• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• v.98
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• pp.200-225
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• 2020

This paper, based on "Minhwa Chaekgeori" paintings from the collection of the National Museum of Korea, identifies and discusses fourteen similar works in domestic and international collections as products of the Seokdang workshop. First, the relevant paintings are identified as products of the workshop known as Seokdang (石堂, literally "stone hall") by the workshop's seal that is stamped on them. Second, analysis of the iconography indicates that the paintings were likely produced in the 1920s. Third, research on certain geographic names and addresses associated with this group of paintings suggests that they might not have been separately commissioned, but are rather examples of partially "ready-made" paintings. Fourth, the paper discusses how the designs of various cultural products in these paintings reflects contemporaneous changes in Korea's diplomatic and commercial relations, i.e., the decline of relations with China and rise of relations with the United States and Europe. Finally, a comparison of the Seokdang chaekgeori paintings with the popular chaekgeori paintings produced by Yi Hyeongrok and Yi Deokyeong in the early twentieth century provides important implications for the succession of tradition and innovation in visual culture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.207-207
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• 2021

The Vietnamese Mekong Delta(VMD) covers an area of 62,250 km² in the lowest basin of the Mekong Delta where more than half of the country's total rice production takes place. In 2016, an estimated 1.29 million tonnes of Vietnam's rice were lost to the country's biggest drought in 90 year and particularly in VMD, at least 221,000 hectares of rice paddies were hit by the drought and related saltwater intrusion from the South China Sea. In this study, 3D numerical simulations using Delft3D hydrodynamic models with calibration and validation process were performed to examine flow characteristics, climate change scenarios, water level changes, and salinity concentrations in the nine major estuaries and coastal zones of VMD during the 21^st century. The river flows and their interactions with ocean currents were modeled by Delft3D and since the water levels and saltwater intrusion in the area are sensitive to the climate conditions and upstream dam operations, the hydrodynamic models considered discharges from the dams and climate data provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6). The models were calibrated and verified using observational water levels, salinity distribution, and climate change data and scenarios. The results agreed well with the observed data during calibration and validation periods. The calibrated models will be used to make predictions about the future salinity intrusion events, focusing on the impacts of sea level rise due to global warming and weather elements.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.454-465
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• 2008

Benthic foraminiferal assemblage and AMS radiocarbon dating of core sediments from the northern shelf of the East China Sea were analyzed in order to understand the paleoenvironment and sedimentary environmental changes around the Korean marginal seas since the last glacial maximum (LGM). The core sediments, containing continuous records of the last 16,000 years, reveal a series of well-defined vertical changes in number of species (S), P/T ratio and species diversity (H) as well as foraminiferal assemblage. Such down-core variations display a sharp change at a core depth of approximately 240 cm, which corresponds to ca. 10,000 year B.P. The sediments of the lower part of the core (240${\sim}$560 cm, Zone I), including the well-developed tide-influenced sedimentary structures, are characterized by high abundances of Ammonia beccarii and Elphidium clavatum (s.l.) and low values in number of species, P/T ratio and diversity. These tide-influenced signatures and foraminiferal assemblage characters suggest that the sediments of Zone I were deposited in a coastal environment (water depths of 20${\sim}$30 m) such as tidal estuary with an influence of the paleo-rivers (e.g., old-Huanghe and Yangtze rivers) during the early phase of the sea-level rise (ca. 16,000 to 10,000 years) since the LGM. In contrast, the upper core sediments (0${\sim}$240 cm, Zone II) are characterized by abundant Eilohedra nipponica and Bolivina robusta with a minor contribution of A. ketienziensis angulata and B. marginata. and high values in number of species, P/T ratio and diversity. Based on relative abundance of these assemblage, Zone II can be divided into two subzones (IIa and IIb). Zone IIa is interpreted to be deposited under the inner-to-middle shelf environment during the marine transgression in the early Holocene (after ca. 9,000 yr B.P.) when sea level rapidly increased. The sediments of zone IIb most likely deposited after 6,000 yr B.P. under the outer shelf environment (80${\sim}$100 m water depth), which is similar to modem depositional environments. The muddy sediments of zone IIb were probably transported from the old-Huanghe and Yangtze Rivers during the late Holocene. We suggest that the present-day oceanographic conditions over the Yellow and the East China Seas have been established after ca. 7,000${\sim}$6,000 yr B.P. when the Kuroshio Current began to influence this area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2011

The purpose of this research aims to evaluate the emergence of new business mode in the Chinese water market since the mid-2000s - Transfer-Operate-Transfer(TOT) Projects. The study pays special attention to the case of the Hefei Wangxiaoying Wastewater Treatment TOT Project, which was awarded to the consortium of Berlin Water International and its Chinese partner in late 2004. The consortium secured an exclusive operating right for 23 years on the basis of a TOT scheme and would take responsibility of all the profits and losses in the operation of the plant. The total investment for the transfer amounted to RMB 491 million(US$70 million). The price was more than 288% of the original value, RMB 170 million (US$24 million). The project can be regarded as a successful case because of the following three causes. First, the Hefei government followed a series of standardized procedures in the international bidding, which ignited best-performed international players' competition for the project. Second, the project will bring in cutting-edge operation skills and management know-how. Third, the government succeeded in raising public asset values, and thanks to this, the government is able to consider other similar projects not only in the water sector but also other sectors in public utility services. Nevertheless, Berlin Water's point of view, there are several challenges. First, the company took a risk to pay such a large amount of cash to the Hefei government. Although such premium can be recouped in the operation period of 23 years, whether or not the company would be able to recover the initial investment and realize profits is in question due to an uncertainty of socio-political circumstances in China. Second, Berlin Water should expect a steep rise of water tariffs over the contract period in order to get the investment back. Water pricing is still a sensible matter to Chinese authorities, and therefore, it is uncertain if such rise of water tariffs would be possible. Third, the TOT mode leads to creation of a large amount of cash to government officials, which might have caused corruption between those who are involved in TOT deals. Then, the final contract fee would soar, which often results in the burden of normal customers. As discussed, the TOT mode has drawn much attention of foreign investors as a new alternative to enter into the Chinese water market. But it is important to note that foreign investors should be aware of possible risks in water TOT projects, which reflects some features of the Chinese political economy landscape and social norms. The Hefei case indicates that benefits can overshadow risks in TOT projects, which will continue to attract foreign investors that are dedicated to establishing their strongholds in the Chinese water market.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.944-954
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• 2014

This paper discusses how the traditional cuisine of Korea capitalizes on "nostalgia" for the past. While examining the (re)invention of Buddhist cuisine and Andong food, this paper contends that traditional Korean cuisine is commodified through a process of de-contexualization. This paper first discusses the possibility that the idea of traditional cuisine is an invention in the first place. The history of temple food, for instance, suggests that it was created as a vehicle for circulating and implementing the ruling ideology in the ancient societies of China. This paper then turns to the issue of the growing influence of traditional cuisine in contemporary Korean culture, which is related to the public's demand for healthy food and also tied with the South Korean society's need for promoting a national cuisine in the age of globalization. The rise of traditional cuisine is a sign that people are seeking to reform their eating habits and form a counterculture. Yet, another side of the story is that consumers end up taking part in the self-expanding capitalist market with more consumer choices rather than forming a genuine counterculture. In this respect, the reinvention of temple food is closely related to what Jean and John L. Comaroff call the "emergence of consumption as a privileged site for the fabrication of self and society, of culture and identity".

• Wind and Structures
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.313-350
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• 2016

Taipei 101 Tower, which has 101 stories with height of 508 m, is located in Taipei where typhoons and earthquakes commonly occur. It is currently the second tallest building in the world. Therefore, the dynamic performance of the super-tall building under strong wind actions requires particular attentions. In this study, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) integrated with a new inflow turbulence generator and a new sub-grid scale (SGS) model was conducted to simulate the wind loads on the super-tall building. Three-dimensional finite element model of Taipei 101 Tower was established and used to evaluate the wind-induced responses of the high-rise structure based on the simulated wind forces. The numerical results were found to be consistent with those measured from a vibration monitoring system installed in the building. Furthermore, the equivalent static wind loads on the building, which were computed by the time-domain and frequency-domain analysis, respectively, were in satisfactory agreement with available wind tunnel testing results. It has been demonstrated through the validation studies that the numerical framework presented in this paper, including the recommended SGS model, the inflow turbulence generation technique and associated numerical treatments, is a useful tool for evaluation of the wind loads and wind-induced responses of tall buildings.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.363-384
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• 2008

This study aims at improving Korea's competitiveness in port logistics through marketing strategy with integrating the conceptual approach into the empirical one and combining both the oldest military treatise and the newest evaluating model in social science that was applied by the HFP(hierarchical fuzzy process) model enhanced by the KJ method. The empirical results of this study show Busan in the middle among subject ports. At present, Korea plays a reciprocal role in the port market in East Asia, but in the medium- and long-term, Korea's ports will vie together with most major ports in the East Asian region. A descriptive investigation shows that Korea's developing tasks in port logistics must be considered in the context of the direction for developing port policies, the necessity of expanding port facilities in the capital region, securing the sufficient traffic volume through the establishment of the hinterland linking system and its positive utilization, and reforming the direction for developing the global logistics through increased port competitiveness. In the short- and medium-term, Korea must use the opportunity factor of 'Growth and open door policy of China' as a geoeconomic advantage and to utilize Korea's ports as a gate to Chinese foreign trade. With the rise of China's economy, China also plays a significant role in both port and airport markets. Hence, the linking system between the two must be established to meet the expanding traffic volume, especially in the capital area. Moreover, it is necessary for Korea to secure port logistics through the establishment of the hinterland linking system and its positive utilization. The great accomplishment of this paper is to present strategies to increase Korea's port competitiveness in the rapidly changing environments of world logistics with the focus on both the oldest military strategic treatise and the newest empirical method in social science. In order to reinforce this study, it needs further compensative research because the evaluation structure could be subdivided with more extensive and precise criteria.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.145-158
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• 2017

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the contemporary Chinese fashion market and the competitiveness of Korean fashion brands in China. Fashion professionals experienced in both the Korean and Chinese fashion markets participated to investigate the Shanghai market and consumers. The results of in-depth interviews show that Shanghai is the most favorable city among Tier 1 cities for Korean fashion brands planning on entering into the Chinese market. Shanghai consumers are open to international brands and highly prefer newness in fashion. Contemporary menswear was selected as a potentially big market due to the increase of unique, young, upper-middle-class male consumers. The Korean fashion brands' strength is that they are capable of satisfying Shanghai consumers with excellent product planning and sensory design capabilities. Their disadvantage is that their brand recognition is weaker than that of global and international brands, and their ability to localize to the Chinese market is weak. The opportunity comes is from the Korean Wave, which is a positive for Korea's products and has good geographical access. The threat is that the Shanghai market is fiercely competitive; having access to many worldwide brands, and the competitiveness of Chinese brands is on the rise. To enter the Shanghai market, creative design ability, trendy product development, skill, and appropriate PR methods such as using Korean culture contents would be required to satisfy the young, powerful consumers in Shanghai.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.161-168
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• 2005

Objective : <千金方(Qianjinfang)> which documents a great amount of prescription of Acupuncture and moxibustion takes an important role during the development of acupuncture and moxibustion. Thus, it have given rise us to the research-situation of Tang Dynasty China of previous period. This study was to outline the rules of choosing acupoints as well as the prescriptions of contemporary times in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, and to discuss the conception of acupuncture and moxibustion in <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Method : Based on <千金方(Qianjinfang)>, the parameters were categorized to a certain scope, syndromes in different type were classified. Also numbers of acupoints, route of meridians locations, utilities of special acupoints even prescription methods were statistically analyzed in reference with <千金方(Qianjinfang)>. Results & Conclusion : Acupuncture prescription in <千金方(Qianjinfang)> was mostly presented by single acupoint and this was basic prescription of its rule of choosing acupoints. Choosing acupoint for the majority of various diseases started from choosing meridians with the disorder, but no rules for choosing acupoints was clear. There was basically various methods in choosing acupoints, but little were used by Biao-li meridian choosing method (表裏經配穴). In the high frequency of use, wu-shu acupoints was higher used than other specific acupoints (特定穴). While wu-shu acupoints treated the major parts of the diseases, shu-mo acupoints were strictly used on system. Consequently, The theoretical basis originating the choosing rules of the acupoints and prescriptions was shown in <手金方(Qianjinfang)> as representative clinical reference, through which it was valuable to analyze the prescription rule and specificity of the acupoints.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2020

In today's society, the majority of people use smartphones, and mobile ordering and payment systems for their convenience are gaining their attention. The mobile payment market is on the rise, with over 71% of the market that is already formed in China. Many mobile payment markets are growing in Korea, which is a system that is provided only in large franchises. In this paper, we propose a mobile ordering and payment system using short-range wireless communication technology that can be easily used not only in franchises but also in the small businesses, and for the convenience of users in modern society to make a system that enables ordering and payment through mobile to communicate between the devices developed by short range wireless communication technology, smartphone and the main server.