• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.107-118
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• 2014

Purpose - Due to the recent slowdown of growth in global luxury brands, which have been an engine of our domestic fashion market growth, there is an increasing need to develop a global market for domestic high-priced fashion brands. In spite of the large scale of trade between Korea and China with respect to fashion products, current trade concentrates on middle- and low-priced products rather than high-priced products. Diversification of the trade between Korea and China in terms of the price levels of trade products is needed. An understanding of Chinese consumption values and purchase intentions for luxury fashion brands will be very helpful for the establishment of strategies with the aim of increasing the level of trade with regard to high-priced fashion products. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the differences in the clothing consumption values of South Korean and Chinese women in their 20s, especially with reference to how those values affect their preference and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. Research design, data, methodology - The study was implemented through a descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample consisted of 283 Korean and 306 Chinese women in their 20s, residing in Seoul, Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai. Data were collected from March 3 to 15, 2014. A total of 589 completed responses were analyzed. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Results - Fivefactors for clothing consumption values were formulated: conspicuous/social value, fashionability value, personality expression value, hedonic value, and practical value. There were significant differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in clothing consumption values (except social value), preference, and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. With regard to clothing consumption values, Chinese women attached more importance to fashionability value, personality expression value, hedonic value, and practical value than South Korean women. In addition, Chinese women's preference and purchase intention for luxury fashion brands were higher than South Korean women's. Second, in the case of South Korean women, social value, practical value, and fashionability value had positive effects on preferences for luxury fashion brands, while attractive/personality expression value and hedonic value had no influence. In contrast, in the case of Chinese women, social value and fashionability value had positive effects on preference for the luxury fashion brands. Third, in the case of South Korean women, social value and practical value had positive effects on purchase intentions for luxury fashion brands. In contrast, in the case of Chinese women, social value, personality expression value, and fashionability value had positive effects on purchase intention for luxury fashion brands. Conclusions - Considering the findings of the study, it is clear that differentiated marketing strategies are needed for luxury fashion brand markets in Korea and China. The results of the study could provide useful information that will help increase the effectiveness of luxury fashion brand marketing strategies in Korea and China.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.889-901
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to look into the physical features for each residential area by the age, with the female subjects residing in Beijing and Shanghai. This would provide the specific information regarding the body types of Chinese adult women, and additionally it would assist the effective advancement into the Chinese local markets by serving as the basic data for the size development and fitting improvement of clothing products for Chinese women. The body measurements were made with 525 adult female subjects of 20 to 49 years of age, residing in Beijing and Shanghai, China. The number of measurements items was 79. The results are as follows: As they grew older, the women residing in Beijing and Shanghai all showed increases in the items of width, thickness, girth, and length, which are highly correlated with the physical obesity, while they did not show any differences by the age range in the item of height. Differences were also found in the tendency of the type distribution by the age range of Chinese adult women in each residential area. As they grew older, the women residing on Beijing showed increases in the distribution of Body type 2 and Body type 4, which clearly indicated the features of obesity. On the other hand, the women residing in Shanghai showed the almost similar distribution in their 20's and 30's, while those in their 40's showed a high frequency in Body type 2 than in Body type 4.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.133-150
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• 2014

This study is aimed at examining the employment preparation of Chinese migrant women and exploring measures to support their employment in a practical manner. To accomplish the objectives, in-depth interviews with 15 Han Chinese and Korean Chinese women, who represent the highest proportion in Korea, were conducted. Each interview lasted for about an hour and a half on average, and there were additional questionnaires and observations on vocational courses. Collected data was analyzed in 4 steps by utilizing the analysis methods suggested by Lichtman (the three C's of data analysis: codes, categories, concepts), which were transformed to fit the final data. The research findings are as follows. First, the fundamental reasons that Chinese migrant women seek employment in Korea are as follows: role model as a mother based on motherhood and the desire to be recognized as a member of society. Second, as for employment strategies, although all the respondents were only dependent on the referral of their acquaintances and national institutions, Han Chinese and Korean Chinese women had ambivalent attitudes toward each other. Third, they attributed the causes of unemployment to personal aspects such as the amount of effort made and luck, and social structural aspects, including employment instability and low acceptance of multi- cultural individuals. Fourth, the migrant women hoping for 'complete integration' in the future, suggested some practical employment support measures. Such measures should be established by comprehensively reflecting their reasons for getting a job, employment strategies, attributions of unemployment, and employment outlook, rather than as response measures to the low birth rate and aging issues in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.760-769
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to assess the level of physical activity among Chinese immigrant women and to determine the relationships of physical activity with individual characteristics and behavior-specific cognition. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 161 Chinese immigrant women living in Busan. A health promotion model of physical activity adapted from Pender's Health Promotion Model was used. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data during the period from September 25 to November 20, 2012. Using SPSS 18.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were done. Results: The average level of physical activity of the Chinese immigrant women was $1,050.06{\pm}686.47$ MET-min/week and the minimum activity among types of physical activity was most dominant (59.6%). As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was confirmed that self-efficacy and acculturation were statistically significant variables in the model (p<.001), with an explanatory power of 23.7%. Conclusion: The results indicate that the development and application of intervention strategies to increase acculturation and self-efficacy for immigrant women will aid in increasing the physical activity in Chinese immigrant women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.68-88
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of Chinese minority women's waistbands, in view of their lifestyle, costume, and symbolism. The research method combined literature research and case study. In the case study, this research targeted the secondary data of a total of 215 pieces from books, articles and the internet. A total of 5 pieces per each representative women's waistband of 43 minorities, excluding those who did not wear a waistband, we collected. We then quantitatively analyzed the form and decoration of the waistbands. As a result of considering the form, the waistbands of Chinese minorities per region were closely related to the costumes, mainly showing high similarity in respect to color and decoration. Moreover, the decorations of the waistbands were most often made from their own area's special products, such as silver, bronze, cotton, and linen, amongst other. The form and decoration of the Chinese minority women's waistbands were all connected with functionality, aesthetic impression, and symbolism, which can be said to be an important part of understanding Chinese minority costume culture. This research contributes to the development and preservation of Chinese minorities' costume culture by considering and analyzing unique costume factors besides giving excellent fashion design ideas for contemporary fashion.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to compare the constitutions comparatively among Korean, Chinese and Chosunjok college women and thereby, provide for some basic data helpful to the development of export apparels befitting the Chinese consumers, For this purpose, Korean, Chinese and Chosunjok college women aged between 17 and 24 were sampled to be subject to body measurements. The measurement data obtained were indexed for each part of the body to set a total 29 constitutional indices, which were analyzed by factor dictating the major shapes of body, Thus, based on the constructed, the differences of constitution among three groups were comparatively analyzed. The results of this study of this study can be summarized as follows; It was found through this study that Korean college women had thickest neck compared with body size and had longer lower limbs compared with stature, Moreover, their lower body was absolutely longer than the other two groups, and thus, Korean college women were found slimmest. On the other hand, Chinese college women had most voluminous chest turned over with shorter and thicker body. they were obesest. Chosunjok college women had longest upper body but shortest breast length. Their lower body was obesest, and their body was longer compared with stature. Moreover, Chosunjok college women's lower limbs were shortest, while their arm scyes were small nearest body type.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.108-120
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• 1999

This research analyzes characterization and classification of body types for the Chinese women with body measurement values. The measurement has gauged in 1999 in Beijing Institute of Clothing Technology in China. 100 women of the Chinese college women aged 17 and 24 in China were measured for this research. In the results of frequency analysis, the tall of Chinese women were 158.37㎝ and also has less than 150㎝ high, and has thick under bust circumference, and has a group of more than 18㎝ for width of nipple. In the results of factor analysis, Factor 1 represented the degree of abesity, while factor 2 indicated the stature and the arm length. The body types are classified into five types by cluster analysis. The stature and weight varied according to types, leading to a classification focusing on the body size determined by stature and weight factors.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.56
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• pp.267-295
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the material status of women's epistolary literature published in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s and analyze gender consciousness shown in them. To this end, five kinds of representative modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s were selected and 55 women's letters published in them were summarized. Through this, it was pointed out that the subjects of women's epistolary literature are mainly 'males' of families and the form of 'reply.' This implies that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese recognized women's Chinese letters as a secondary means to prepare for inevitable communication with men rather than the leading medium of communication. The first aspect of gender consciousness shown in women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is to reaffirm the traditional gender order by calling and resetting women as the position and role in the family. The second aspect of gender consciousness is that female education materials which seemed to reflect the modern gender order are actually mentioned under the very skeptical view. The third characteristic aspect of gender consciousness is that the motif of 'discipline about economic activity' is only noticeable in women's epistolary published in modern study materials for writing letters. This setting was regarded as a means that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese transferred the responsibilities of maintaining livelihood and managing household to women. Women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is the material which is noticeable in terms of showing the possibility of female Chinese Writing in modern times but according to the analysis of this paper, it is the text showing female form and women's writing judged within thoroughly male-centered imagination. That is, women's epistle text has a significance that allows us to read conservative reentry of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese more clearly.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.211-227
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health literacy levels of Asian immigrant women and factors associated with health literacy focusing on Korean-Chinese and other Asian immigrants in Korea. Methods: Data were drawn from 258 immigrant women, comprising 56 Korean-Chinese and 202 other immigrants from the Philippines, Vietnam, Japan, Cambodia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Taiwan, and Han-Chinese. The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine - Short Form (REALM-SF) was used to assess health literacy, which consisted of seven medical words in Korean (behavior, exercise, menopause, rectal, antibiotics, anemia, and jaundice). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe$ post hoc test, and hierarchical regression. Results: Korean-Chinese women showed significantly higher levels of health literacy ($M=6.41{\pm}1.07$), compared to their other immigrant counterparts ($M=4.55{\pm}2.15$). While Korean-Chinese women with longer time since immigration (p=.048) reported higher health literacy, for other immigrants, those living with children (p<.001), longer time since immigration (p=.011), and greater Korean language proficiency (p=.004) showed an association with higher health literacy. Conclusion: When providing health care services and health education, health care professionals should consider differences in levels of health literacy and factors associated with health literacy among Korean Chinese and other immigrants.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.117-133
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• 2022

In order to reflect traditional elements in modern design, designers should be able to creatively apply elements of traditional Chinese clothing. To understand this, a deep understanding of and insights into the traditional clothing culture are required. In this study, the characteristics of traditional Chinese women's clothing from the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties of China to the Qing Dynasty were analyzed by dividing them into silhouette, color, pattern, materials, and detail. The characteristics of the silhouette were classified into A, H, X, and O types, of which types A and H were the most common. As for the color characteristics, there are relatively many five cardinal colors, and for the contrast of colors complementary colors were mainly used. As the for pattern characteristics, real patterns, animal patterns, character patterns, geometric patterns, and mixed patterns were used. Four types of materials were mainly used: silk, hemp, cotton, and wool. The detail characteristics were also anlyzed by classifying them into collar, sleeve, neckband, and gusset. Based on the results of this analysis, a satisfaction survey was conducted on the design of modern Chinese women's clothing. The result of satisfaction with design elements showed that the images of vest and suit were most preferred, H and X silhouettes, and yellow and white were the most preferred. Geometric and plant patterns were preferred, as were silk and acetate materials. Based on the result of chi-square analysis of design element preferences according to the characteristics of the subject, there was no difference according to occupation, residential area, or income, and there were differences in silhouette, color, materials, and detail according to age.