• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.653-667
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• 2020

The Purpose of this study is to propose an effective service delivery system for children and youth considering service users and developmental stage. To accomplish this purpose, this study examined public service utilization for children and youth focusing on age difference, using statistical method and network analysis. The key results were as follows. The significant difference of service utilization among different age groups appeared in community center, youth training center, healthy family support center, public health center, public office and office of education. In terms of service utilization for special needs, the differences in Wee Center, Wee School and community child center were significant. Top value of degree centrality in network analysis showed on public heath center for elementary school, youth training center for middle school, and community center for high school. Finally, modeling results by Concor presented several distinctive relationship patterns in public service utilization for children and youth according to different age groups. On the base of these results, building a gateway applying age difference and developing a individualized service utilization database were suggested to improve the quality of service delivery system for children and youth.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2017

Objective: It is important to assess the participation and understand the characteristics of participation for setting goal of the child's treatment and strengthening participation. In this study, we verified the validity of the LIFE-H 1.0, so that domestic occupational therapists can systematically evaluate children's participation. Methods: This study was conducted for about 2 months from February to April 2016 in 47 children with disabilities and non-disabled children. We divided the children into two groups aged 0-4 years and 5-13 years old and conducted a self-report questionnaire to parents. The collected data were verified by SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science) statistical analysis program. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in general characteristics. In comparison of two groups, a significant difference(p<.05) was found in the LIFE-H 1.0 total performance and satisfaction score and the high discriminant validity was verified. Conclusion: The ultimate goal of occupational therapy is to increase participation. Therefore, the occupational therapist must be able to assess the level of participation and than set the goal of intervention. This study confirms the high level of validity and expects that Korean version of LIFE-H 1.0 will be widely used in clinical field and research.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.205-219
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• 2016

Objectives: No children-specified review and meta-analysis paper about the short-term effect of fine particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$) on hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma has been published. We calculated more precise pooled effect estimates on this topic and evaluated the variation in effect size according to the differences in study characteristics not considered in previous studies. Methods: Two authors each independently searched PubMed and EMBASE for relevant studies in March, 2016. We conducted random effect meta-analyses and mixed-effect meta-regression analyses using retrieved summary effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and some characteristics of selected studies. The Egger's test and funnel plot were used to check publication bias. All analyses were done using R version 3.1.3. Results: We ultimately retrieved 26 time-series and case-crossover design studies about the short-term effect of $PM_{2.5}$ on children's hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma. In the primary meta-analysis, children's hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma were positively associated with a short-term $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increase in $PM_{2.5}$ (relative risk, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.028 to 1.067; $I^2=95.7%$). We also found different effect coefficients by region; the value in Asia was estimated to be lower than in North America or Europe. Conclusions: We strengthened the evidence on the short-term effect of $PM_{2.5}$ on children's hospital admissions and emergency department visits for asthma. Further studies from other regions outside North America and Europe regions are needed for more generalizable evidence.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.104-109
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• 2020

Background: It is challenging to diagnose asthma in preschool children. The asthma predictive index (API) has been used to predict asthma and decide whether to initiate treatment in preschool children. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between questionnaire-based current asthma with API, pulmonary function, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO), and atopic sensitization in preschool children. Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study in 916 preschool children aged 4-6 years. We defined current asthma as the presence of both physician-diagnosed asthma and at least one wheezing episode within the previous 12 months using a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between groups according to the presence of current asthma. Results: The prevalence of current asthma was 3.9% in the study population. Children with current asthma showed a higher rate of positive bronchodilator response and loose and stringent API scores than children without current asthma. The stringent API was associated with current asthma with 72.2% sensitivity and 82.0% specificity. The diagnostic accuracy of the stringent API for current asthma was 0.771. However, no intergroup differences in spirometry results, methacholine provocation test results, FeNO level, or atopic sensitization rate were observed. Conclusion: The questionnaire-based diagnosis of current asthma is associated with API, but not with spirometry, AHR, FeNO, or atopic sensitization in preschool children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.232-241
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• 2005

Today, the role of kindergarten is more important as nutrition provider through snack and meal services. Desirable kinds and amounts of food items at school lunch menu were important factors of nutrients intakes in children. This study was performed to assess the kindergarten's meal service program (snack and lunch) and the consumption amount of lunch according to each dishes. Twenty four institutions that cared over one hundred children were observed at Seoul and Kyunggido area. Well-trained observers checked meal and snack serving activity and foodservice facilities by formal checklist. And using the weighing method assessed the consumption levels of food items at lunch. During 3 days, 30 children in each kindergarten were selected randomly according to age, observers measured serving and residual weight of each food. The data was compiles by performing ANOVA-test using SPSS WIN 10.0. The result were as follows: 1) Foodservice facilities in kindergarten was limited to provide qualified foodservice. $91.7\%$ of institution had kitchen, $41.7\%$ had dinning. The kitchen equipment possession rate was $12.5\%$ (oven), $30.8\%$ (heating cabinet), $58.3\%$ (refrigerator). The rate of using document about foodservice was used $83.3\%$ (menu list), $41.7\%$ (daily foodservice record), $25\%$ (standard recipe). $41.7\%$ of institution employed licensed dietitian. Only $41.7\%$ of subjects preserved meal after daily meal service. 2) Meal serving size was decided by teacher, $54.5\%$ at snack and $43\%$ at lunch and pre-divided individual portion type was $36.4\%$ at snack and $28.6\%$ at lunch. The rate of cleaning activity before meal was $72.2\%$ at snack, $90.5\%$ at lunch. And nutrition or sanitation education activity was more performed at lunch time, for examples brushing teeth activity was $12.5\%$ at snack $85.7\%$ at lunch. 3) The consumption amounts of plain cooked rice was $112.7{\pm}26.1{\cal}g$, cooked rice and cereal was $93.06{\pm}27.97{\cal}g$, curry rice was $208.35{\pm}64.84{\cal}g$ and the consumption amounts of these main dishes was significantly different by age (p < 0.001). The consumption amounts of soup was very different according to children's preference. The consumption amounts of seaweed soup was $120.18{\pm}82.13{\cal}g$, wild sesame and bean-paste soup was $40.64{\pm}23.16{\cal}g$. The consumption range of kimchis was from $6{\cal}g\;to\;13{\cal}g$, jorim (braised food) was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;25{\cal}g$, fried food (include stir fried, deep fat fried, pan fried) was from $14.5{\cal}g\;to\;22{\cal}g$, vegetable dish was from $3{\cal}g\;to\;16{\cal}g$. These consumption amount of each dishes was not reached recommended portion size of nutritionally planning menu by nutritionist.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.304-319
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• 1996

It is important to evaluate nutritional status of elderly patients receiving dialysis, since wasting and malnutrition are their common problems. This study aims at assessing their nutritional status by the type and duration of dialysis. The nutritional status such as somatic fat and protein storage was evaluated with anthropometric measure including weight/height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness and midarm muscle circumference. It was also measured with albumin, transferrin, C3 and IGF-1 and calorie and protein intakes. The general clinical condition of patients was evaluated with the severity of uremia and metabolic acidosis. which were measured through the levels of serum urea, creatinine and bicarbonateion. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon-rank sums test, Scheffe test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results are following : 1. There was no significant difference in the calorie and protein intakes by the type and duration of dialysis received. 2. As for the anthropometric measures, no significant difference was found by the type of dialysis in body mass index triceps skinfold thickness and midarm muscle circumference. Yet these anthropometric measures differed significantly by the duration of dialysis in those elderly patients receiving hemodialysis(HD group), but this finding was not found in those receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD). 3. Regarding the indicators of uremia and metabolic acidosis, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine were lower in the CAPD group than in the HD group, whereas bicarbonate ion was higher in the CAPD group than in the HD group, with no statistical significance. In the HD group, creatinine increased significantly with the increase of the duration of dialysis. 4. Serum trasferrin and C3 were significantly higher in the CAPD group than in the HD group. However. each of biochemical indices did not show statistical significance by the duration of dialysis in both HD and CAPD groups. 5. Anthropometric measures were significantly associated with dietary intake. Significant correlations were observed between biocarbonate ion, BUN and creatinine. In addition, the correlations between serum protein and albumin and between transferrin and C3 were statistically significant. Yet, IGF-1 revealed no significant correlation with other nutritional indices. The above findings indicate that there were no difference in nutritional status measured with protein and calorie intakes between the type and duration of dialysis, but CAPD seems to benefit correcting uremia and metabolic acidosis than HD. Studies of dietary management for dialysis patients need to be pursued in order to improved the quality of aged patients receiving dialysis.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.249-271
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• 2012

This research examines the degree and the patterns of living arrangement transitions and analyzes the factors affecting transitions in living arrangement among elders in Korea. Data came from four-wave panel study of Hallym Aging Research Institute. The first wave was conducted in 2003, and each successive wave occurred exactly 2 years after. Respondents who were aged 60 and over, and had at least one living child were selected for this research. The baseline consisted of 1,907 respondents(2003), then became 985 for the fourth transition interval (2009). A total of 825 who participated both in 2003 and 2009 were used. Binomial logit regression analyses were used to analyze the effects of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, physical health, cognitive function, psychological well-being, and cultural attitudes toward elder care on transitions in living arrangements. Results show that 29.82% of the elders made transitions in living arrangements from 2003 to 2009, indicating remarkably unstable living situation over this time period. The ratio of living alone is increased from 17.6% to 19.6%, in contrast with decreased ratio of living with married children from 30.5% to 25.2%, and that of living with unmarried children from 19.9% to 13.7%. Factors affecting transitions in living arrangement were different according to types of living arrangement. Elders living with married children were more likely to be older, widowed and to have higher level of psychological well-being and more traditional attitude toward elder care. Elders living alone were more likely to be women, widowed, and to have more chronic diseases and lower level of psychological well-being.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.291-301
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• 2015

It was conducted to investigate effects of the group art-therapy for abused children with depressed, anxiety, negative self image. The subjects were 4 children at OOcity OOgroup home. They lived at group home for 4years 5months with any treatment. Group art therapy had been conducted once a week from Sept. 2013 through Aug. 2014. There were 48sessions and each session lasted 60 minute. To verify the effects of Group art therapy(art activity, works & contents), researchers recorded the subjects' emotional reactions, attitudes, behaviors with the therapeutic purpose in each session and measured CDI, STAIC(TAIC, SAIC), Self-IQYA Korean version Inventory for validity. Pre test(Aug. 2013) & post-test(Aug. 2014) were executed. To do a sum of test reliability, the SPSS 21.0 program is used. The results were: firstly, abused children expressed their emotional state in the works, they changed behaviors and improved relations with friends. Secondly, the score of depression & anxiety in the post_test was lower than in pre_test. Thirdly, the score of self-image in the post_test was higher than in pre_test. Depression & anxiety were reduced and self image changed positively. Exactly, they reduced impulsive act and maintained friendly relationships. Fosterer understood well the children so she would reduce difficulty.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.95-116
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society. Hence home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society was estsblished extracting the contents from both Revised 2007 Home Economics Curriculum and government. policy for low fertility Aged Society. Also home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society("Home Economics Class for both parents and Children") implemented in Healthy Family Support Center. The main results of the study are as follows. Firstly, Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society should be emphasized with the contents such as marriage of one's choice, family life reinforcement, healthy family culture and neighborhood living together. Secondly, the goal of home economics education is very similar to the action plans of Saeromaji Project 2010 which are 'social responsibility reinforcement for marriage, birth and child rearing', 'balancing family and work', 'family-friendly culture' and 'security for the aged with health and care'. It has also much in common with the project plans by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education 'family-friendly culture and filial duty education reinforcement', 'school education reinforcement regarding Low Fertility-Aged Society' and 'values education reinforcement for gender equality society'. Thirdly, "Home Economics Class for both parents and Children" applied in Healthy Family Support Center in Jung-gu, Seoul. This ensures home economic education can play a leading role in the social education filed.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to monitor the microbiological effect on preschool children's hand safety according to educational methods of hand washing. The subjects were ten children aged three to five. The analyses of the microbiological effect were made before band washing education, after one-week video demonstrations of hand washing education, and after one-week video demonstrations of hand washing education combined with practice. The results were as follows. Total plate count, filamentous fungi, coliform, and Staphylocuccus aureus were detected from children's hands just before band washing education. According to the two-week hand washing education, such education was found effective in keeping the children's hands clean and safe. In conclusion, repeated and more consistent training of band washing would be important for children, especially aged three to five because most of the habits and behavior patterns were developed in these age groups and the effects were persistent during their future life.