• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2013

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been known to induce interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) production and promote Th1 immunity. Although mammalian IL-18 has been characterized in great detail, the properties and application of chicken IL-18 remain largely uninvestigated as of yet. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interleukin-18 (chIL-18) on immune responses induced by avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines. After oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18, chickens were vaccinated intramuscularly with the recommended dose of either inactivated AI H9N2 vaccine or ND (B1 strain) vaccine. Chickens receiving a primary vaccination were boosted using the same protocol 7 days later. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated in terms of HI antibody titers and proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in response to specific antigen stimulation. According to our results, oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 induced enhanced humoral and Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity against AI and ND vaccines, compared to that of chickens received S. enterica serovar Typhimurium harboring empty vector. Therefore, we conclude that our proposed vaccination regimen using inactivated AI and ND viruses along with oral administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 may provide a novel approach in protecting chicken from currently circulating AI and ND virus strains.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2009

닭의 전염성 F낭병 바이러스(IBDV)가 원인 바이러스인 전염성 F낭병은 전 세계 양계산업에 경제적으로 피해가 큰 중요한 질병이다. 이 연구의 목적은 닭에서 IBDV에 대한 방어면역을 유도하기 위한 in ovo 초회항원자극(priming)과 불활화백신에 의한 보강접종 방법에 항원보강제(adjuvant)로 chicken interleukin 6 (pcDNA-ChIL-6;plasmid encoding chicken interleukin-6)와 levamisole (LMS)의 효과를 조사하는 것이다. IBDV의 VP2, VP, VP3 protein을 암호화하는 유전자백신인 plasmid DNA vaccine (pcDNA-VP243) 단독 또는 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS와 함께 18일령 부화란의 양막낭(amniotic sac)에 접종하고 부화한 1주령의 병아리에 불활화 IBD 백신을 근육 접종한 다음 3주령에 고병원성 IBDV인 SH/92 주로 공격 접종하고 10일 동안 관찰하였다. 백신하지 않은 공격접종 대조군이 100%의 폐사율을 보인 반면 pcDNA-VP243 단독 접종군과 pcDNA-VP243에 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS를 첨가한 실험군은 모두 100%의 생존율을 나타내었다. 그러나 공격접종 후 F낭의 손상을 평가하기 위한 IBDV RNA의 검출, B/B ratio와 F낭의 병변지수(lesion score) 등을 분석한 결과 pcDNA-VP243에 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS를 첨가한 실험군은 pcDNA-VP243 단독 접종군보다 향상된 방어효과를 나타내지 않았다. 이 실험결과는 유전자백신에 의한 in ovo 초회항원자극-불활화백신에 의한 보강접종법이 고병원성 IBDV로부터 닭을 보호하기 위한 효과적인 방법이었으나 pcDNA-ChIL-6 또는 LMS의 첨가로 인한 방어효과의 향상은 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.338-342
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to screen and select Lactobacillus strains from chicken feces for probiotic use in animals. Of these strains, strain AU had the highest immunostimulatory effect. Therefore, strain A12 was characterized as a potential probiotic. Strain A12 was tentatively identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus A12, using the API 50 CHL kit based on a 99.9% homology. L. acidophilus A12 was highly resistant to artificial gastric juice (pH 2.5) and bile acid (oxgall). Based on results from the API ZYM kit, leucine arylamidase, crystine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosamidase were produced by strain A12. L. acidophilus A12 showed resistance to several antibiotics (nisin, gentamicin, and erythromycin). The amount of interleukin $(IL)-1{\alpha}$ in $20{\times}$ concentrated supernatant from L. acidophilus A12 was approximately 156pg/ml. With regard to antioxidant activity, L. acidophilus A12 supernatant showed 60.6% DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results demonstrate the potential use of L. acidophilus A12 as health-promoting probiotics.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.331-336
• /
• 2010

We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin-rich extract (PAE) from Pinus radiata bark in broiler. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and thymocytes was significantly enhanced in 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg PAE-treated broiler chickens. Proliferation of splenocytes was significantly enhanced in 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg PAE-treated broiler chickens. These effects were markedly enhanced by the presence of LPS, which acts on B cells responsible for humoral immunity, and Con A, which acts directly on T cells involved in cell mediated immunity. PAE significantly promoted the expression of interleukin-18 and interleukin-$1\beta$. Thus, PAE from P. radiata possesses immunomodulatory effects in broiler chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권10호
• /
• pp.1478-1485
• /
• 2017

Objective: The effects of vaccinating 18-day-old chicken embryos with the combination of recombinant Eimeria profilin plus Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) NetB proteins mixed in the Montanide IMS adjuvant on the chicken immune response to necrotic enteritis (NE) were investigated using an Eimeria maxima (E. maxima)/C. perfringens co-infection NE disease model that we previously developed. Methods: Eighteen-day-old broiler embryos were injected with $100{\mu}L$ of phosphate-buffered saline, profilin, profilin plus necrotic enteritis B-like (NetB), profilin plus NetB/Montanide adjuvant (IMS 106), and profilin plus Net-B/Montanide adjuvant (IMS 101). After post-hatch birds were challenged with our NE experimental disease model, body weights, intestinal lesions, serum antibody levels to NetB, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes were measured. Results: Chickens in ovo vaccinated with recombinant profilin plus NetB proteins/IMS106 and recombinant profilin plus NetB proteins/IMS101 showed significantly increased body weight gains and reduced gut damages compared with the profilin-only group, respectively. Greater antibody response to NetB toxin were observed in the profilin plus NetB/IMS 106, and profilin plus NetB/IMS 101 groups compared with the other three vaccine/adjuvant groups. Finally, diminished levels of transcripts encoding for proinflammatory cytokines such as lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ factor, tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15, and interleukin-8 were observed in the intestinal lymphocytes of chickens in ovo injected with profilin plus NetB toxin in combination with IMS 106, and profilin plus NetB toxin in combination with IMS 101 compared with profilin protein alone bird. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Montanide IMS adjuvants potentiate host immunity to experimentally-induced avian NE when administered in ovo in conjunction with the profilin and NetB proteins, and may reduce disease pathology by attenuating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines implicated in disease pathogenesis.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.367-376
• /
• 2022

Objective: The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is a threat to the poultry industry as well as the economy and remains a potential source of pandemic infection in humans. Antiviral genes are considered a potential factor for HPAIV resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated gene expression related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions by comparing resistant and susceptible Ri chicken lines for avian influenza virus infection. Methods: Ri chickens of resistant (Mx/A; BF2/B21) and susceptible (Mx/G; BF2/B13) lines were selected by genotyping the Mx dynamin like GTPase (Mx) and major histocompatibility complex class I antigen BF2 genes. These chickens were then infected with influenza A virus subtype H5N1, and their lung tissues were collected for RNA sequencing. Results: In total, 972 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between resistant and susceptible Ri chickens, according to the gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. In particular, DEGs associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were most abundant. The expression levels of cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18), chemokines (C-C Motif chemokine ligand 4 [CCL4] and CCL17), interferons (IFN-γ), and IFN-stimulated genes (Mx1, CCL19, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like, and protein kinase R) were higher in H5N1-resistant chickens than in H5N1-susceptible chickens. Conclusion: Resistant chickens show stronger immune responses and antiviral activity (cytokines, chemokines, and IFN-stimulated genes) than those of susceptible chickens against HPAIV infection.