• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 1998

In the past most major accidents resulted in death, but today there is a dramatic increase in the number of people who survive such accidents but who are left with permanent injury. Particularly, children who are inquisitive about their surroundings but immature in their ability to assess danger, are more vulnerable to accidents and their causes as well as to determine attitudes towards prevention. The main objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of using an accident prevention manual for accident for accident prevention education. The study was a quasi-experimental study using a questionnaire format. The subjects of the study were 393 mothers of children attending six day care centers in Seoul. Data collection was done between May 1 and June 15, 1997. The tools used for the study were a questionnaire developed the researchers and a manual for accident prevention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Types of accidents included stabbing, bums, falls from heights, choking, falls on slippery surfaces, traffic accidents, drowning, poisoning, and electrical shock in that order of frequency. 2. The main causes of accidents in children were from cosmetics and household medications. 3. The most frequent locations of accidents in the home were the bathroom, kitchen, and stairways in that order. 4. For $90.4\%$ of children safety seats were not used when the ridding in a car. 5. In examining the parents' accident prevention practices, it was found that many parents used only . one electrical outlet for many appliances, tending to overload the electricity lines and that they were not practically concerned bout the flammability of children's pajamas, indicating a less than positive attitude towards fire prevention. 6. The parents had not provided their children with any instruction on accident prevention or on what to do after an accident had occurred. 7. After the use of pamphlet in an accident prevention education program, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the degree to which children carried out safety measures (t=14.96, p=.000) and in their safety habits (t=-1.67, p<.1) indicating an effectiveness in this method of education. The results of this study showed that there are many things in a child's environment that can cause accidents and that the possibility of an accident occurring is high. So nurses looking after children should be aware of the need for safety education to prevent accidents in the home and plan to provide appropriate educational material to help parents with this education.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.47-50
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• 2016

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for blunt hepatic injury in children is not common and is especially rare after damage control surgery (DCS). We report a successful TAE after DCS on a child for massive bleeding from the left hepatic artery due to a motor vehicle accident. The car (a sport utility vehicle) ran over the chest and abdomen of a 4-year-old boy. On arrival, initial vital signs were as follows: blood pressure, 70/40 mmHg; heart rate, 149/min; temperature, $36.7^{\circ}C$; respiratory rate, 38/min. After resuscitation, computed tomography was done, and a suspicious contrast leakage from a branch of the left hepatic artery and a spleen injury (grade V) were found. TAE was performed successfully after DCS for a liver injury.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2005

Objectives: To describe the rate of injuries among infants and toddlers. and to investigate the attitude. knowledge. and practice on safety of their mothers. Methods: The total sample consisted of 308 mothers with infants or toddlers from two public health centers in two cities in Kyunggi Province. A questionnaire was used to collect data. which was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 Win program. Results: Thirty-eight percent of the subjects had experienced home accidents. Fall. burn. and laceration were the most frequently occurred home injuries. Most of the mothers were anxious for child accidents, and $59.4\%$ of mothers thought of safety as a primary concern. The mean score of knowledge on safety was 7.63. and the mean score of practice on safety was 34.76. Safety knowledge was significantly higher in mothers with higher education. higher income. and experience of having information on safety. but safety practice was not different depending on these factors. There was a negative correlation between safety practice and child rearing burden. Conclusions: The rate of injuries among infants and toddlers was still high compared to other developed countries. This study provided basic data about the accidents of infants and toddlers. and the level of safety knowledge and safety practice of their mothers. The related factors found in this study should be considered when providing anticipatory guidance or developing injury prevention programs for mothers.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify and analyze the types, characteristics, and frequency of patient safety accidents among hospitalized children. Methods: The data were collected from patient safety reports for 0-19-year-old patients from the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017. Using Excel software, a pivot table was used to classify and analyze the safety incidents, severity frequency, and characteristics of hospitalized child patients. Results: A total of 254 accident cases were reported involving child patients. The types of reports included medication accidents, falls, test errors, and others. Medication accidents accounted for 47.2% of the total reported cases. Regarding the severity of reported risk, there were no complications nor sequelae in 80.4% of the cases. Conclusion: This study is significant for systematically analyzing and reporting data reported about safety accidents among hospitalized children. These results will contribute further to preventing safety accidents in hospitalized children and to creating a desirable patient safety culture.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.404-405
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• 2001

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2002

This study examines the factors that are associated with accidents from riding on inline skates and/or kick boards among students in the elementary schools. Data were collected from 902 students in 3 elementary schools in Seoul. Data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The results were as follows: 1. Thirty-eight percent of the students investigated were found to have kick boards while sixty-one percent of the students had inline skates. 2. The age of mothers who answered the questionnaires showed a statistically significant association with injuries of their children on inline skates and/or kick boards. Children whose mothers are younger had a lower percentage of injuries on inline skates and/or kick boards. 3. Children with a lower score on K-CBCL had a higher chance of having an accident from riding on inline skates and/or kick boards. That is, children with lack of attention were more likely to be involved in an accident. First-born children were less likely to have an accident. 4. While mothers' attitudes toward the safety of inline skates and kick boards appeared not to be associated with accidents of their children, their preventive actions for the safety related to riding on inline skates and kick boards reduced the chance to be involved in an accident of their children. In conclusion, this study shows that mothers with children going to the elementary schools should be more action-oriented to prevent their children's accidents from riding on inline skates and/or kick boards than merely recognizing the safety of inline skates and/or kick boards on their own. Implication of these findings and major findings of this study were discussed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.28
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• pp.10.1-10.4
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• 2013

Objectives Children are one of the most vulnerable populations to the impact of disasters. We aimed to examine children's mental health in the area affected by the Hebei Spirit oil spill accident on December 7, 2007. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted using the Korean versions of the Children's Depression Inventory and State Anxiety Inventory for Children on 1,362 children attending elementary schools in the affected area. The information on distances between the nearest contaminated coastline to the child's residential house or attending school were obtained using a web-based map by inputting two address points. The symptom risks of depression and state anxiety were estimated by multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, and other covariates. Results Children with the closest distance (in the fourth quartile) to the school from the contaminated coastline showed a significantly higher symptom risk of depression compared to those with the farthest distance (first quartile)(odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-5.33), while there was no significant association between anxiety symptoms and distance. Conclusions Children, a vulnerable population for mental health impact by the oil spill accident, should be included in mental health programs in the community along with their family as victims of the disaster.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of children patients who had been treated in the Oriental Medical Hospital due to traffic accidents. Methods The study was carried out with 121 children patients who visited the Oriental Medical Hospital from April 2011 to March 2012 and was analyzed by reviewing the patients' charts. Results In the distribution of sex the ratio between boys and girls were similar, but regarding the age, 0~6 year-old group was more than that of 7~15 year-old group. In the traffic accident patterns, 87.6% of the entire children patients were injured by car crash. The highest type in the collision between cars was rear-ending impact. The most patients (48.8%) visited our hospital for oriental medical treatment in less than 3 days after the traffic accident. The number of the first visitors in the Oriental Medical Hospital were 77 (63.6%) and those who visited other western hospitals before and were 44 (36.4%). The most frequent duration of admission and treatment in OPD was less than 7 days. Sleeping disorders (37.1%) were diagnosed the highest in 0~6 year-old group and C-spine sprain (49.0%) was diagnosed the highest at 0~7 years-old group. Herb medications were prescribed to relieve anxiety for 0~6 year-old group and for 7~15 year-old group, those were prescribed to activate blood eliminating phlegm and to normalize Qi flow. The highest effective treatment period was less than 7 days. Conclusions This data suggested that the oriental medical care could be more effective in treating children victims of traffic accidents by confirming many different symptoms depending on the age.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the health care management status of preschoolers depending on the children's characteristics. Methods: The sample of this study were 212 mothers of preschoolers attending Child Care Centers in three cities, Seoul, Daejon, and Suwon, in Korea. A self administered questionnaire developed by investigators was used to collect data from September 15 to October 31, 2002. Data was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 Win program. Results: 5.7% of the children had not completed their vaccination programs. Children who were second or later birth order showed less complete vaccination rates than firstborn babies. Children who had working mothers showed less complete vaccination rates than those whose mothers did not work. Among the various vaccinations, the DPT and MMR booster vaccination rates were the lowest. Home safety scores were higher when mothers have younger children. higher monthly incomes and reside in apartment type houses. Forty one(41%) of the preschoolers experienced accidents, and the accident rate was higher in boys and children with easy temperament. The most frequently experienced accident was laceration. Twenty eight point eight percent(28.8%) of the children experienced hospitalization because of various diseases. Most of the mothers perceived their children healthy. However, children who were second or third born were perceived less as healthy. Children in families with less monthly income were perceived as less healthy. Conclusions: This study provided basic data about preschoolers' health care management status focusing on vaccinations and accident rates. More attention should be paid to preschoolers' health and safety. Related factors found in this study should be considered when providing anticipatory guidance for parents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.101-108
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• 2018

This study was carried out to obtain baseline data on the causes of industrial accidents and their prevention by investigating structural models between the Shipyard workers' egogram ego-states (CP: Critical Parent, NP: Nurturing Parent, A: Adult, FC: Free Child, AC: Adapted Child), safe and unsafe behaviors, and industrial accidents (frequency/severity). In order to achieve this goal, 378 workers from 3 locations of major corporations in Geojedo Island and Ulsan took a questionnaire, which was then analyzed with a structural equation model using the SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 24 statistics package, and the main results of the study are as follows. First, NP and A's ego-states had a positive influence on safe behavior, AC's ego-state had a negative influence on safe behavior, and A's ego-state had the largest influence on safe behavior. Second, CP and AC's ego-states had a positive influence on unsafe behavior, and A's ego-state had a negative influence on unsafe behavior. AC's ego-state had the largest influence on unsafe behavior. Third, safe behavior did not have a significant influence on industrial accidents. However, unsafe behavior had a positive influence on industrial accident frequency and industrial accident severity, both sub-factors of industrial accidents. This study, despite its limitations, such as sampling limitations, has the following significance. First, this study verified that ego-state, a psychological characteristic, is an important factor for predicting unsafe behavior that induces industrial accidents. Second, in order to reduce industrial accidents, there is a need to stimulate the A ego-states, and promote continuous safety management and safety education to neutralize the AC ego-state. Third, previous studies were limited in the area of practical methods for reducing unsafe behaviors, but this study presents practical methods for reducing unsafe behaviors by verifying the structural relationship between safe/unsafe behaviors and industrial accidents by selecting ego-gram ego-states, variable personality theory, as an independent variable.