• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.587-598
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• 2013

This study is to examine (the) effects of self-control, parent-adolescent communication, and school life satisfaction on smart-phone addiction for middle school students. The 127 students who were classified as smart-phone addicts among first to third grade at two middle schools located in Gyunggido were sampled with a survey. T-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used. The results of study were as follows. First, smart-phone addiction make no difference according to adolescent's sex and grade. Second, the relations between smart-phone addiction and the factors included self-control, parent-adolescent communication, and school life satisfaction were negatively correlated. As a result, the higher self-control, parent-adolescent communication, and school life satisfaction were, the lower smart -phone addiction was. Third, it is significant as variable that adverse effect, low rank class of parent-adolescent communication and personal relationship, same class as the former of school life satisfaction exert influence on smart phone addiction.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.283-300
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• 2010

This paper investigated the effect of music and science integrated activities using instruments designed to test both musical concept and science inquiry process skills of children. The subjects of this study consisted of two classes of children aged 5 at H Kindergarten in Busan city. This study involved a class of 31 children using a music and science integrated curriculum as the experimental group and another class of 32 children using a traditional music and science curriculum as the control group. The integrated activities were used 12 times over a 6-week period. A test was taken to evaluate the effects of the integrated activities on the children's understanding on seven sub-categories of musical concepts and six sub-categories of science inquiry process skills. The results were that the experimental group showed significantly higher improvements in all subcategories of musical concept and science inquiry process skills, compared to the control group. Based on these results, we concluded that these integrated activities were effective in the development of both musical concepts and the science inquiry process skills of children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.1-19
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• 2001

The purpose of this study are (1) to examine the types and the after-school child care for children from low-income(106) and middle-income(99) families and (2) to examine the needs and expectations for after-school child care program of low-income(107) and middle-income(100) mothers. The findings of this study are as follows ; (1) The percentage of self-care among children from low-income families are higher than the children from middle-income families. The after-school activities mainly consist of arts, music, physical and computer lessons. (2) The needs on the after-school care program with non-profit basis which is managed by public welfare systems are higher among the low-income mothers than the middle-income mothers. Many mothers want professional, non-profit, systematic and formal after-school care programs. Some suggestions are proposed for after-school care program which can meet needs of the children and the mothers from diverse economic and social backgrounds.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a class-based school violence prevention program for elementary school student. Methods: 29 students were assigned to the school violence prevention program of 8 sessions, 28 students have been assigned to the control group. We assessed participants at baseline and post-intervention, through their self-report questionnaires such as Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and school violence experience, awareness about school violence, and coping ability to school violence. We compared the baseline and post-intervention result of each group and compared the post-test scores between the intervention group and the control group. Results: Comparing the intervention group and the control group, the post-intervention CDI total score and the awareness about school violence showed significant improvement in the intervention group. When compared according to gender, male students' perception of school violence was improved, and female students showed significant differences in CDI scores. Conclusion: The CDI total scores and the perception of school violence were improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. And there are differential pattern of intervention effects according to gender. These findings have important implications to develop effective violence prevention programs.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.241-265
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Parent Effectiveness Training (P. E. T.) on (1) parental awareness and verbal control patterns of mothers and (2) the relationship between parental awareness and verbal control patterns of mothers. The subjects were 43 mothers whose children were in 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades in one of two elementary schools in the City of Seoul. Mothers who participated in a P. E. T. class were assigned either to an experimental or a control group. Mothers in the experimental group received P. E. T. during the study; those in the control group received it after the study. Instruments were the Parental Awareness Interview (Newberger, 1980) and the revised Verbal Control Patters (Gumperz, 1973) for mothers. The data were analyzed by t-tests and Pearson's correlations. The results showed that (1) P. E. T. influenced parental awareness of mothers, and this change was maintained one month after completion of the P. E. T. class. (2) Mothers' verbal control patterns were changed by P. E. T. Specifically, mother' imperative and positional verbal control patterns decreased while personal verbal control patterns increased after P. E. T. (3) P. E. T. was negativeiy related to mother's imperative and positional verbal control patterns but positively related to personal verbal control patterns.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.822-836
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify latent classes of behavioral problem trajectories in children with allergic diseases and investigate their predictors. Methods: This study used data from the 5th to 7th Panel Study of Korean Children. The participants included 840 children aged 4~6 years with allergic diseases. Statistical analyses were conducted using latent class growth analysis and multinomial logistic regression. Results: The trajectories of both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children with allergic diseases were classified into five groups, that is deteriorative, recovering, changing 1 (decreasing-increasing), changing 2 (increasing-decreasing), and low state persistent group. For the internalizing behavioral problems, predictors were temperament, father's education, family interaction, and disconnection in peer interaction. For the externalizing behavioral problems, predictors child's gender, temperament, marital conflict, parenting stress, family interaction, and parenting environment. Conclusion: Deteriorative group has high-risk behavioral problems in children with allergic diseases. We suggest to provide interventions considering latent problem trajectories based on ecological environments for allergic children.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

The purpose of this comparison of case reports is to introduce the results of the application of new devices for the management of growing Class III malocclusions in children. Two 8-year-old boys had a chief complaint of anterior crossbite. Anterior crossbite correction using a tandem traction bow appliance (TTBA) or a Carriere Motion 3D Class III appliance with a Transforce appliance was planned. By comparing cephalometric radiographs before and after treatment, changes in skeletal growth and incisor inclination to the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane could be measured. Both devices increased SNA and ANB angles, N-I Pg-A, U1 to SN, and U1 to FH. Both appliances improved facial features and resolution of anterior crossbite. The TTBA and Carriere Motion 3D Class III appliance had similar effects when applied as early treatment for growing mesio-occlusions and anterior crossbite in two boys. However, long-term outcome assessments and well-designed comparative studies are still required.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.3
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• pp.63-81
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• 1982

The purpose of this study is to relate social behaviors and child-rearing practices to the popularity of preschool children in Korea. Specifically, four major questions were raised and studied First, the relationship between a child's popularity and his/her social behaviors was examined. Second, this relationship was explored as a function of the child's sex. Third, the relationship between a child's popularity and maternal childrearing practices was investigated. Fourth, this relationship was explored as a function of the child's sex. The subjects of this study were 113 middle class preschool aged children and their mothers. Sociometric choices and peer-perceived social behaviors were obtained from these children using Moore's (1973) Sociometric Status Test. Mothers of these children described their childrearing practices in a Q-sort format of Child-Rearing Practices Report (CRPR) developed by Block (1965). The analyses of the data using Kendall's Tau Correlation Coefficient bore the following results: 1. Patterns of social behaviors shown by either popular or unpopular children were distinct; Popular children were friendly and conformative, while unpopular children were aggressive, non-conformative and independent. 2. Patterns of social behaviors in relation to the popularity and the unpopularity differed as a function of the child's sex; Popular boys tended to be active while popular girls were likely to be unaggressive, independent and not-teasing. Unpopular boys showed a great amount of discipline their daughters by means of non-punitive punishment and to express negative reaction to the sibling rivalry among their children. These mothers tended not to enjoy their 3. Certain patterns of maternal child-rearing practices tended to be related to the popularity status of the child; The mothers of popular children as compared to those of unpopular children enjoyed their roles as mothers and didn't use non-punitive punishment. 4. Patterns of maternal child-rearing practices in relation to the child's popularity and unpopularity differed as a function of the child's sex; The mothers of popular boys unlike those of popular girls tended to emphasize on their sons' achievement and perceived that their husbands were greatly involved with their sons. The mothers of unpopular boys appeared to show negative affection toward their sons. The mothers of unpopular girls were likely to displine their daughters by means of non-punitive punishment and to express negative reaction to the sibling rivalry among their children. These mothers tended not to enjoy their roles as mothers and did not believe that their daughters would behave as they should.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.511-523
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• 1995

The elastic open activator is one of the modified myodynamic activator. The reduced size of the appliance mass motivates the patients' comfort and longer time of wearing. Its peculiarities in loose fitting and the lack of appliance stabilization in the mouth draws the tongue and the surrounding functional matrices on close interaction with the appliance, consigns the physiologic exertion to target structures, and eventually makes it feasible to the inland of non-extraction treatment In the context of the sagittal malocclusion, the orthodontic trench is dependent upon the growth of basal structure aimed, therefore, it is contemplated to grabble the effects of Elastic Open Activator upon the class II malocclusion of growing child retrospectively. The cephalometric headfilms and study models of nine Class II malocclusion of growing child retrospectively. The cephalometric headfilms and study models of nine class II division 1 and five division 2 patients were evaluated and analyzed, and the following observations were drawn, 1. The maxilla maintained a normal growth pattern in both groups. 2. The mandible grew anteroinferiorly in both groups. 3. The upper incisors tipped ligually in Class II division 1 and tipped labially in Class II division 2 and anterior vertical alveolar growth was interrupted in both groups. 4. The lower incisors tipped labially. 5. There was an arch expansion in both groups and increase of available space in Class II division 2

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2011

This study investigated the relationships among mother's adult attachment, psychological well-being and affection parenting in low-income class and middle income class The subjects were 339 mothers who reared 3-5 old age child in Daegu and Gyoungbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, single and hierachical multiple regression, using SPSS Win 15.0. The results were as follows. (1) Adult attachment fully exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in low income class of mothers. (2) But adult attachment partly exerted indirect effects on affection parenting mediated by psychological well-being in middle income class of mothers.