• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.153-167
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• 2011

This study analyzed changes in postpartum depression in mothers from one month after childbirth to the first year using panel data collected overtime, in an effort to determine the relationship between the amount of change and child-rearing system variables. The subjects were 1097 mothers who belonged to both the lower and upper $30^{th}$ percentile groups in the depression change distribution of the 2008 Korean Children Panel Study (PSKC), a large, population-based study conducted by the Korea Institute of Childcare and Education. The data were analyzed by t-tests, $x^2$ tests, partial correlation coefficient analyses and regression analyses. The results are summarized as follows: First, the mothers' postpartum depression showed a significant increase during the first year as opposed to the first month after birth. Second, after controlling for socio-demographical variables of the mothers, the changes related to depression showed a positive relationship with child-rearing stress, and the child's emotional temperament, but showed a negative relationship with the mother's self-esteem, the child's birth order, and the father's participation in child-rearing activities. Third, variables having a significant effect on changes in postpartum depression were the mother's self-esteem and child-rearing stress, the child's age in months, and social support. Variables pertaining to the mother's characteristics variables had a more powerful effect than other child-rearing system variable categories. The results suggest the necessity to develop a parental education program or a mother-child health service in consideration of the variables that affect mothers, as determined in this study, in an effort to prevent postpartum depression.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.331-340
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• 2013

The recent economic downturn has created new challenges for today's company workers such as increased job instability; layoffs; the need to maintain dual income households and the associated childcare requirements; and other job stresses. These stresses give rise to serious problems for workers and ultimately to organizations. Companies therefore need to pay attention to solving the problem of stress. These days, many companies seek a solution from EAP. EAP aims to support workers through counseling, consulting and coaching services to help them overcome issues which may adversely affect job satisfaction and performance. EAP was introduced in this country ten years ago. Formerly, many companies viewed stress primarily as a personal issue. But now more companies are in a hurry to adopt EAP as a means for individuals to resolve stress. This study draws on the example of EAP use in LG Hausys. The company has adopted EAP under the CEO's strong support. The company has effectively managed EAP services which include professional counseling and the training of internal counselors. This study derives implications for the further implementation of EAP services.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.39-69
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• 2018

Women with children suffer from double burden of childcare and household labor. Based on the framework of social determinants of mental health, this study investigated the moderated mediation effect of income in the relationship between time poverty and mental health among women with children. The study sample included 1,505 women from the $6^{th}$ wave of Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF). Results showed that the lower level of time poverty was associated with decreased stress and depression, and stress mediated the relationship between time poverty and depression. Income had a moderated mediation effect in the relationship between time poverty, stress, and depression. Time poor women were more vulnerable to poor mental health, and income buffered the effect of time poverty on women's mental health. This implies that women in the lower end of socioeconomic ladder are more prone to the effect of time poverty. The study speaks to the importance of social factors on mental health which has usually been considered an individual problem. Policies and services need to address women's working conditions and income security in order to increase their mental health.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-45
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to explore the level of emotional availability of working mothers and their 24~48month-olds (67 dyads: 33 boys and 34 girls) in child care centers and to examine the relationship between the mother-child emotional availability and the related variables of working mothers and their children. Emotional Availability Scales (EA, 3rd edition) developed by Biringen, Z., Robinson, J., & and Emde, R.N. (1998) was used. Mother's work-family conflict, maternal parenting stress, and maternal depression, temperament of child, personal background were measured. The results of this study were as follows: The level of mother-child emotional availability was above in the middle level. There were significant differences in the mother-child emotional availability by maternal educational level and family income level, and significant negative correlation between maternal parenting stress and mother-child emotional availability. There was significant difference in the mother-child emotional availability by the starting point of child care experience. Mother-child emotional availability were significantly explained by family income level, maternal parenting stress, and the starting point of child care experience.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2010

This study examined Korean immigrant elderly's generativity and care-giving experiences of their grandchildren according to their level of generativity. In-depth interview and participant observation method were used. First, this study used Loyola Generativity Scale in order to find Korean immigrant elderly's generativity level. 4 grandparents were selected as a group of low generativity level and 4 grandparents as high level. Grandparents with low generativity level showed non-voluntary care-giving, severe care-giving stress, guilty feeling for their adult children and shame for their ancestors, anxiety for the unstable future, lack of self-care, and lack of social assistance. Grandparents with high generativity level showed voluntary care-giving, positive reaction for the reversed parental care, feeling of usefulness for care-giving, hope for the future, existence of self-care, and existence of social assistance. Further discussion and suggestions were made from the study results.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.85-102
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the variables that affect the problem behavior of children and to examine the relationships between problem behavior of young children in relation to the child's characteristics(temperament and ego-resiliency), the mother's characteristics(parenting stress and personality characteristics), and the teacher's characteristics(teacher-child relationship and emotional expressiveness). The researcher surveyed 314 parents and 56 teachers of young children in the transitional period from 32 early childhood institutes in Daejeon. The summaries of the results of the study are as seen below. First, the child's gender and mother's education were statistically significant variables in explaining the variance in problem behavior of young children. More boys than girls showed more problem behaviors and children of mothers who graduated university showed less problem behavior. Second, teacher-child relationship was the most predictive variable in problem behavior of young children. Children who had good relationships with their teachers showed less problem behavior and children who had poor relationships with their teachers showed more problem behavior. The results of this study can provide basic data for consulting and developing program to prevent and treat the problem behavior of young children to consider the development of children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.644-656
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• 2022

This study is aimed to analyze advanced research focusing on teachers' experience of teaching children from multicultural families and figure out the trend and provide them as data to find unresearched parts of multicultural education. As the subjects of research, this author selected total 49 journals published in the candidates of the National Research Foundation of Korea from 2007 till April, 2021. According to the findings of analysis, research dealing with teachers who had experience to teach children from multicultural families appeared constantly from 2007, and it was handled frequently by journals on early childhood education or childcare. Regarding study methods, Quantitative study and qualitative study were employed similarly, and about the subjects of research, teachers formed the largest part as 77.6%. Lastly, concerning the contents of research, teacher-related properties have been paid attention to after 2015, and about the topics of research, philosophy and development formed a large part, and particularly, research on multicultural consciousness of philosophy or of education was carried out continuously. The findings of this study stress the importance of influence in teachers teaching children from multicultural families and suggest the extension and diversification of research subjects for children from multicultural families and present data for exploring future research topics.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.239-269
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand the different views of grandparent's that are rearing children from the grandmother and working mom as co-caregivers by studying conflicts and the experience made by grandmothers by rearing children through a phenomenological approach, and to help to build healthy relationships and furthermore to promote a healthy educational environment. Data were collected from six working mothers from a child care center in Gyeonggi, and their six grandmothers who were rearing grandchildren through in-depth interviews, emails and observation based on the instruction of semi-structured interviews. For analysis, a phenomenological analysis method is used. As a result, 78 meaning units, 15 sub-elements and 6 theme categories were drawn. Theme categories were (1) grandmothers' rearing experience; perform a double-role through grandchildren-rearing (2) working moms' rearing experience; conflicts over ideologue of motherhood (3) grandmothers' rearing positive effect: increasing grandmothers' efficacy and intimate relationships with grandchildren (4) working moms' rearing positive effect: reducing working moms' children-rearing stress (5) negative effect: increasing grandmothers' children-rearing stress and working moms' low children-rearing efficacy (6) rearing conflicts: the two mothers' conflicts over children-rearing values. Through the study, it implies that social intervention is needed to solve the conflicts between two mothers over the rearing attitudes and methods as understanding and intervention is needed.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.157-179
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine psychological and behavioral characteristics of parents from low income families and to figure out the influence of these parents' characteristics upon children's problematic behaviors by comparing two-parent families and single-parent families. The subjects in this study were 193 parents who participated in a dream- start program geared toward low-income families. Their psychological and behavioral characteristics were tested, and their children's problem behaviors were investigated. As a result, the children from intact families in the low-income classes showed more problem behaviors when their parents faced heavier parental stress, and they showed less problem behaviors when their parents were more satisfied with their relationship with them. In contrast, the children from single-parent families in the low-income brackets showed less problem behaviors when their parents had better dietary habits and were more satisfied with their daily routine life, and they showed more problem behaviors when their parents were under heavier parental stress. The findings of the study seem to suggest that the development of parental and parent education programs is required to relieve the problem behaviors of children from the low-income classes and improve the parental behavior of their parents, and that a wide variety of assistance should be provided in consideration of the current marital status of parents as well.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.63-79
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• 2015

This study explored the effect of mother's employment status on family environment and physical environment and psychological environment, the main concern of this which factors have effects on marital satisfactions of either employed or non-employed mothers. First, the result of analysis on family environment according to mothers' employment status shows non-employed mother's parental stress is higher than employed mother's. Besides, non-employed mother's self-esteem is lower than employed mother's, and non-employed mother's depression is significantly high. Concerning fathers' factors, the level of conflict between husband and wife is higher among husbands when their wives are employed. In the light of childrens' factors, non-employed mothers consider that their children display more negative emotion and more picky. Children's development of employed mothers is included in normal development range more than that of non-employed mothers. Second, conflict between husbands and wives have an significantly negative effect on marital satisfaction regardless wife's employment status. Husbands' cooperation in child-rearing and marital satisfaction have a positive effect on wives' marital satisfaction. The significant factor which influences on employed mother's marital satisfaction is education level of wives. This study would be meaningful in that infancy home environment was compared focusing on the mothers' employment status, and some factors which factors(variables) have impacts on marital satisfaction of infancy mothers were examined.