• 한국노년학
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1037-1058
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 노인요양시설에 종사하는 여성요양보호사를 대상으로 그들이 입소노인으로부터 경험한 폭력 실태와 폭력 예방을 위해 그들이 제안하는 전략을 조사하는 데 있다. 6개월 이상 노인요양시설에서 근무하고 있는 여성요양보호사 121명이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 연구 결과 언어적 폭력을 경험한 비율이 가장 많은 56.2%, 신체적 폭력 51.2%, 성적 폭력 27.3% 순으로 나타나 요양보호사에 대한 입소노인의 폭력이 우려할만한 수준이었다. 신체적 및 언어적 폭력은 주로 비의도적으로 발생하고 있는 반면, 성적 폭력의 약 1/2은 의도적으로 발생하였다. 폭력이 가장 많이 발생하는 상황은 기저귀 또는 환의 교환시, 목욕서비스 제공시, 식사도움 제공시 순이었다. 신체적 폭력의 경우, 가장 많이 발생되는 폭력형태는 때리기(56.5%)였고, 언어적 폭력은 욕설(92.6%), 성적 폭력은 특정한 신체부위를 직접 만지거나 접촉하는 행위(39.4%)로 조사되었다. 폭력 유형에 따라 차이는 있지만, 폭력에 대한 가장 빈번한 대처 방법은 입소노인과 대화시도/진정시킴(36.8%), 자리를 피함/무시함(26.8%)으로 나타나, 요양보호사가 입소노인에 의해 발생하는 폭력에 대해 본인 스스로 해결하거나 그냥 지나치는 등 소극적인 방법으로 대처하고 있었다. 입소노인의 폭력예방을 위한 전략으로 응답자가 가장 많이 제시한 것은 요양보호사와 입소노인 대상의 폭력예방 관련 교육이었고(42.7%), 선행연구와 비교하여 차별화된 전략으로는 남성요양보호사의 필요, 요양보호사에 대한 시설장의 관심, 시설에서 항상 존칭어 사용, 엎드려도 가슴이 드러나지 않는 옷입기가 포함되었다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 입소노인의 폭력예방을 위한 정책과 실천전략을 제안하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the nutritional status and prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children at admission and during hospitalization in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This first cross-sectional nationwide "Pediatric Nutrition Day (pNday)" survey was conducted among 872 hospitalized children (504 boys, 368 girls; 686 medical, 186 surgical) from 23 hospitals in South Korea. Malnutrition risk was screened using the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) and the Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional status and Growth. Nutritional status was assessed by z-scores of weight-for-age for underweight, weight-for-height for wasting, and height-for-age for stunting as well as laboratory tests. RESULTS: At admission, of the 872 hospitalized children, 17.2% were underweight, and the prevalence of wasting and stunting was 20.2% and 17.3%, respectively. During hospitalization till pNday, 10.8% and 19.6% experienced weight loss and decreased oral intake, respectively. During the aforementioned period, fasting was more prevalent in surgical patients (7.5%) than in medical patients (1.6%) (P < 0.001). According to the PYMS, 34.3% and 30% of the children at admission and on pNday, respectively, had a high-risk of malnutrition, requiring consultation with the nutritional support team (NST). However, only 4% were actually referred to the NST during hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition was prevalent at admission and during hospitalization in pediatric patients, with many children experiencing weight loss and poor oral intake. To improve the nutritional status of hospitalized children, it is important to screen and identify all children at risk of malnutrition and refer malnourished patients to the multidisciplinary NST for proper nutritional interventions.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.95-124
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• 2021

본고는 시대와 사회에 따라 의미를 달리해 온 소녀가 최근 포스트휴먼 상상력과 결합하여 영화 속 싸우는 소녀로 등장한 현상에 주목하였다. 이에 포스트휴먼 소녀라는 이미지를 배태한 사회적 맥락과 그 재현 양상을 분석하고, 미래 여성 신체에 대한 한국 사회의 상상의 허용치와 '싸우는 기술증강 소녀'라는 새로운 이미지를 둘러싼 의미경합을 밝히고자 하였다. 21세기 고도로 발달한 디지털 영상기술로 인하여 영화는 기존의 상상만으로 가능했던 미래 존재를 시각적으로 구현할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 성인 남녀와 달리 미성숙하다고 여겨진 소녀가 포스트휴먼으로 상상될 때에는 오히려 강한 실감효과를 추구하는 그 가능성으로 인해 감히 재현할 수 없는 불가능한 영역이 생기게 된다. 즉, 포스트휴먼 소녀는 인간의 원형을 최대한 보존한 신체증강형에 그쳤으며, 인간과 비인간의 경계를 탈하는 비판적 형상화를 구현하지는 못했다. 그러나 기술로 증강된 미래 신체는 에로틱한 폭력에 기대지 않는, 또한 모성애와 이성애에 매몰되지 않는 싸우는 위험한 소녀의 이미지를 만들었다. 물론 인간의 순수한 프로토타입에 근거한 포스트휴먼 소녀의 이상화는 기술의 인간화를 확신하는 기술도구주의에 경도되어 있다. 근대적 휴머니즘에 영합하는 이러한 기술 사유의 한계에도 불구하고, 포스트휴먼 소녀는 자기 파괴적 대항을 통해 기술-객체의 새로운 정치성을 보여준다. 이들은 테크노크라시와 신자유주의 정치적 감수성을 표출한 우울한 신체에서 벗어나 있으며, 생명 정치의 위계에 균열을 내는 체제전복적 행위를 구사했다. 포스트휴먼은 한 사회가 고도화된 기술시대로 이행하는 과정 중에 일어나는 다양한 힘들의 경합을 예시하는 하나의 사례로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 한국 영화 속 포스트휴먼 소녀는 여전히 이상화된 소녀 이미지를 고수하려는 인간형상중심주의를 예증하지만, 미시사회적 수준까지 침투한 기술생명권력의 폭압적 지배방식에 윤리적 고찰을 제공했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 문화예술교육연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-147
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• 2010

최근 세계화의 흐름에서 교육에 대한 새로운 문제제기는 다문화적 흐름을 요청할 수밖에 없는 핵심적 문제로서 도전받고 있다. 더 나아가 전지구적 차원에서 인류의 '공동위험'에 대해 공동협력하고, 문화간 차이의 이해가 더욱 중요시되는 이전과는 상이한 상황에 노출되어 있다. '교육노마디즘'은 교육의 새로운 가치와 의미를 새롭게 생성하는 은유적 표현이다. 최근 초국가적 교육열의 흐름은 이미 중심적 흐름이며, 위기와 기회의 양면성을 동시에 내재하고 있다. 이러한 기회의 양면성을 소화하지 못하는 측면에서 '한국교육의 공동화'현상으로 진단할 수 있다. 이는 교육의 미국교육의 과도한 의존과 자생교육이 상호교류하는 기저로서 필요함에도 불구하고, 아직 마련되지 않음을 의미한다. 교육의 세계화의 흐름은 국가의 '이중낭비'와 학부모의 과도한 사교육비의 '이중부담'과 강요된 탕진, '학력세탁'을 향한 전지구적으로 이동하는 현재의 흐름으로 발견된다. 이러한 위기국면에서 근대교육은 외국시스템과의 창조적 접목으로 교육의 세계화의 흐름에 맞는 한국교육의 새로운 기저가 요구됨에도 불구하고, 한국교육의 독특한 강점인 공동체적-정감적-시너지적 관계의 아름다움이 교육의 세계화의 흐름에서 살려지지 않는다. 즉 세계화의 흐름에 맞는 새로운 한국교육의 기저는 코뮤니타스를 향한 전지구적 강한 연대와 공동체성으로 도약하는 소통세계와 만나는 일이다. 이 소통세계는 근대의 모델인 우리 모두를 몰아가고 있는 치열한 제로섬 경쟁구도로부터 즐김과 향유 그리고 자족과 증여의 기쁨을 시너지적으로 새롭게 생성하는 문명전환의 교육으로 거듭날 수 있는 기회이다. 이 논문은 이 기회가 잘못 활용되는 학부모들의 초국가적 교육열의 패러다임을 살펴봄으로써 진정한 교육노마디즘의 가능성과 그 한계를 살펴보고자 하였다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.369-393
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• 2010

본 연구는 국외입양인들의 뿌리찾기에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝히기 위한 연구이다. 현대적인 의미에서의 입양이 시작된 6·25 전쟁 이후 지난해까지 국외로 입양된 아동은 16만명 이상으로, 같은 기간 국내에서 입양된 아동에 비해 2배 이상 많다. 1980년대 초부터 많은 국외입양인들이 뿌리찾기를 위해 모국을 찾고 있으나, 이들 국외입양인에 대한 우리의 관심과 지원은 매우 낮은 수준이다. 그러나 뿌리찾기가 입양인들이 갖고 있는 보편적 욕구라는 점을 감안할 때, 이들의 뿌리찾기 활동을 지원할 필요가 있으며 그러기 위해서는 우선적으로 뿌리찾기에 참여하는 입양인들의 특성을 파악하는 작업이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 선행연구를 토대로 국외입양인들의 뿌리찾기에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝히기 위한 연구모형을 구성하고, 이들 영향요인을 실증적으로 규명하고자 시도하였다. 자료는 보건복지가족부에서 2008년에 실시한 <국외입양인 실태조사 및 효율적 입양사후서비스 제공방안> 연구에서 수집한 자료를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 조사대상은 한국에서 출생하여 미국, 유럽, 호주 등의 국가로 입양된 16세 이상 국외입양인들로, 설문지는 영어와 프랑스어로 제작되어 온라인 설문조사 형태로 진행되었다. 총 290사례가 분석에 포함되었으며, 온라인 설문조사의 특성상 응답별 결측치가 다소 높게 나타나 다중삽입한 5개 자료를 이용하여 분석을 진행하였다. 선행연구를 토대로 입양인의 인구학적 특성(성별과 연령집단), 심리적 특성(정체성 위기 경험), 입양 및 입양부모 관련 특성(뿌리찾기 관심 시기, 입양 시 연령, 입양부모의 이혼여부, 뿌리찾기에 대한 입양부모의 태도) 등의 변수가 연구모형에 포함되었으며, 이 중 입양인의 연령, 정체성 위기경험, 뿌리찾기에 처음 관심을 갖기 시작한 시기, 입양 시 연령, 뿌리찾기에 대한 입양부모의 태도가 입양인의 뿌리찾기에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 입양인의 연령이 30~34세인 경우, 35세 이상인 경우보다 뿌리찾기를 시도할 확률이 높았으며, 살아오면서 정체성 위기를 여러 차례 경험한 입양인일수록, 입양 시 만 나이가 많을수록, 뿌리찾기에 관심을 갖기 시작한 연령이 어릴수록 뿌리찾기를 시도할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 뿌리찾기에 대한 입양부모의 태도가 지지적인 경우보다 입양부모의 태도를 모르는 경우 뿌리찾기를 시도할 확률이 높았다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과에 근거한 국외입양인 지원정책 및 입양실천에서의 실천적 함의가 논의되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.153-173
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• 1990

One of the important tasks for new parents. especially mothers, is to establish warm, mutually affirming interpersonal relationships with the new baby in the family, with the purpose of promoting the healthy development of the child and the wellbeing of the whole family. Nurses assess the quality of the behavioral characteristics of the maternal-infant interaction. This study examined the relationships between primiparas pereptions of their delivery experience and their maternal infant interaction. It compared to delivery experience of mothers having a normal vaginal delivery with those having a casearean section. The purpose was to explore the relationships between the mother's perceptions of her delivery experience with her maternal infant interaction. The aim was to contribute to the development of theoretical understanding on which to base care toward promoting the quality of maternal-infant interaction. Data were collected directly by the investigator and a trained associate from Dec. 1, 1987 to March 8, 1988. Subjects were 3 random sample of 62 mothers, 32 who had a normal vaginal delivery and 30 who had a non-elective cesarean section (but without other perinatal complications) at three general hospitals in Seoul. Instruments used were the Stainton Parent -infant Interaction Scale(1981) and the Marut and Mercer Perception of Birth Scale(1979). The first observations were made in the delivery room (for vaginally delivered mothers only), followed by day 1, day 2, day 3, and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks after birth, for a total of 7-8 contacts(Cesarean section mothers were observed on days 4 and 5 but the data not used for analysis). Observations in the hospital were made during the hour prior to scheduled feedings. The infant was placed beside the mother. Later contacts were made at home. Data analysis was done by computer using as SPSS program and indulded X² test, paired t-test, t-test, and Pearson Correlation coefficient ; the results were as follows. 1. Mothers who had a normal vaginal delivery tended to perceive the delivery experience more positively than cesarean section mothers(p＝0.002). The finding supported the hypothesis I that perception of delivery would vary according to the method of delivery. Mothers' perceptions of birth were classified into three dimensions, labor, delivery and the bady. There was a significantly different and positive perception by the vaginally delivered mothers to the delivery experience(p＝0.000) but no differences for labor or the bady according to the delivery method(p＝0.096, p＝0.389), 2. Mothers who had a normal vaginal delivery had higher average maternal-infant interaction scores(p＝0.029) than mothers who had a cesarean section. There were similar higher scores for the 1st day(p＝0.042), 2nd day (p＝0.009), and the 3rd day(p＝0.006) after delivery but not for later times. The findings supported the hypothesis Ⅱ that there would be differences in maternal-infant interaction for mothers having vaginal and cesarean section deliveries. However these differences deccreased section deliveries. However these differences decreased over time . by eight weeks the scores for vaginal delivery mothers averaged 8.1 and for cesarean section mothers, 7.9. 3. The more highly positive the pereption of the delivery experience, the higher the maternal-infant interaction score for all subjects(F＝.3206, p＝.006). The findings supported the hypothesis Ⅲ that there would be correlations between perceptions of delivery and maternal-infant interaction. The maternal infant interaction was highest when the perception of the bady and deliery was positive(r＝.4363, p＝.000, r＝.2881, p＝.012). No correlations between perceptions of labor and maternal-infant interaction were found(p＝0.062). 4. The daily maternal-infant interaction score for the initial contact after birth to 8 weeks postpartum had the lowest average score 5.20 and the highest 7.98(in a range of 0-10). This subjects group of mothers needed nursing intervention to promote their maternal- infant interaction. The daily scores for the maternal-infant over the period of eight weeks. However, there were significantly different increases in maternal-infant interaction only from the first to second day(p＝0.000) and from the fourth to sixth weeks after birth(P＝0.000). 5. When the eight items of maternal-infant interaction were evaluated separately, “Expresses feelings about her role as mother” had the highest average score, 1.64(ina range of 0-3)and “Speaks to baby” the lowest, 0.9. All items, with the possible exception of “Expresses feelings about her role as mother”, suggested the subjects' need of nursing intervention to promote maternal-infant interaction. 6. There were positive correlations between certain general charateristis, namely, both a higher economic status(p＝0.002) and breast feeding(p＝0.202) and maternal - infant interaction. There were positive correlations between a mother's confidence in her role as a mother and the perception of the birth experience(p＝0.004). For mothers who had a cesarean section, a positive perception of the birth experience was related to the duration of her marriage(p＝0.010), a wanted pregnancy (P＝0.030) and her confidence in her role as a mother(p＝0.000). Pereptions of birth for mothers who had a normal vaginal delivery were positive than those for mothers who had a cesarean section. The level of maternalinfant interaction for mothers delivered vaginally was higher than for cesarean section mothers. The relationship between perception of birth and materanalinfant interaction was confirmed. Cesarean section has an impact on the mother's perceived experience of birth which, in turn, is positively related to maternal-infant in turn, is positively related to maternal-infant interaction. Nursing intervention to enhance maternal-infant interaction should begin in prenatal classes with an exploration of the potential impact of cesarean section on the perceptions of the birth experience and continue throughout the perinatal and post-natal periods to promote the mother's ability to control with this crisis experience and to mobilize social support. Nursing should help transform a relatively negatively perceived experience into an accepted, positively perceived and self affirming experience which enhances the maternal-infant relationship.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.65-87
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• 1981

The study is aimed at exploring concept held by clinical nurses of nursing. The data were collected from 225 nurses conviniently selected from the population of nurses working in Kang Won province. Findings include. 1) Nurse's Qualification. The respondents view that specialized knowledge is more important qualification of the nurse. Than warm personality. Specifically, 92.9% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge as the most important qualification while only 43.1％ indicated warm personality. 2) On Nursing Profession. The respondents view that nursing profession as health service oriented rather than independent profession specifically. This suggests that nursing profession is not consistentic present health care delivery system nor support nurses working independently. 3) On Clients of Nursing Care The respondents include patients, family and the community residents in the category of nursing care. Specifically, 92.0％ of the respondents view that patient is the client, while only 67.1％ of nursing student and 74.7％ of herself. This indicates the lack of the nurse's recognition toward their clients. 4) On the Priority of Nursing care. Most of the respondents view the clients physical psychological respects as important component of nursing care but not the spiritual ones. Specially, 96.0% of the respondents indicated the physical respects, 93% psychological ones, while 64.1% indicated the spiritual ones. This means the lack of comprehensive conception on nursing aimension. 5) On Nursing Care. 91.6% of the respondents indicated that nursing care is the activity decreasing pain or helping to recover illness, while only 66.2% indicated earring out the physicians medical orders. 6) On Purpose of Nursing Care. 89.8% of the respondents indicated preventing illness and than 76.6% of them decreasing 1;ai of clients. On the other hand, maintaining health has the lowest selection at the degree of 13.8%. This means the lack of nurses' recognition for maintaining health as the most important point. 7) On Knowledge Needed in Nursing Care. Most of the respondents view that the knowledge faced with the spot of nursing care is needed. Specially, 81.3% of the respondents indicated simple curing method and 75.1%, 73.3%, 71.6% each indicated child nursing, maternal nursing and controlling for the communicable disease. On the other hand, knowledge w hick has been neglected in the specialized courses of nursing education, that is, thinking line among com-w unity members, overcoming style against between stress and personal relation in each home, and administration, management have a low selection at the depree of 48.9%,41.875 and 41.3%. 8) On Nursing Idea. The highest degree of selection is that they know themselves rightly, (The mean score measuring distribution was 4.205/5) In the lowest degree,3.016/5 is that devotion is the essential element of nursing, 2.860/5 the religious problems that human beings can not settle, such as a fatal ones, 2,810/5 the nursing profession is worth trying in one's life. This means that the peculiarly essential ideas on the professional sense of value. 9) On Nursing Services. The mean score measuring distribution for the nursing services showed that the inserting of machine air way is 2.132/5, the technique and knowledge for surviving heart-lung resuscitating is 2.892/s, and the preventing air pollution 3.021/5. Specially, 41.1% of the respondents indicated the lack of the replied ratio. 10) On Nurses' Qualifications. The respondents were selected five items as the most important qualifications. Specially, 17.4% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge, 15.3% the nurses' health, 10.6％ satisfaction for nursing profession, 9.8% the experience need, 9.2% comprehension and cooperation, while warm personality as nursing qualifications have a tendency of being lighted. 11) On the Priority of Nursing Care The respondents were selected three items as the most important component. Most of the respondents view the client's physical, spiritual: economic points as important components of nursing care. They showed each 36.8%, 27.6%, 13.8% while educational ones showed 1.8%. 12) On Purpose of Nursing Care. The respondents were selected four items as the most important purpose. Specially,29.3% of the respondents indicated curing illness for clients, 21.3% preventing illness for client 17.4% decreasing pain, 15.3% surviving. 13) On the Analysis of Important Nursing Care Ranging from 5 point to 25 point, the nurses' qualification are concentrated at the degree of 95.1%. Ranging from 3 point to 25, the priorities of nursing care are concentrated at the degree of 96.4%. Ranging from 4 point to 16, the purpose of nursing care is concentrated at the degree of 84.0%. 14) The Analysis, of General Characteristics and Facts of Nursing Concept. The correlation between the educational high level and nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.0262). The correction between the educational low level and purpose of nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.002) The correlation between nurses' working yeras and the degree of importance for the purpose of nursing care showed significance (P < 0.0155) Specially, the most affirmative answers were showed from two years to four ones. 15) On Nunes' qualification and its Degree of Importance The correlation between nurses' qualification and its degree of importance showed significance. (r = 0.2172, p< 0.001) 0.005) B. General characteristics of the subjects The mean age of the subject was 39 ; with 38.6% with in the age range of 20-29 ; 52.6% were male; 57.9％ were Schizophrenia; 35.1% were graduated from high school or high school dropouts; 56.l％ were not have any religion; 52.6% were unmarried； 47.4% were first admission; 91.2% were involuntary admission patients. C. Measurement of anxiety variables. 1. Measurement tools of affective anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.854). 2. Measurement tools of somatic anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.920). D. Relationship between the anxiety variables and the general characteristics. 1. Relationship between affective anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The level of female patients were higher than that of the male patient (t = 5.41, p < 0.05). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to affective anxiety, so in the first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 5.50, p < 0.005). 2, Relationship between somatic anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The age range of 30-39 was found to have the highest level of the somatic anxiety. (F = 3.95, p < 0.005). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to the somatic anxiety, so .in first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 9.12, p ＜ 0.005) 0. Analysis of significant anxiety symptoms for nursing intervention. 1. Seven items such as dizziness, mental integration, sweating, restlessness, anxiousness, urinary frequency and insomnia, init. accounted for 96％ of the variation within the first 24 hours after admission. 2. Seven items such as fear, paresthesias, restlessness, sweating insomnia, init., tremors and body aches and pains accounted for 84% of the variation on the 10th day after admission.