• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.71-84
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to classify the family types based on the intra system dynamics and to examine sociodemographic backgrounds and the life satisfaction of these families. The data were collected by means of questionnaire distributed to a stratified sample of 544 housewives in Seoul who lived with housbands and children. The questionnaire included FACES II and III Communication Scale managerial behavior scale and life satisfaction Scale. Frequency percentile mean correlation factor analysis cluster analysis one-way ANOVA with scheffe test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. This study had resulted in four major findings. The first was that highly positive relationships were found among four intra system dynamics elements. The first was that highly positive relationships were found among four intra system dynamics elements. The second finding was that families were clustered by four types named personal-oriented enervated dynamic and managerial-orien ed family. The third finding was that the four types of family were influenced by education level and job of husbands and family income. The last one was that the differences in life satisfaction were found among four types of family. The housewives of dynamic family type showed the highest level of satisfaction whereas the lowest level of life satisfaction was found among housewives of enervated family type. The recommendations for future esearch and better ways to educate and counsel families were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.319-328
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between thoracic scoliosis and gastroenteric disorder. In this article, We surveyed sixty two patients and investigated through a questionnaire the health and meal habits, digestive trouble levels, stress levels(BEPSI-K), and the stress response index(SRI). Participants were classified according to each group in over $10^{\circ}$(vertebral scoliosis), under $10^{\circ}$(functional scoliosis) and made a diagnosis of X-ray of scoliosis grade. The data was took statistics on two group by independent t-test, chi-square test with SPSS/PC+ 10.0 program. The statistically significance was a p＜.05 and the following results were obtained； 1. In general characteristics, The thoracic scoliosis was as many as women, weight 50∼60kg, height 160∼170cm, married person. 2. Relations between health and meal habit with thoracic scoliosis was not statistically significant(p＞.05). 3. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and digestive trouble level was statistically significance (p＜.05). 4. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and incidence rate of internal disease was statistically significant(p＜.05). 5. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and stress(BEPSI-K) was statistically significant(p＜.05). 6. Relations between thoracic scoliosis and stress(SRI) was statistically significant(p＜.05). These results lead us to the conclusion that thoracic scoliosis influences digestive trouble, incidence rate of internal disease and stress. However, there results are not easy to explain because of the limitations of a few subjects and a single comparison. Therefore, further research on this study thoroughgoing inspection would clarify the association of thoracic scoliosis and gastroenteric disorders.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.442-446
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• 2002

Differences in dietary habits between Korean smokers and non-smokers were investigated using information obtained from 7,370 adults, aged 20 years and older who participated in the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Sulvey. Dietary habit data including: skipping of meals, meal regularity, meal volume, snacking habits, removing fatty portions before eating foods, and dietary supplement intake were collected using a structured questionnaire by interview. Individual smoking data was also collected by interview as part of the health behavior survey. A Chi-square test was used to test the association between the dietary habits and smoking. 66.9% of the men were smokers (daily current or occasional current), while only 6.7% of women smoked. On average, 34.7% of the subjects were smokers. Smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to engage in the following dietary habits considered unhealthy: skipping breakfast, meal irregularity, large dinners, small breakfasts, frequently eating out, and eating food without removing the fatty portion. Therefore, Korean smokers should be provided education to assist them in making healthy dietary choices such as: eating regular meals, small dinners, and removing fatty Portion of foods. The survey also revealed that a substantial percentage (about 20%) of the subjects were taking some kind of dietary supplement, regardless of smoking status. It is, therefore, alto necessary to inform the general public that a balanced diet is the ideal way to obtain nutrients for optimal health.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.252-265
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the circumstances, risk factors, and the predictors of fall incidents among patients in the small and medium-sized hospitals. Methods: Fifty patients with any fall experiences were matched by gender, age, and medical departments with 100 patients without fall incident at the same hospital. Data were collected from 5 small and medium-sized hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test, a Fisher's exact test, and a logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: In the patients with falls, the largest number of falls occurred during the day shift, in the patients' rooms, and while they were walking. Further 74.0% of the patients had physical injuries, and 34.0% had to take further medical diagnostic tests. Significant differences were found between the patients with falls and the others on 14 variables (cardiovascular disease, anemia, sedative-hypnotics, vasodilators, narcotic analgesics, dizziness, general weakness, unstable gait, walking aids, anger, anxiety, depression, orientation, and fear of fall). Narcotic analgesic use, dizziness, walking aids, and cardiovascular disease were identified as the predictors of fall incidents. Conclusion: These findings are hoped to be used in developing a fall risk assessment tool and fall prevention nursing programs for small and medium-sized hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2009

Objectives: This study examined clinical characteristics associated with bullying in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods.: Children and their parents were asked to fill out a structured self-report form regarding bullying incidents. To evaluate the characteristics of the children, the results of the ADHD Rating Scale, the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist, the ADHD Diagnostic system and the Emotional Recognition Test were used. The agreement of bullying data between each child and their mother and father was measured using Cohen's kappa. The association between victim and perpetrator was analyzed by calculating a contingency coefficient based on chi-square. To compare the characteristics of victimized children and didn't, an independent sample T-test was performed. Results: When children were victims of bullying incidents there was significant agreement between children and parents on the information provided on the self-reports. However, more children reported themselves as a perpetrator of bullying than their parents did. Victimization, that is, the tendency towards being a perpetrator, is associated with the higher level of parental reports of aggressiveness. Conclusion: Victimization of bullying is associated with aggression in children with ADHD. This study suggests that victimized children with ADHD warrant careful evaluation, in particular with regard to the credence placed on parental reports of aggressiveness, and management for aggression.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.477-485
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of antenatal depression on birth outcomes. Methods: The participants were 255 pregnant women who were followed in a prospective study. Of these, 197 cases were examined included birth weight, Apgar scores at 5 minute, premature contraction, complication of labor, delivery types and laboratory data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Chi square test of linear by linear association, Kruskal Wallis test, Relative Risk, univariate and adjusted multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis with SPSS/Win. Results: Level of antenatal depression was associated with low birth weight ($x^2$=7.69, p=.010). High risk pregnancy was a predictor of low birth weight (OR=6.98 [1.21-40.30]) and baby's weight (OR=2.12, [1.05-4.28]). Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was a predictor of complications in labor (OR=3.59, [1.03-12.48]). But there were no significant effects of antenatal depression on other birth outcomes. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that women with antenatal depression, high risk pregnancy, prepregnancy $BMI{\geq}23kg/M^2$ should be monitored and managed to ensure favorable birth outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1027-1035
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to Sex Role Stereotype of 20's$\sim$30's mens. The investigators surveyed 260 men who aged twenties and thirties in pusan. For data analysis, we used Chi-Square Test, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, T-test and ANOVA along with SPSS 12.0 package. The results of this study were as followings: First, the result of sex role stereotype according to vital statistics was different with age, scholarship, job, and employer. Androginy type and Undiffer type highly showed most variable. That showed the change of Sex Role Stereotype. Second, the result of the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to Sex Role Stereotype was identified as 'pursuit of fashion,' 'pursuit of sense,' 'feminity,' 'secession of sex role.' Third, the result of the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to the vital statistics was different with scholarship, job, and employer. Forth, the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to sex role stereotype was different with 'pursuit of fashion,' 'pursuit of sense,' 'secession of sex role.' Especially, 'pursuit of fashion' and 'pursuit of sense' was importantly understood with the factor of feminization in men's fashion in Androginy type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare vitamin D levels, sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms between shift workers and daytime workers and analyze the mediating effect of vitamin D and sleep quality between shift work and anxiety symptoms. Methods: The subjects of the study were 6744 people who received a medical examination while working for an electronics manufacturing company in 2016. We evaluated their shift work, vitamin D levels, sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms with blood samples and questionnaires. Chi-square test, t-test and path statistical analysis were performed. Results: The shift workers had significantly higher symptoms of anxiety than the day workers, significantly lower levels of vitamin D in the blood, and significantly poorer quality of sleep. The results of the pathway analysis confirmed that blood vitamin D and sleep quality had a mediating effect between shift work and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Shift workers should be constantly paying attention to mental health effects such as anxiety symptoms. Shift workers should also be alerted of the risk of vitamin D deficiency, encouraged about sun exposure and vitamin D intake, and required to undergo training and counseling on sleep hygiene.

• Water for future
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 1976

This Study is developed in order to determine the probability of a raintall depth of short duration in Seoul as considering the profect life and the factor of safety of hydraulic structures. The raw annual maximum rainfall data are selected from 1915 to 1974 about short duration (10min-120min.) in Seoul. The selected data are treated by frequency analysis, and the hypothesis that the distribution fuction of the raw data is normal Distribution is performed by chi-square test that signifcance level has 5%. With the parameters (mean and standard deviation) of the accepted distribution function, the probabilitn of a rainfall depth can be easily determined on the graph which is made on this paper.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.388-398
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to develop a post-operative exercise program, apply it to patients undergone lumbar spinal fusion surgery, and evaluate the effectiveness of the program on pain and disability activities of daily living. Methods: Fifty six patients who had lumbar spinal fusion were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups; 28 patients in the intervention group completed post-operative lumbar exercise program including walking for four weeks and 28 patients in the control group only did walking exercises. The degrees of pain on low back and leg were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) and the functional outcome was evaluated using the Korean version of Oswestry Disability Index (KODI) before surgery and 5 weeks after surgery. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test with SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Low back and leg pain of the participants in both experimental and control groups were improved after surgery compared to pre-surgery pain. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. KODI score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p=.014). Conclusion: The developed post-operative exercise program in patients with lumbar spinal fusion surgery seems to be a useful intervention to reduce disability in activities of daily living.