• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.21-40
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• 1999

Path analysis was used to determine variables influencing the self-esteem of 222 4th, 5th, and 6th grade children in law-income families. The children and their mothers responded to questionnaires on self-esteem, child psychological traits, mother psychological characteristics, economic hardship, and child rearing practices. Mothers' warmth-acceptance child rearing behavior was facilitating of children's self-esteem. However, mothers' economic stress had an indirect impact via their depression on decrease in the warmth-acceptance variable. Permissive-nonintervention child rearing behavior decreased the level of children's self-esteem. However, mothers' depression and marital confilct(??) deriving from economic stress increased both rejection-restriction and permissive-nonintervention styles of child rearing. Mothers who experienced much stress due to economic hardship influnced(??) children's perception of their family's poverty and thereby lowered their children's self-esteem.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.139-149
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• 2005

Predictors of parenting efficacy were examined in 448 college-educated mothers of kindergarten children. The mothers completed measures of maternal self-efficacy, child temperament, and father's child-rearing involvement. Higher parenting self-efficacy was observed in mothers of daughters, older siblings, less emotional, more active, and more sociable children, and among mothers who perceived higher levels of father's child-rearing involvement. Of the father's child-rearing involvement variables, guidance of socially appropriate language and behavior was the best predictor of mothers' parenting efficacy.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.617-632
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of paternal parenting behaviors, child-rearing involvement, and father-child communication perceived by children on their leadership. A total of 197 children selected from three elementary schools and their fathers participated in this study. Data were collected using a parenting behavior index, a child-rearing involvement inventory, a father-child communication inventory, and a children's leadership index and statistically analyzed using the t-test, a one-way ANOVA ($Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test), and a multiple regression analysis. The results show significant differences in children's leadership according to the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, the father's family activity involvement, and open/problematic communication between the father and the child. The child's age, the father's education level, family income, the father's warmth/acceptance, open communication, and problematic communication were significant predictors of the child's leadership. These results suggest that a child's leadership may be strengthened if the father is warmer and more accepting and has open communication with the child.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relation to perceived maternal child rearing behaviors and the level of internet addiction in the upper year grade students. Method: Data was collected through self-report questionnaires in which perceived maternal child rearing behaviors and internet addiction. This study population was comprised of 668 students who enrolled 4~6 year-grade in Kwangwon-Do. The data collected was analyzed by the SPSS program. Results: The level of internet addiction of subjects was rather low. Of the children, 88.2% reported being average on-line users, 7.3%, heavy on-line users, and 4.5%, internet addicted. Gender, existence of father, mother's attitude when child overuse on-line, average playing time of on-line per day, frequency of on-line visits per week and purpose of on-line use for average on-line users were different from that of heavy on-line users. The level of perceived maternal child rearing behaviors were abbreviate positively correlated to the level of internet addiction in subjects. Conclusion: We suggest these results be used to develop a internet addiction prevention program.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the Seesaw & Swing early intervention program on the positive changes of mothers with young children who come from low-income families. It measures their child-rearing efficacy and their child-rearing behaviors. The Seesaw & Swing early intervention program was developed by the Community Chest of Korea [13]. The subjects for this study consisted of 96 mothers (49 in the service group, 47 in the control group) from low-income families. The instruments used were the child-rearing efficacy scale [4] and the child-rearing behavior scale [29]. The results of this study indicated that the Seesaw & Swing early intervention program produced positive effects in child-rearing efficacy as well as in child-rearing behaviors: namely, healthy-rearing abilities, guidance abilities, and discipline abilities in child-rearing efficacy; and affection, rational guidance, authoritative control, encouragement and concern in child-rearing behaviors. In conclusion, for mothers with young children coming from low-income families, the Seesaw & Swing early intervention program can be said to be an effective parent education program, which goes some way towards ending the intergenerational transition of poverty in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.39-50
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• 1998

This study investigated the relationship between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors of adolescents. The subjects were 448 junior and senior middle school students. Statistics were frequencies, percentile, Pearson's r-coefficient, and regression analysis. The main results of this study were as follows ; 1. There were significantly positive correlation between the types of parental abuse and maladjustmental behaviors. 2. The variables, neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and physical abuse were found to be the important variables in predicting social withdrawal. Neglect, unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents, and sex of the child were found to be the important variables in predicting hyperactivity. Neglect, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting aggression. Sex of the child, emotional abuse, and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be the important variables in predicting retreat. And, neglect and unreasonable rearing behavior of the parents were found to be important variables in predicting obsessive-compulsion.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.231-245
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fathers' child-rearing behavior and the competencies of their children and to suggest ways in which fathers can exert a positive influence on their children. The subjects were the fathers and mothers of 649 six- to seven-year-old children attending schools located in T city. Data was analyzed by frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis. Results showed that "limit setting" was the most frequently used child rearing behavior by fathers. On the other hand fathers' "reasoning guidance" was correlated with children's personalities and intellectual competencies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.486-496
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the awareness of child rearing among parents of children in early childhood and to provide fundamental data for parent education programs according to child rearing type. Methods: Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Forty Q items which were derived from a literature review and interviews with nurturing mothers were classified into a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program. Results: Four types of parents' child rearing were identified. Type I was named 'affection-respect type', type II, 'concern-rule compliant type', type III, 'solicitude-model type', and type IV, 'geniality-encouragement type'. Conclusion: For proper growth and development during early childhood, parents should have rational information and awareness of their child rearing type. Results of this study can be used as essential data to develop child rearing education programs according to parents' child rearing attitude.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-107
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• 1997

This study investigated parental perceptions and practice of filial piety and in child rearing practices regarding filial piety. The subjects of this study were 681 parents. 1) The results showed that most parents perceive, practice and teach their children the 12 virtues of filial piety. 2) There were significant differences in fathers' view (perception, practices, education) of ancestor- worship as found according to child developmental stage. The significant of difference in mother's perceptions of emotional-care, ancestor-worship and persuasion and moral training was found according to child developmental stage. The significant differences in mother's practices in moral-training, economic-support, persuation, and ancestor-worship were found according to child developmental stage. The singificant differences in mother's child-rearing in gratefulness, moral-training, emotional-care, persuasion, obedience to parents, and ancestor-worship were found according to child developmental stage. 3) Traditional child-rearing behavior has declined.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.122-132
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• 2019

This study aims to explain the effect of mother's child rearing behavior on aggression of young children and to verify the mediating effect of self-control between two variables. For the purpose, 1,524 children who fit this study among children aged 5 through 7th year of the Korean Children's Panel were selected. The data were analyzed by using the hierarchical regression method and the Sobel test. The main findings are as follows. First, the mother's warmth of rearing behavior was shown to decrease aggression of children, while mother's control of rearing behavior had no influence their aggression. Second, It was shown that the self-control of young children had a negative effect on their aggression. Third, self-control was shown to have a partial mediating effect in the relationship between the mother's warmth of rearing behavior and aggression of children. Accordingly, various programs to reduce the aggression of young children were suggested and an alternative plan was proposed to be applied to child care sites.