• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1990

This study was executed to investigate the vegetation structure and to propose the vegetation management proposals of the Sansung Nature Park at Cheonju City and the results were as fellows. 1. A damage of vegetation and soil surface around the Namgosa was taken place up to 100m by picnic 2. Pinus rigida forest covered 36.1% of the total area(152.6ha) and total afforested vegetation covered 43.5%, respectively. P. denstflora comm. covered 28.4% arid Carpinus laxiflora Comm. as a climax vegetation in temerate zone covered 0.3%, respectively. 3. 6, 7 and 8 of the degree of human disturbance of vegetation covered 45.3%, 26.6% and 21.4%, respectively and resulted in low quality of naturalness. 4. Physical and chemical properties of soil were pour at high elevation and were poor severely in and around the Namgosa due to human disturbance. 5. Plant community were under rapid succession and had unvalanced structure and heterogeneous composition of species. Rapid vegetational succession from Pinus densiflora and Pf. rigida to Carpinus laxifora, Quercus spp. and Robinina pseudo-acacia were taken place.6. The speeies of Raunkiaer's frequency class I as of high frequency class were Pinus dunsiflora, Carpinus alxiflora, Quercus mmongolica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunrs sargintii, Rhododendron yedoense, Stephanandra incisa and Lespedeza maxinowiczii. 7. Vegetational management proposals were made for three vegetation zones ; Historic landscape restoration and preservation zone, Afforested vegetation zone, Native vegetation conservation zone and recommanded native species for landcape planting.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

A comprehensive analytical method of endocrine disruptors[i.e., nonylphenol(NP), octylphenol(OP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(BEHP)] in meat or pork samples was developed. The method employed closed culture tube extraction with dichloromethane and solvent exchange to iso-hexane and SPE(2g) aminopropyl column, followed by determination on gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry(GC/MS) operated in the single ion monitering(SIM) mode. For the multipoint recovery of nonylphenol, octylphenol and bis(2-ethlhexyl) phthalate OP, NP were showen good recoveries in $0.125-1.25{\mu}g/g$ range of concentration, and BEHP more good recoveries in $0.0125-12.5{\mu}g/g$ wide range of concentration. The present method was applied to beef or pork samples of mart and butcher in Cheonju city and near Cheonju. The range of concentrations was respectively, $0.06-0.24{\mu}g/g$ in nonylphenol(NP) and $0.36-2.35{\mu}g/g$ in bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(BEHP), but octylphenol(OP) was not dected in any samples. This method provides a powerful analytical tool to investigate a wide range of endocrine disruptors in biological samples of limited quantity.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-27
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on anxiety and depression of the hospice patients. This study was devised one group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected during the period from July 10 to September 25 in 2000 at the general hospital in cheonju city. The subjects were thirty-seven patients who referred the hospice service. Method: The tools were used Spielberger's State Anxiety Scale and Zung's Depression Inventory. The spiritual nursing intervention was carried out through Hymn, Scripture, Prayer, the therapeutic use of self over a period of three weeks. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test. Results: 1.After the spiritual nursing intervention, state anxiety of hospice patients was reduced(t=6.237, p=0.000). 2.After the spiritual nursing intervention, depression of hospice patients was reduced(t=18.58, p=0.000). Conclusion: The hospice patients who were offered spiritual nursing intervention had lower anxiety & depression than those who were not offered spiritual nursing intervention. According to these results, spiritual nursing intervention can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieved anxiety and depression of the hospice patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2001

The watershed information of the Mankyung River and Dongjin River is obtained and analysed using the GIS tool. The informations i.e., digital map, land use, point sources, weather station, water quality measurement station, and pollutants load unit are managed by DB system. The slope, rainfall, and generated pollutants loads of COD, TN and TP which are the input data of the rainfall-runoff-pollutants load model are estimated. From the analysis of the collected and generated data, the almost watershed area is composed of agricultural lands except the upstream regions. The population and industrial area are densely located in Cheonju City and Iksan City, whereas the farming areas are widely distributed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

In this study, the water soluble sulfur, lead and cadmium contents of Prunus yedoerais leaves were analysed. The water soluble sulfur content considered as a main pollution indicator was extracted by the conventional barium sulfate method and the concentrations were calculated. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. The water soluble sulfur contents of the leaves collected from the heavy traffic roadside trees were two time higher than that of control materials on average. It was presumed those trees has been under meaningful pollutants impact. The water soluble sulfur contents of leaves between Cheonju and Iri was higher than that between Iri and Kunsan. 2. The range of Pb contents from roadside trees was 11.9-34.5 ppm for exceeding the control. The trees grown on the right roadside were more heavliy Pb-contaminated. 3. The range of Cd contents from roadside trees grown between Iri and Kunsan, the site-to-site variations of Cd concentration was not significant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 1992

This report succeds the previous paper, the source of materials and statistical designs used were not altered. Under the hypothesis of maleffect of atmospheric pollutions emitted mainly by traffic automobiles on 20-year-old, Prunus yedoensis roadside trees planted along national road between Cheonju abd Kunsan, chlorophyll a and b contents, magnesium and sodium contents of leaves were analysed on September 15. Besides control sites considered to be a pollution free district, 20 polluted road-side sites, 10 on left roadside and 10 on right roadside, oppositely faced in pairs were selected. The leaves collected from 5 trees at each sampling site were bulked to eliminate the individual tree variation. Chlorophyll were extracted by Mackinney and Arnon method. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The planting belt width between road shoulder and paved road face edge for cherry trees, 160~170cm, was considered too narrow for the growing space. 2. On an average, the total chlorophyll content between Cheonju and Iri($8.60{\sim}9.31ml/cm^2$) was lower than that for between Iri and Kunsan($9.24{\sim}10.74ml/cm^2$). 3. The chlorophyll b content showed the difference, higher on right roadside and lower on left side. However this difference could be confirmed by matched pair T-test at 10% level. 4. Without exception, the chlorophyll contents of control sites were higher than those of road-side trees, implying the maleffect of atmospheric pollutants on cherry tree growth. 5. On the contrary, magnesium and sodium contents of the leaves of road-side trees were higher than that of control site trees.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.341-357
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• 2006

Recently new periodic markets formed in large apartment areas where consumers live. Before, in the case of peasant periodic markets travelling merchants, consumers and producers met in specific places on decided dates. Closing time of apartment's new periodic markets is later than that of peasant periodic markets, and the number of travelling merchants is fewer than that of peasant periodic markets. The average number of apartment and household for a new periodic market is about ten and 920 respectively, and if neighboring apartment household are included, the number is larger. Apartment's new periodic markets in Cheongju city is included in Daejeon market area. The types of regional trip of travelling merchants can be divided into one round trip of two or three neighboring dongs and larger sphere of more than 4 dongs. The larger sphere round trip consists of one type combining the southeastern, southern and southwestern regions, and the other type combining southeastern and southwestern regions. About 85 percent of travelling merchants visit the periodic market 5 days in a week; about 12 percent of travelling merchants choose to visit on Saturday; only 2 percent of travelling merchants visit 4 days in a week.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.194-207
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• 2018

Objectives: The water fluoridation program has been implemented since 2008 at the Daesan water treatment plant, Changwon City. The aim of this study is to evaluate caries preventive effect of permanent teeth from community water fluoridation program Methods: Evaluation surveys were conducted on 8-, 10- and 12-year olds in the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area of Uichang-gu and Seongsan-gu, Changwon City in 2015. The number of the subjects in 2015 was 722 in fluoridated area and 707 in non-fluoridated area. The caries preventive effect of permanent teeth by community water fluoridation was estimated by the differences in adjusted DMFT and DMFS scores between the program and control groups. Cofounders of mean number of fissure-sealed teeth or surfaces, and number of subjects by gender were adjusted to estimate the caries preventive effect of permanent teeth. Results: The mean DMFT score or DMFS score of children aged 8-, 10- and 12-years adjusted for the number of fissure-sealed teeth or surfaces in fluoridated area were significantly lower than those in non-fluoridated area in 2015. The caries preventive effect of permanent teeth estimated based on the difference of mean DMFT scores adjusted for fissure-sealed teeth, age and number of subjects by gender between control and program group among children was 37.3%. Conclusions: These results suggest that the caries preventive effect of permanent teeth from water fluoridation program at Daesan water treatment plant, Changwon City was so high that the water fluoridation program should be developed in other regions in Korea.