• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.25-44
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• 2023

Objectives: Gaming disorder has been viewed as a disease in the DSM-5 and ICD-11. Its essential symptoms are loss of control over gaming, gaming becoming a markedly prioritized activity over other activities of daily living, and continued and excessive use of gaming despite negative problems occurring. Methods: Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to gaming disorder because the striatal pathways related to reward develop earlier than the control regions of the prefrontal cortex. It is also associated with decreased dopamine D2 receptors. Addiction is related to 'want' and is explained by incentive-sensitization. In addition, allostasis, in which homeostasis is continuously achieved at a new target value, is also related to gaming disorder. In addition, personality causes, unchangeable factors, and external factors can influence on the onset of gaming disorder. Results: Prevention is the best solution for gaming disorder, and the role of parents is important. For gaming disorder, bupropion is used, cognitive-behavioral therapy and family-based therapy are also beneficial. Herbal medicine treatment such as Antler velvet and ginseng can be effective. Electroacupuncture and acupuncture using PC6, SP6, and LR3 has a correlation with relieving Internet craving. Ear-acupuncture was also effective in treating addiction. Conclusion: Psychologically, 'want' is an intense longing for reward and motivation, and is related to addiction. This 'want' may rather be related to avoidance, and game addiction in children and adolescents may be due to wanting to escape from academic stress or avoidance of comparison. Therefore, the importance of 'like', which gives pleasure in itself, increases. It can also be explained with Sasang Constitutional Medicine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the factors influencing internet game addiction among middle and high school boys. The data was analysed from "Survey on the Online and Game and Family Leisure Activities of Youth and Children in 2009" conducted by the Korean Youth Policy Institute. According to the results, the average time on the weekends and average time on the holidays, and the leisure constraints had a significant effect on the internet game addiction both groups. On the other hand, there were significant differences in the communication with parents between middle and high school boys. Accordingly, this study suggests a preventive internet game addiction program be developed. In addition, it is important to improve efficient communication skills between children and parents.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.01a
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

Addiction to online games has been causing many problems for elementary school students such as school life, humanity, scholarship and physique. Considering the increase in children being addicted to internet games, there are growing needs for attention and countermeasures toward the children. Nevertheless, it leaves something to be desired. Especially, studies and counterplans for the children who live in the metropolitan are not suited with the circumstances of each regional child. Therefore, it's necessary to work out new research by regional student groups. That is why this study understands fundamental facts about the usage of the internet of elementary school students living in Geoje, Gyeongnam and figures out the effects of online game addiction on the formation of character. Also, it suggests the right direction of internet use to parents and teachers, as rousing the public interest about computer game addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.104-116
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• 2002

This study investigated the psychosocial characteristics of children and adolescents who were addicted to internet. 1107 children and adolescents were administered several self-report inventories assessing internet addiction, internet expectancy, self-control, parent-adolescent communication, parent control of internet, peer relation, and loneliness. Results indicated that internet addicted adolescents had more expectancy for internet, less self-control, more dysfunctional communication with parents, and more withdrawn from peers than non-addicted. To determine relative contributions of these variables, multiple regression was conducted. It was demonstrated that internet expectancy, self-control, dysfunctional parentadolescent communication, and parent control of internet explained adolescent internet addiction.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.282-290
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EP-IGAP(Internet Game Addiction Prevention Educational Program) on increasing the self-control and decreasing the time spent on internet games. Method: The research design was a quasi-experiment, repeated measures design with non-equivalent control group. Participants in this study were 269 elementary school students of elementary school(134 for the experimental group, 135 for the control group). The instruments used in this study were the Self-control of Internet Game Scale and Time spent on internet games per week. The experimental group participated in the EP-IGAP for 6 weeks. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in self-control related to internet games. But, there was no statistical difference in the time spent on internet games between the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that EP-IGAP is effective in increasing the self-control related to internet games in elementary school students. Further research is needed to modify the EP-IGAP.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to observe the influence of internet addiction, interpersonal anxiety and self-control in messenger immersion. Questionnaires regarding internet addiction, interpersonal anxiety and self-control were administered to 600 6th grade elementary school students and 2nd grade middle school students in the province of Seoul, South Korea. A total of 592 questionnaires were collected. As statistical methods, Cronbach's, multiple linear regression analysis and stepwise regression with SPSS 10.0 were used. The main results of the study were as follows - 1) In observing the degree of messenger Immersion by the sex and grade of the adolescent, the results show that the percentage in the top group and the middle group appears higher for school boys than school girls as well as 6th grade school-children rather than for 2nd grade middle school students. 2) A difference was noted between the messenger immersion factor in school-boys' and that in school-girls'.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between internet game addiction and emotional and behavioral characteristics of students both in the 5th and 6th grade of elementary school and in middle school. Methods : Two elementary schools and two middle schools were chosen to participate. The students completed selfreport questionnaires designed by the authors, called the Internet Game Addiction Scale, Korean youth self-report (K-YSR). Results : Compared to previous studies, the rates of those in the obvious game addiction group were much lower in this study. We defined the upper 10% of internet game addiction scores as a high risk user group and the lower 10% as a control group. There were significant differences between the groups with respect to the the ages at which internet gaming began, the frequency of game play per week, and the average length of each game playing session. Significant associations were also found between the level of internet game addiction and the withdrawn and delinquency subscales of the K-YSR. However, the association between game addiction and the withdrawn subscale was found only in middle school students. Conclusion : The findings from this study suggested that withdrawn and delinquent behaviors could be predictors of internet game addiction. Results also suggested the importance of early childhood intervention for preventing the development of more severe psychopathology in early adolescence.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2003

Objectives：Among the studies related to excessive computer use, the studies for elementary school students are relatively rare. Because children have relatively poor ability to recognize and express themselves, the carers' information is important to assess the children. This study attempted to investigate the relationship between children's computer use and sociopsychiatric characteristics on the basis of carers' reports. Methods：The subjects of this study were 287 5th- and 6th-grade students in the elementary school in Seoul. The student carers were asked to answer the questions for children's computer use, the computer addiction test modified from Young's parent-child internet addiction test, Korean Personality Inventory for Children(K-PIC). SPSS(version 10) was used to analyse the differnece of computer use between genders and the relation of the computer addiction test with K-PIC. Results：1) The score of computer addiction test was significantly higher in male children than in female children and more male children compared to female children were distributed in the excessive user group. 2) The score of computer addiction test correlated with the scores of most clinical scales of K-PIC and the average scores of most clinical scale were significantly higher in the excessive user group than in the general user group. 3) More children with score above 65 in HPR, DLQ, FAM scale were distributed in excessive user group than in general user group. Conclusion：The 5th- and 6th-grade elementary school students with excessive computer use were found to show more sociopsychiatric problems. With these finding we suggest that social and clinical attention to the children who use computer excessively shoud be required.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's Perception of parenting attitude parent and learned helplessness on addictive use of computer game. The data was collected through paper-pencils surveys with 745 students who are attending the 4, 5, and 6 grade of three elementary schools. The instrument used to see how they looked at the parenting attitude of their was Ji-hyun Hwang(2006)'s Perceived Parenting Attitude Inventory, Chang-woo Song(1997)'s Learned Helplessness, and Internet Game Addiction Test by developed Korean Agency Digital Apportunity & Promotion. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach'a alpha, freuency, percentage, Two-Way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation, and Regression by using SPSS WIN 12.0. The results of this study is described as follows. In this study, prevalence of computer addiction tendency and addiction is 14.3%. Male students showed highest computer addiction game than female students.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.2 s.86
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• pp.47-58
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine children's/adolescents' motives for playing internet games and adaptation to school in accordance with their frequency levels of playing internet games. Participants were 236 children from grades 4, 5, and 6 in two elementary schools and 237 adolescents from grades 1, 2, and 3 in one middle school. They were measured on frequency levels of playing internet games, motives for playing internet games, and adaptation to school. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0 for reliability, frequency, Chi-square test, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and one way ANOVA. Major findings of the research are as follows: First, children's/adolescents' frequency levels of playing internet games differed by their gender. The male ratio was much higher than the female ratio in the potential risk group and the high risk poop. In contrast, no grade differences on the frequency levels of playing internet games were found. Second, children's/adolescents' motives for playing internet games differed by their gender. Especially, among the motives the greatest difference between male and female was marked for 'Social Relationship'. Third, children's/adolescents' motives for playing internet games differed by their frequency levels of playing internet games. For 'Conformity,' the low risk group differed from the high risk group. For 'Spending Time', 'Benefit', 'Competition', and 'Social Relationship', the low risk group differed from the potential risk group and also from the high risk poop. Fourth, children's/adolescents' adaptation to school differed by their frequency levels of playing internet games. The high risk group exhibited a low level of adaptation in 'Academic Activities', 'a subcategory of adaptation to school.