• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 1998

Adriamycin is a one of anthracyclin antibiotics isolated from the culture media of Streptomyces peucetius var casius. The formation of reactive oxygen metabolite by redox cycling during the metabolism and the inhibition of DNA synthesis results in antineoplastic effects of adriamycin. The authors have demonstrated the effects of SOD(superoxide dismutase) or DMTU (dimethyl thiourea), which are used as an antioxidant, on the ultrastructural changes of the gastric chief cells after the administration of adriamycin in the rat. Adriamycin (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to the Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 220 gm and SOD (15000 unit/kg) or DMTU (500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to the rats 30 minutes after the administration of adriamycin. The gastric chief cells 24, 48 and 72 hours after the administration of adriamycin were observed with Hitachi-600 electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1. SOD or DMTU alone did not affect the ultra structures of the gastric chief cells in the rat. 2. Dilation, sacculation and segmentation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilation of the saccules of Golgi complex and dilated mitochondria with electron lucent matrix were seen in the adriamycin treated rats. In the course of time, the ultrastructures of the chief cell changed markedly. 72 hours after drug administration, severely dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, with clumping of chromatin around the nuclear envelope and mitochondria with electron lucent matrix and dilated cristae were seen in the chief cell. 3. The treatment of SOD is more effective than DMTU to attenuated the ultrastructural changes of the chief cells in the adriamycin administered rat. Consequently it is suggested that adriamycin would induce the degenerative changes of the organelles of the chief cell. The treatment of SOD is more effective than DMTU to attenuate the adriamycin induced damage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2001

Object : This study was carried out to examine the effects of Shogunjungtang-ga-younggol morea on gastric ulcers. Methods : In order to study the effects of Shogunjungtang-ga-younggol morea on gastric ulcers. Gastric ulcers were induced in HCI-aspirin in rats. The experiments were done by oral administration and measured by anatohistological features of ulcer lesions, and the changes of the number of parietal cells, chief cells, gastrin and somatostatin- immunoreactive cells. Results : In the Shogunjungtang-ga-younggol morea administrated groups, no gross lesions of ulcer and anatohistologically, just minor injury of gastric mucosa were detected. The number of parietal cells were significantly decreased, and the number of chief cells were significantly increased, in administrated groups. The number of gastrin-immunoreactive cells and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells was significantly increased in administrated groups. Conclusion : According to the results, it is considered that the administration of Shogunjungtang-ga-younggol morea seems to be applicable to the treatment of gastric ulcers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1999

Nitric oxide (NO), a cellular messenger synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS, EC.1.14.13.39), is considered to be a regulator of gastric secretion. In the present study, the role of NO in the regulation of exocrine secretion was investigated in rat gastric chief cells. Treatment of chief cells with carba-chol resulted in an increase in the arginine conversion to citrulline, the amount of $NO_{x}$, the release of pepsine-gen, and the level of cGMP Especially, carbachol-stimulated increase of arginine to citrulline transformation, the amount of $NO_{x}$, cGMP level and the release of pepsinogen were partially reduced by the natural NOS inhibitor, $N^{G}$-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) and $N^{G}$, $N^{G}$-dimethyl-L-arginine (DMA). Furthermore, MMA- and DMA-induced decrease of pepsinogen secretion showed dose-dependent patters. Activation of NOS is one of the early events in receptor-mediated cascade of reactions in gastric chief cells and NO, not completely, but partially mediates gastric secretion. Agonist-stimulated pepsinogen secretion in chief cells has been considered to be mediated in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate pathway and/or guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Taken together, the above results suggest that partial decrease of exocrine secretion following treatment of NOS inhibitor may result from the inactivation of NOS and subsequent guano- late cyclase, and NO/cGMP pathway may play a pivotal role in exocrine secretion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 1975

In mammals there are two distinct cellular units of the gastric glands which are responsible for the secretion of acid and pepsin respectively, namely, the parietal cells for acid and the peptic or chief cells for pepsin. On the other hand, the bird does net have separate parietal and chief cells in the glandular stomach. There exist only a single cell type in the asian gastric secretory-glands. In spite of this single cell type, however, variation in pepsin and acid secretion can he seen. Present study was conducted to know distribution, secretion and formation of the pepsinogen granules in chicken and rat stomach which observing by light and electron microscope. 1. In chicken, the pepsinogen granules are distributed in all submucosal gland cells and yet there are no distinction of parietal and chief cells. In rat, the pepsinogen granules are distributed in chief cells which lined the lower two-thirds of the gastric tubles and the parietal cells occupy upper third of the tuble. 2. Carbachol markedly stimulates the secretion of pepsinogen granules in chiken and rat, but Histamine is slightly. 3. After Histamine and Carbachol treatment, the pepsinogen granules are formated continuously and reaccmulated as control after 3 to 4 hours.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.185-207
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• 1998

In order to study the immunohistochemical effects of Opae-san on gastric ulcer induced by HCl-aspirin in rats, experiments were done by oral administration and measure histological features of ulcer lesion, scaning electron microscopic appearance, the changes of numbers of parietal cells, chief cells, gastrin and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells. The obtained results are as follows: 1. Ulcerative lesions were numerously detected in control groups especially in junction of cardiac-fundic gastric mucosa and histologically very severe injury to gastric epithelium were observed too but in the Opae-san administrated groups, no gross lesion of ulcer were detected and histologically minor injury of gastric mucosa were observed. Most slight injuries to gastric mucosa were observed in 5 days after treatment. 2. The numbers of parietal cells were remarkably increased in control group but in Opae-san administrated groups appeared significant decrease compared to control groups. Most remarkably decrease of the numbers of parietal cells compared to control groups were observed in 5 days after treatment. 3. The numbers of chief cells were remarkably decreased in control group but in Opae-san administrated groups appeared significant increase compared to control groups. Most remarkably increase of the numbers of chief cells compared to control groups were observed in 5 days after treatment. 4. The numbers of gastrin-immunoreactive cells were remarkably decreased in control group but in Opae-san administrated groups appeared significant increase compared to control groups. Most remarkably decrease of the numbers of gastrin-immunoreactive cells compared to control groups were observed in 5 days after treatment. 5. The numbers of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were remarkably decreased in control group but in Opae-san administrated groups appeared significant increase compared to control groups. Most remarkably decrease of the numbers of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells compared to control groups were observed in 5 days after treatment. 6. Scaning electron microscopically, severe denude and degeneration of gastric mucosa were observed in control groups but in Opae-san administrated groups the lesions were remarkably decreased compared to control groups.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.153-163
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• 2005

This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric chief cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). Healthy adult ICR mice weighing 25 gm each were divided into normal and experimental groups (experimental control group and BCG treated group). In the experimental groups, each mouse was inoculated with $1x10^7$ Ehrlich carcinoma cells subcutaneously in the inguinal area. From next day after inoculations, 0.2 mL of saline or BCG (0.5 mL/25 g B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8{\sim}0.32{\times}10^8$ CFU) were injected subcutaneously to the animals every other day, respectively. The day following the last injection, each mouse was sacrificed. Pieces of the tissue were taken from the stomach, prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide solution. The ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The size of zymogen granule and the size of the mitochondrion of the gastric chief cells were observed and calculated. In the BCG treated group, most chief cells did not show any difference in ultrastructure, except that myelin figures were more frequently observed, in comparison with that of nornmal control group. The size of zymogen granule in the gastric chief cells of normal control, experimental control and BCG-treated groups were $0.98({\pm}0.108){\mu}m,\;1.05({\pm}0.092){\mu}m\;and\;0.93({\pm}0.053){\mu}m$, respectively. And the mitochondrial size of the gastric chief cells of normal control, experimental control and BCG-treated groups were $0.80({\pm}0.130){\mu}m,\;0.83({\pm}0.143){\mu}m\;and\;0.72({\pm}0.078){\mu}m$, respectively. From the above results, it was concluded that BCG may slightly suppress function of the gastric chief cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.326-337
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the prevention effect of Sunkiwhajung-tang (SWT) which has been used as a traditional prescription for the treatment of digestive disease in Korea on the gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats, the changes of number and size of ulcerative lesions, parietal, chief, Grimelius and Serotonin-positive cells in the peri-ulcerative tissues were detected with histological examinations of ulcerative and peri-ulcerative lesions after oral injections of SWT extracts (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively). SWT prevented to a great extent the expected indomethacin-induced elevation in hemorrhagic ulcerative lesions, the number and size of ulcerative lesions, and the number of parietal cell, chief cell, Grimelius-positive cells and Serotonin-positive cells in the peri-ulcerative lesions in a dose dependent manner. These results provide a story evidence that SWT produced an protective effect on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin. Determination of the specific mechanisms involved in the protective effect of SWT on the gastric ulcer will require additional study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.527-532
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• 1992

The present paper describes temporal changes of immunohistochemical localization and quantities of carbonic anhydrase isozyme II (CA-II) prochymosin (PC) and pepsinogen (PN) in goat's abomasal mucosae during long term milk feeding. The CA-II was not detected by day 14 after birth and then became positive on day 34 in the parietal cells, suggesting that the excretion of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins between days 14 and 34 under a feeding condition without solid materials. The quantity of the PC in the gastric chief cells detected by the ELISA showed rapid increase from the day of birth, making a peak on day 8 and then gradually decreased with age. The decrease in quantity of PC became started during the time period when HCl excretion had not started yet. The quantities of PN in the gastric chief cells were almost stable during the whole period examined. Expressions of these gastric enzymes did not seem to be regulated by the change of feeding condition.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.589-599
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• 2001

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Hyangsayukgunja-tang extract on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions of mice. Methods: To evaluate the effects of Hyangsayukgunja-tang extract and Misoprostol, the morphology of gastric mucosa, and the distribution of mucose cells, PNA(Peanut Agglutinin), ICAM(intercellular adhesion molecule), and apoptotic cells were observed. Hyangsayukgunja-tang extract and Misoprostol were intragastric injected to the test groups at hour 72 before and just before indomethacin treatment(HYT-J, HYT-72, M-J, M-72), while the INDO group was injected only with indomethacin and the control group was subcutaneously injected only with saline. Results: The gastric mucosal lesions incresed in the fundus and body of INDO group, but softened in HYT group and M group, the effects were more excellent in the HYT-72, M-72 groups than the HYT-J, M-J groups and in the HYT group than M group. The disappearance of surface and neck mucose cells were shown in INDO group, but softened in HYT group and M group. The mucosal configuration of HYT-72 group was the same as control group. The numerical increase of PNA positive reaction in cytoplasm of perietal cells were appeared in INDO group. The PNA positive reaction in HYT group and Miso-group were shown in surface mucous cells and microvilli of apical surface in chief cells as control group, and were the same as control group in all mucosa of HYT-72 group. The distribution of ICAM positive cells, increased in INDO group, but decreased in M-72 group, and were the same as control group in HYT-72 group. The apoptotic cells, increased noticeably in gastric mucosa of INDO group, decreased in HYT group and M group, and decreased noticeably in HYT-72 group. Conclusions: Hyangsayukgunja-tang extract had excellent effects on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.173-174
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• 1989