper has done a study of Chinese-Korean cooperative multimedia design education. Sino-Korean school of multimedia was set up by Shanghai University of Engineering Science (SUES) and Korea Dongseo University in October 2002. We have created "3.5+0.5 Teaching Model". In this model, Chinese and Korea professors take courses together. Firstly, paper points our the Chinese government policy background of Chinese-Foreign Cooperation in running schools and the development of Chinese-Korean cooperative multimedia design education in SUES. Secondly, by analyzing the multimedia design industry to understand the Chinese multi-media design education. Thirdly, paper made in-depth studies for "3.5+0.5 Teaching Model" so as to draw the experience of successes and problems. Through analysis of "Questionnaires for students' learning and living conditions in Dongseo University in 2009" by spss 16.0, paper made a research of mode of "A semester studying in Korea". Finally, paper points out the development direction of Chinese-Korean cooperative multimedia design.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.181-195
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to explore the degree of children's access to media and the relationship between the use of media and language development of Korean-Chinese bilingual children in Yanji, China. Questionnaires were answered by 258 4th graders and their parents. The results showed that the children had an access to a variety of media. The children's use of language(Korean/ Chinese) differed to the type of media： they had more access to Korean language in the use of newspapers/magazines, books, and radio, and to Chinese language in the use of computer. They had comparatively a balanced access to Korean/chinese language in the use of TV. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that the children's access to Chinese language in the use of media, proficiency of a parent's Chinese language, and a parent's affection were related to proficiency of the children's Chinese language. Implications are derived from the use of media in development of bilingualism.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 1992

To analyze royal nad Chinese envoy procession, and sacrificial rite of Chinese envoy for Choson Dynasty, the author studied historic book-Youngjeob Dogam Sajechong Euigwae of Choson Dynasty(1609 year) in which Chinese envoy procession for sacrificial rite in Choson Dynasty were described. The results obtained from this study were as follows. 1. Sacrificial rite of Chinese envoy for Choson Dynasty were Yellow paper burning and performing a sacrificial rite of chinese envoy. 2. Order of Chinese envoy procession for Yellow paper burng and performint a sacrificial rite of Chinese envoy, was civil and military officers, flag procession, drum, palanquin of incense, palanquin of guneral oration, palaquin of material for guneral expenses, palanquin of rich viands and sumptuous fare and Chinese envoy. 3. Things offered in sacrifice of Yellow paper burning were fried cake made of wheat flour, honey and oil, fried gutinous rice cake, patterned savory cake, fruits, meat fish and others broil, slices of boiled beef, soup, stew, noodles, 3cups of alcohol, rice cake and water. 4. Things offered in sacrifice of performing a sacrificial rite of Chinese envoy were a cattle, a hog, a sheep, 3 cups of alcohol and etc.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

This paper makes a quantitative analysis of the diachronic evolution of ancient Chinese vocabulary by constructing and counting a large-scale rough annotated corpus. The texts from Si Ku Quan Shu (a collection of Chinese ancient books) are automatically segmented to obtain ancient Chinese vocabulary with time information, which is used to the statistics on word frequency, standardized type/token ratio and proportion of monosyllabic words and dissyllabic words. Through data analysis, this study has the following four findings. Firstly, the high-frequency words in ancient Chinese are stable to a certain extent. Secondly, there is no obvious dissyllabic trend in ancient Chinese vocabulary. Moreover, the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589 AD) and Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD) are probably the two periods with the most abundant vocabulary in ancient Chinese. Finally, the unique words with high frequency in each dynasty are mainly official titles with real power. These findings break away from qualitative methods used in traditional researches on Chinese language history and instead uses quantitative methods to draw macroscopic conclusions from large-scale corpus.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.408-419
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• 2023

Background: Ginsenoside compound K (CK), the main active metabolite in Panax ginseng, has shown good safety and bioavailability in clinical trials and exerts neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemic stroke. However, its potential role in the prevention of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside CK against cerebral I/R injury. Methods: We used a combination of in vitro and in vivo models, including oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion induced PC12 cell model and middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion induced rat model, to mimic I/R injury. Intracellular oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate were analyzed by Seahorse multifunctional energy metabolism system; ATP production was detected by luciferase method. The number and size of mitochondria were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and MitoTracker probe combined with confocal laser microscopy. The potential mechanisms of ginsenoside CK on mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergy were evaluated by RNA interference, pharmacological antagonism combined with co-immunoprecipitation analysis and phenotypic analysis. Results: Ginsenoside CK pretreatment could attenuate mitochondrial translocation of DRP1, mitophagy, mitochondrial apoptosis, and neuronal bioenergy imbalance against cerebral I/R injury in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our data also confirmed that ginsenoside CK administration could reduce the binding affinity of Mul1 and Mfn2 to inhibit the ubiquitination and degradation of Mfn2, thereby elevating the protein level of Mfn2 in cerebral I/R injury. Conclusion: These data provide evidence that ginsenoside CK may be a promising therapeutic agent against cerebral I/R injury via Mul1/Mfn2 mediated mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergy.