• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.150-162
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• 2023

Objective: To investigate craniofacial differences in individuals with hypodontia and explore the relationship between craniofacial features and the number of congenitally missing teeth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 Chinese patients (males, 124; females, 137; age, 7-24 years), divided into four groups (without hypodontia: no teeth missing, mild: one or two missing teeth, moderate: three to five missing teeth, severe: six or more missing teeth) according to the number of congenitally missing teeth. Differences in cephalometric measurements among the groups were analyzed. Further, multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of congenitally missing teeth and the cephalometric measurements. Results: In patients with hypodontia, SNA, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, UL-EP, and LL-EP significantly decreased, while Pog-NB, AB-NP, N-ANS, and S-Go/N-Me significantly increased. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SNB, Pog-NB, and S-Go/N-Me were positively related to the number of congenitally missing teeth. In contrast, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, N-Me, ANS-Me, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, SGn-FH (Y-axis), UL-EP, and LL-EP were negatively related, with absolute values of regression coefficients ranging from 0.147 to 0.357. Further, NA-AP, Pog-NB, S-Go/N-Me, and GoGn-SN showed the same tendency in both sexes, whereas UL-EP and LL-EP were different. Conclusions: Compared with controls, patients with hypodontia tend toward a Class III skeletal relationship, reduced lower anterior face height, flatter mandibular plane, and more retrusive lips. The number of congenitally missing teeth had a greater effect on certain characteristics of craniofacial morphology in males than in females.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2005

As a circumstantial-existance character (the human character who takes action after grasping circumstances and fears things with reason) the Japanese were more interested in the active doctrines of Wang Yang-ming than other speculative studies. All of people were inhumanely incorporated into the rigorous class system under pressure in the samurai society. In the atmosphere of the society a natural phenomenon was understood as the ksana of change, and instead of the whole, the part was mainly described with emphasis on the reality. Therefore nature came near to the man after being reduced and then was symbolized in the Interior space. Also the classification of spaces, that is to say, the settlement of borders by the social position was shown in the great interior space like a labyrinth. As a self-existance character(the human style who carves out for and does not have a regard other's feeling), however, the Korean were much influenced by the Taoist Idea as they tried to be similar to nature in nature itself. Therefore the idea of Asaniskrota was in their origin. There was a tendency for space to be extended toward the outdoor in Korea, since the Korean people who are speculative and like to be natural tried to be close to nature. Therefore the division of spaces according to class and sexuality and the settlement of borders were already shown in outside by Che-Na-Num(Divided-Mass:Koren's own style). These are closely related with that houses were built after a village settle down in Korea while built before a village settle down in Japan. Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and (on of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own Identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word 'reduction' and the exterior-oriented character to 'extension' after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2005

Recently the rural Korea has been remarkedly changed of family and social value in accordance with the development of industry. The lower economic class made by social economic growth is widespread with increasing aged, specially odd pair family in rural. The purpose of this study was to investigate to help and keep improve health of rural lower economic class, family system by comparing and analyzing the dietary management, between pair and odd pair family, and to get the data helpful the right guidance for rural. The subjects 1870 collected in 9 provinces by sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS). Questionnaire about dietary habit, food cultivation, production and preservation survey was conducted by trained interviewers. The main results were as follows : 1) The characteristics of odd pair families, head of household was female(77%), over 65 years(84.9%), small family(1.76 persons) and lower education(male 7.5 years, female 3.1 years) status. 2) As the states of diets of odd pair family, having breakfast(87.1 %) but one or two kinds of side dishes(31.3 %) only possible to guess lower status of food intake balance. Nutritional supplements(21. 7 %) was lower than that of paired family. 3) The aspects of dietary habit of odd pair family, no instant foods(70.7%), no snack(38.4%) no dine out(69.2%) were common. 4) Dietary habit scores were 7.78 points of odd pair family compared 8.34 points of paired family. 5) Food purchase place of odd pair family was market(44.2%) but super-market(42.7%) of paired family. 6)In odd pair family, seldom traditional dish preparation(62.0%) but prepared winter kimchi(81.9%), comparing seldom traditional dish(38.6%) and winter kimchi(96.4%) in paired family. 7)The food cultivation state was surveyed, pepper( 42.2 %) and chinese cabbage( 43.9 %) were consumed after cultivation, but sesame(59.4%), bean sprout(90.2%), tofu(92.8%) and egg(93.3%) were consumed by purchase in odd pair family.8) Food cultivation score of odd pair family was 2.98/12points significantly lower than 4.50/12 points of paired family(p<0.01). 9) At the status of fermentation food production in odd pair family, Duenjang(72.1 %) and Gochujang(69.7%) Kanjang(68.3%) Kimchi(82.1 %) and Meju(68.3%) were high rate of production, but more frequently producted in pair family. 10) The score of fermentation food production of odd pair family was 8.57/12points but significantly lower than 10.24/12 points of pair family(p<0.0001). 11) Food preservation score 0.48/6 points in odd pair family was not significantly different than that of pair family(1.07/6points).

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2023

이 연구의 목적은 가정교재연구및지도법 교과목과 그에 대한 교수법, 그리고 중국어교재연구및지도법 교과목과 그에 대한 교수법을 중심으로 융복합 교과목 모델을 개발하고 적용하는 것이다. 이 연구는 예비 교사들이 미래의 교육 현장에서 다양한 교육 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있도록 준비시키기 위한 틀을 제공하고자 하였다. 이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해, Fogarty의 Connected Model을 활용하여, 융복합 교육과정이 학생들 사이에서 협력적이고 다양한 사고를 촉진하는 영향을 탐구하였다. 연구 결과에서는 이 모델이 교과목 수강생의 융복합 소양을 향상시켰으며, 교과목 및 전공에 관한 지식 전달을 넘어 교육 공동체를 형성하는 데 필요한 역량을 키우고, 수업에 대한 만족도도 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 이 연구는 학습자 중심의 전략, 협동 학습, 그리고 다양한 평가 메커니즘의 중요성을 입증하였다. 이러한 융복합 교과목 모델은 예비 교사 교육을 혁신할 뿐만 아니라 현장 교육에도 적용될 수 있어, 더 넓은 범위의 교육 문제 해결에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 1988

남부고냉지(南部高冷地) 채소주산지(菜蔬主産地)의 토양성(土壤性)을 조사(調査)하여 소득작물(所得作物) 안전다수확(安全多收穫) 재배(栽培)를 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공(提供)코자 호남지역(湖南地域)의 채소단지(菜蔬團地)를 대상(對象)으로 작부유형(作付類型), 토양형태적(土壤形態的) 특성(特性) 및 화학성(化學性)을 조사(調査)하였던바 그 결과(結果)를 보고(報告)하는 바이다. 1. 진안(鎭安)과 장수지역(長水地域)은 무우가 각각(各各) 76.5%와 65.4%, 운봉지역(雲峰地域)은 배추(71.1%)재배(栽培)가 주종(主種)을 이루어 년(年)2작(作)을 하고 있었다. 2. 지형(地形)은 진안(鎭安), 장수(長水), 운봉지역(雲峰地域) 공(共)히 산록경사지(山麓傾斜地)에서 각각(各各) 69, 77, 85%가 재배(栽培)되고 있으며, 표고(標高)는 진안(鎭安) 및 운봉지역(雲峰地域)은 준고냉지(準高冷地)에서 각각(各各) 85, 69%, 장수(長水)는 고랭지(高冷地)에서 62.0%가 분포(分布)되어 있었다. 3. 작토심(作土深)은 진안(鎭安)과 장수(長水)는 0~10cm, 운봉(雲峰)은 11~15cm였으며, 표토(表土)의 석력함량등급(石礫含量等級)은 진안(鎭安)이 4급지(級地), 장수(長水)와 운봉지역(雲峰地域)은 공(共)히 3급지(級地)였다. 4. 토양(土壤)의 유형별(類型別) 분포(分布)는 운봉지역(雲峰地域)이 보통전(普通田)(69.2%), 진안(鎭安)은 사질(砂質)이면서 역질형(礫質型)(46.1%), 장수(長水)는 보통전(普通田)과 역질(礫質)의 사질전(砂質田)이 각각(各各) 39, 38%였다. 5. 적성등급(適性等級)은 진안(鎭安), 장수(長水) 및 운봉지역(雲峰地域)에서 전(田)으로의 부적지(不適地)인 5급지(級地)가 각각(各各) 46, 38, 31%로 밝혀졌다. 6. 지형별(地形別) 화학적(化學的) 특성(特性)은 곡간지(谷間地)에서 산록경사지(山麓傾斜地), 산악지(山岳地)로 갈수록 유효인산(有效燐酸)$(-0.344^*)$, 칼슘$(-0.398^*)$, 칼륨$(-0.485^{**})$, 양(陽)이온치환용량(置換容量)$(-0.325^*)$ 등(等)이 뚜렷하게 낮아졌다. 7. 경작연수별(耕作年數別) 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)은 경작연수(耕作年數)가 경과(經過)할 수 양(陽)이온치환용량(置換容量)$(-0.552^{**})$, 전질소(全窒素)$(-0.559^{**})$의 함량(含量)은 낮아진 반면(反面) 유효인산(有效燐酸)$(-0.671^{**})$, 칼륨$(-0.543^{**})$ 함량(含量) 등(等)은 높아졌다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2007

Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) is the first chinese specialized book of diagnostics written by Wang Hee(Wang xi, 王熙) from Seo Jin(xi jin, 西晉). He assorted the contents with pulse and medical examination from Nae Kyoung(nei jing, 內經), Nan Kyoung(nan jing, 難經), Sang Han Ron(shang han lun, 傷寒論) and Jung Jang Kyoung(zhong cang jing, 中藏經). And united with his own research, he explains medical examination and the way of talking the pulse by classifying into entrance and class. Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) was imported Korea by Ji Chong(zhi cong, 知聰) AD 561, and he passed through Ko Ku Ryeo(gao gou li, 高句麗) with Nae Wei Jeon(nei wai dian, 內外典), Yak Seo(yao shu, 藥書), Myung Dang Do(ming tang tu, 明堂圖) and Maek Kyoung(Mai Jing, 脈經) to be naturalized in Japan. This treatise make a special study of the second volume of the Maek Kyoung. It consists of the four chapters: Pyoung Sam Kwan Eum Yang E Sip Sa Ki Maek Je II(平三關陰陽二十四氣脈第一), Pyoung In Young Sin Mun Ki Ku Jeon Hu Maek Je E(平人迎神門氣口前後脈第二), Pyoung Sam Kwan Byoung Hu Byoung Chi Eui Je Sam(平三關病侯幷治宜第三), and Pyoung Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Byoung Je Sa(平寄經八脈病第四). Bi Geup Choun Geum Yo Bang(備急千金要方) and Eui Hak Ip Mun(醫學入門) quoted from the contents in the second volume of Maek Kyoung, and Bin Ho Maek Hak(瀕湖脈學), Gi Kyoung Pal Maek Go(奇經八脈攷) and Maek Eo(脈語) extracted from contents in the second volume of the Maek Kyoung and requoted from this contents. Contents in the second volume of the Maek Kyoung have very valuable data like that, but the literature on this subject in the form of a treatise has not been yet in Korea. So I hope this study will be useful to develope Diagnostics by correcting translation and interpretation and fixing wrong translation.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.208-208
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• 1996

In this work we investigated coupling of the m2 and m4 subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity in detector neuroblastoma cells was used as an index of generation of nitric oxide (NO) in CHO cells. The agonist carbachol induced marked time and concentration-dependent enhancement of the activity of nNOS at m2 receptors. In sharp contrast, the response in CHO cells transfected with the m4 receptor gene was similar in magnitude to that observed in non-transfected cells, suggesting lack of significant coupling of m4 muscarinic receptors to NO signaling. This novel observation of functional divergence of the two muscarinic receptor subtypes at the level of activation of nNOS is quite intriguing, in light of the currently accepted dogma that they belong to the same functional class. This functional selectivity was not due to differential effects on intracellular Ca$\^$2+/ concentration, since activation of both subtypes of muscarinic receptors produced a comparable, albeit quite small, Ca$\^$2+/ signal. Taken together, our present data strongly suggest that the generally assumed functional equivalence of m2 and m4 muscarinic receptors should be carefully reexamined. These data also suggest the presence of alternate mechanisms of activation of nNOS, which might be operative in the absence of large changes in the concentration of cellular Ca$\^$2+/. The latter mechanisms are expected to be activated by m2, but not m4 muscarinic receptors. Both sets of findings are quits important in regards to refining the functional classification of muscarinic receptor subtypes and the cellular mechanisms of activation of NOS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1228-1235
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• 2014

The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)-DRA locus is noteworthy among other SLA class II loci for its limited variation and has not been investigated in depth. This study was investigated to detect polymorphisms of four exons of SLA-DRA gene and its association with piglet diarrhea in Landrace, Large White and Duroc pigs. No polymorphisms were detected in exon 3, while 2 SNPs (c.178G>A and c.211T>C), 2 SNPs (c.3093A>C and c.3104C>T) and 5 SNPs (c.4167A>G, c.4184A>G, c.4194A>G, c.4246A>G and c.4293G>A) were detected in exon 1, exon 2 and exon 4 respectively, and 1 SNP (c.4081T>C) in intron 3. Statistical results showed that genotype had significant effect on piglet diarrhea, individuals with genotype BC had a higher diarrhea score when compared with the genotypes AA, AB, AC and CC. Futhermore, genotype AC had a higher diarrhea score than the genotype CC in exon 1 (p<0.05); diarrhea scores of genotype AA and BB were higher than those of genotypes AC and CC in exon 2 (p<0.05); individuals with genotype AA had a higher diarrhea score than individuals with genotype AB and BB in exon 4 (p<0.05). Fourteen common haplotypes were founded by haplotype constructing of all SNPs in the three exons, its association with piglet diarrhea appeared that Hap2, 5, 8, 10, and 14 may be the susceptible haplotypes and Hap9 may be the resistant haplotype to piglet diarrhea. The genetic variations identified of the SLA-DRA gene may potentially be functional mutations related to piglet diarrhea.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

불꽃놀이는 한국명 연화(煙火), 중국명 폭죽(爆竹), 일본명 하나비(화화(花火)), 영어명 파이어웍스 디스플레이(Fireworks display)로 표기되며 화약류를 연소 폭발시켜서 빛, 소리, 열, 형태, 연기, 연막, 시간지연, 운동에너지 등을 조합하여 예술적인 감각을 연출시키는 공학으로써 공예술학으로 불리는 일종의 예술행위이다. 우리나라의 연화기술은 세계적으로 인정 받고 있다. 1980년대에 개발이 완료되었고, 1990년대에 완숙단계를 거쳐 향후 2010년 이후에는 환경안전을 고려한 최첨단 나노 생명공학으로 발전하여야 할 것이다. 본 논문은 2008년 부산불꽃축제를 중심으로 현황 및 발전방향과 개선안을 제시하였으며 즐거운 불꽃축제 후의 환경 오염정도 조사와 대책마련, 저장소관리, 불발탄 및 폐기물처리, 시민의식의 향상 등 개선이 요망된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2008

Rhus verniciflua Stokes(RVS), one of traditional medicinal plants in Asia, was found to have pharmacological activities such as antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects, raising the possibility for the development of a novel class of anti-cancer drugs. Thus, potential genotoxic effects of RVS in three short-term mutagenicity assays were investigated, which included the Ames assay, in vitro Chromosomal aberration test, and the in vivo Micronucleus assay. In Ames test, the addition of RVS water extracts at doses from 313 up to 5000 mg/plate induced an increase more than 2-fold over vehicle control in the number of revertant colonies in TA98 and TA1537 strains for detecting the frame-shift mutagens. The similar increase in reversion frequency was observed after the addition of RVS ethanol extracts. To assess clastogenic effect, in vitro chromosomal aberration test and in vivo micronucleus assay were performed using Chinese hamster lung cells and male ICR mice, respectively. Both water and ethanol extracts from RVS induced significant increases in the number of metaphases with structural aberrations mostly at concentrations showing the cell survival less than 60% as assessed by in vitro CA test. Also, there was a weak but statistically significant increase in number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes(MNPCEs) in mice treated with water extract at 2000 mg/kg while ethanol extracts of RVS at doses of up to 2000 mg/kg did not induce any statistically significant changes in the incidence of MNPCEs. Therefore, our results lead to conclusion that RVS acts as a genotoxic material based on the available in vitro and in vivo results.