• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.532-541
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• 2017

Design is an extremely critical and important for the prosperity and development of a corporation, and design for children's facilities can be said to be a critical factor not only from a commercial perspective but also one of the critical factors that can be beneficial to the physical, intellectual and emotional growth and development of children. To measure the economic value of publicly designed children's facilities established with the purpose of children's design education, this research study utilized the Contingent Valuation Method. This research study attempts to provide useful information for policy administrators on the usage of both publicly designed children's facilities with high use value and also high non-use value through economic value measurement. To achieve the objectives of this research, the Contingent Valuation Method that utilized both open-ended questions and also double-bounded dichotomous choice methodologies was used. The results of the pre-verification that used the open-ended questions results from 50 test subject participants and the double-bounded dichotomous choice methodology results from 530 test subject participants confirmed that the average annual per person expense was estimated to be KRW 12,463. The gross benefit amount figure estimated for all households in the nation was estimated to be about KRW 219 billion annually.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.191-200
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to test a model of intergenerational transmission of marital instability. An important aspect of the present study was to test the direct and indiect intergenerational transmission processes of marital instability. This study revealed four very important findings. First the effects of parental divorce on children's marital instability were both direct and indirect through mate selection risk factors marital quality and marital commitment. Second premarital backgrounds such as socioeconomic status of parents and relative heterogeneity between spouse before marriage were important to explain one's marital relationship. Third the higher the barriers the higher the marital commitment. Fourth marital quality and marital commitment were important predictors of marital instability. Taken together this study supports the intergenerational transmission perspective that exposure to conflict marriage in one's own childhood would forecast lower marital sat sfaction higher conflict and higher marital instability in the marital relationship. The findings from this study also underline the importance of predisposing marital characteristics such as parental socioeconomic status and relative heterogeneity in explaining marital relationship.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-122
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• 2013

The relationship between an adolescent and his/her parents is one of the most important relationships that can have a significant effect on adolescents' well-being and functioning. While there has been an increase in research on Asian American families in recent years, still much less is known about adolescent-parent relationships in these families. Asian American adolescents face some of the challenges that mainstream European American adolescents face, but their experiences are complicated by the cultural and immigration-related factors that have unique contribution to their relationships with their parents. As such, there is urgent need for research that identifies and provides a comprehensive understanding of factors that contribute to the experiences of Asian American immigrant families. The current paper provides a systematic look at adolescent-parent relationships in Asian American immigrant families using the Bronfenbrenner's ecological model. More specifically, this paper provides a succinct review of the literature on developmental issues, immigration, and culture-related factors that affect Asian American adolescent-parent relationships, and guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, an ecological framework of Asian American adolescent-parent relationships is proposed.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

This study examines how open-ended tasks can be implemented with the support of redefined learning goals and teaching practices from a student-centered perspective. In order to apply open-ended tasks, learning goals should be adopted by individual student's cognitive levels in the classroom context rather than by designated goals from curriculum. Equitable opportunities to share children's mathematical ideas are also attainable through flexible management of lesson-time. Eventually, students can foster their meta-cognition in the process of abstraction of what they've learned through discussions facilitated by teachers. A pedagogical implication for professional development is that teachers need to improve additional teaching practices such as how to tailor tasks relevant to their classroom context and how to set norms for students to appreciate peer's mathematical ideas in the discussions.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.8
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• pp.33-58
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• 2009

This paper examines four genre paintings on the subject of child education by Jean-Baptiste-Sim${\'{e}}$on Chardin(1699-1779). The Governess, The Diligent Mother, Saying Grace, and The Morning Toilette garnered critical attention after they were exhibited in the Salon from 1739 to 1741. After the exhibition, the paintings were made into prints and frequently sold to members of the bourgeois class in Paris. The iconographical details of Chardin's genre paintings have, thus far, been compared to Dutch genre pictures of the seventeenth century. Further, most studies conducted on Chardin's paintings focus on formal analysis rather than the historical and social contexts. Through attempting social-contextual readings of Chardin's educational series, this paper argues that the significance of Chardin's painting series of child education lies in his representation of the ideal French bourgeois family and the standard of early childhood education in the eighteenth-century French Enlightenment period. In each of the four child education paintings, Chardin depicted a mother with children in a domestic space. Even though this theme derives from traditional Dutch genre paintings in the seventeenth century, the visual motifs, the pictorial atmosphere and the painting techniques of Chardin all project the social culture of eighteenth century France. Each painting in the child education series exemplifies respectively the attire of a French gentlemen, the social view on womanhood and the education of girls, newly established table manners, and the dressing up culture in a 'toilette' in eighteenth century France. Distinct from other educational scenes in previous genre paintings, Chardin accentuated the naive and innocent characteristics of a child and exemplified the mother's warmth toward that child in her tender facial expressions and gesturing. These kinds of expressions illustrate the newly structured standard of education in the French Enlightenment period. Whereas medieval people viewed children as immature and useless, people in the eighteenth century began to recognize children for their more positive features. They compared children to a blank piece of paper (tabula rasa), which signified children's innocence, and suggested that children possess neither good nor bad virtues. This positive perspective on children slowly transformed the pedagogical methods. Teaching manuals instructed governesses and mothers to respect each child's personality rather than be strict and harsh to them. Children were also allotted more playtimes, which explains the display of various toys in the backgrounds of Chardin's series of four paintings. Concurrently, the interior, where this exemplary education was executed, alludes to the virtue of the bourgeois's moderate and thrifty daily life in eighteenth century France. While other contemporary painters preferred to depict the extravagant living space of a French bourgeoisie, Chardin portrayed a rather modest and cozy home interior. In contrast to the highly decorated living space of aristocrats, he presented the realistic, humble domestic space of a bourgeois, filled with modern household objects. In addition, the mother is exceptionally clad in working clothes instead of fashionable dresses of the moment. Fit to take care of household affairs and children, the mother represents the ideal virtues of a bourgeois family. It can be concluded that the four genre paintings of child education by Chardin articulate the new standards of juvenile education in eighteenth century France as well as the highly recognized social virtues between French bourgeois families. Thus, Chardin's series of child education would have functioned as a demonstration of the ideal living standards of the bourgeois class and their emphasis on early childhood education in the French Enlightenment period.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.263-268
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• 2016

This study attempts to verify the relational structure of adolescent's emotional problems, smart phone dependency and school life adjustment from a perspective of Glasser (1998)'s choice theory. For this purpose, this study utilized the second year data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey Data. From the results of the analysis, the most influential variable affecting adolescent's school life adjustment was found to be the sense of community, and adolescent's emotional problems were found to have a effect upon school life adjustment and smart phone dependency based on the choice theory. This study discussed issues of cultivating the sense of community to improve adolescent's school life adjustment, and developing counseling program and reinforcing the counseling personnel with improvement of contingent employment to alleviate smart phone dependency and emotional problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.56
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• pp.165-193
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• 2016

In this study, systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in order to identify the variables related to children's psychosocial maladjustment at the individual, family, school, and community levels from the eco-systemic perspective. A total of 36 research studies published in Korea from 1999 to 2016 were selected: 21 variables and 65 data regarding externalizing problems, and 22 variables and 70 data regarding internalizing problems were used in the final meta-analysis. As a result of the analysis, the biggest effect size concerning externalizing problems was as follows: stress coping, among child individual factors; family communication, among family factors; adoption to school, among school factors; and satisfaction for community welfare services, among community factors, respectively. On the other hand, the biggest effect size concerning internalizing problems was as follows: child temperament, among children individual factors; family relationships, among family factors; peer relationships, among school factors; and social support, among community factors, respectively. According to each system, the mean effect size was enumerated as individual > family > school/community in both externalizing and internalizing problems. We also presented the results of moderating effects regarding differences according to eco-systemic factors.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.358-365
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• 2020

To describe how to perform urological evaluation in children with tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Although a common manifestation of TCS is the development of neurogenic bladder in developing children, neurosurgeons often face difficulty in detecting urological problems in patients with TCS. From a urological perspective, diagnosis of TCS in developing children is further complicated due to the differentiation between neurogenic bladder dysfunctions and transient bladder dysfunctions owing to developmental problems. Due to the paucity of evidence regarding evaluation prior to and after untethering, I have shown the purpose and tools for evaluation in my own practice. This may be tailored to the types of neurogenic bladder, developmental status, and risks for deterioration. While the urodynamic study (UDS) is the gold standard test for understanding bladder function, it is not a panacea in revealing the nature of bladder dysfunction. In addition, clinicians should consider the influence of developmental processes on bladder function. Before untethering, UDS should reveal synergic urethral movement, which indicates an intact sacral reflex and lack of TCS. Postoperatively, the measurement of post-void residual urine volume is a key factor for the evaluation of spontaneous voiders. In case of elevation, fecal impaction, which is common in spinal dysraphism, should be addressed. In patients with clean intermittent catheterization, the frequency-volume chart should be monitored to assess the storage function of the bladder. Toilet training is an important sign of maturation, and its achievement should be monitored. Signs of bladder deterioration should be acknowledged, and follow-up schedule should be tailored to prevent upper urinary tract damage and also to determine an adequate timing for intervention. Neurosurgeons should be aware of urological problems related to TCS as well as urologists. Cooperation and regular discussion between the two disciplines could enhance the quality of patient care. Accumulation of experience will improve follow-up strategies.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.461-488
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• 2013

This study aimed to explore the meanings of fathers' experiences as they participated in educational programs for fathers. In-depth interviews with 3 fathers with children attending elementary school and middle school were implemented to examine their participation experiences in educational programs for fathers and their expectations for educational programs for fathers. The findings of this study showed that fathers wanted opportunities to carry out more active roles with their children instead of passive father roles. They learned interaction with their children and wives through participating in educational programs. The education programs impart a broader perspective and knowledge of father roles, and participation may encourage improvement of their relationships with their children and wives. They felt the importance of father roles in educational programs, which helps a father be a good father. But, they complained about harsh circumstances to participate in educational programs. So educational programs for fathers should be provided to all fathers that are geared to the level and need of each father. Further studies for more revelatory documentation were also suggested.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.364-379
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to search for a rationale of world geography curriculum. Elementary school children tend to get impressionistic and distorted information about other countries through snapshot TV programs. But they need to get more balanced understanding about them from the perspective of each country. Children's judgment about other countries, favorable or unfavorable, tends to be emotional, based on the first-order conditions of life in those regions, such as atmosphere, food, and habitat, and the symbolics of the place. But their systematic understanding about the relationship between their own life and the life of other locations or countries tends to be meager. It seems to be partly due to the practice of co-centric curricular construction. The geography curriculum may have to be in relation to other countries, from the regional geography of the third grade on.