• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2019

The purpose of this present study was to objectively evaluate gastrointestinal and bone marrow AEs after administration of various chemotherapeutic agents in canines with malignant tumors, using the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE), which includes descriptive terminology used for adverse events (AEs) reported in dogs and cats. The medical records of 42 dogs with malignant tumor that underwent chemotherapy were reviewed retrospectively. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of gastrointestinal AEs among the 5 chemotherapeutic agents (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, lomistine, and carboplatin). The prevalence of bone marrow AEs was significantly higher after administration of lomustine than after administration of vincristine or doxorubicin. Grade 1 AEs of the gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow were most often observed after administration of various chemotherapeutic agents. Delayed and cumulative myelosuppression of lomustine in some dogs receiving regular blood examination were identified. The findings of this study will help predict possible gastrointestinal and bone marrow AEs due to the use of chemotherapeutic agents to treat canines with malignant tumors.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.619-623
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• 2005

The efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor cells has been shown to be modulated by tumor suppressor gene p53 and its target genes such as Bcl-2 family members (Bax, Noxa, and PUMA). However, various chemotherapeutic agents can induce cell death in tumor cells that do not express the functional p53, suggesting that some chemotherapeutic agents may induce cell death in a p53-independent pathway. Here we showed that etoposide can induce the similar degree of cell death in p53-deficient HCT 116 cells, whereas 5'-FU-mediated cell death is strongly dependent on the existence of functional p53 in HCT 116 cells. Further, we provide the evidence that etoposide can induce the cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria, and etoposide-induced cytochrome c release is not accompanied with the large amplitude swelling of mitochondria. These data suggest that etoposide can directly induce the mitochondrial dysfunction irrespective of p53 status, and it may, at least in part, account for the p53-independent pathway in cell death induced by chemotherapeutic agents.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

Objective : Anti-malaria drugs may modulate tumor resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, but it has not been proven effective in the treatment of malignant gliomas. The aim of this study was to determine whether adequate pre-clinical data on co-administration of chemotherapeutic agents with anti-malaria drugs on malignant cell lines could be obtained that would warrant its further potential consideration for use in a clinical trial for malignant gliomas. Methods : Two malignant glioma cell lines [U87MG, T98G] were treated with chemotherapeutic agents alone or with anti-malaria drugs. Cells were incubated with drugs for 4 days. Following the 4-day incubation, drug sensitivity assays were performed using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay following optimization of experimental conditions for each cell lines and cell viability was calculated. Results : In all of four chemotherapeutic agents[doxorubicin. vincrisitne, nimustine, and cisplatin], the cell viability was found to be markedly decreased when hydroxychloroquine was co-administered on both U87MG and T98G cell lines. The two way analysis of variance[ANOVA] yielded a statistically significant two-sided p-value of 0.0033[doxorubicin], 0.0005[vincrisitne], 0.0007[nimustine], and 0.0003[cisplatin] on U87MG cell lines and 0.0006[doxorubicin], 0.0421[vincrisitne], 0.0317[nimustine], and 0.0001[cisplatin] on T98G cell lines, respectively. However, treatment with chloroquine and primaquine did not induce a decrease in cell viability on both U87MG and T98G cell lines. Conclusion : Our data support further consideration of the use of hydroxychloroquine prior to systemic chemotherapy to maximize its tumoricidal effect for patients with malignant gliomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.427-436
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• 2012

Targeted therapy has been a very promising strategy of drug development research. Many molecular mechanims of diseases have been known to be regulated by abundance of proteins, such as receptors and hormones. Chemoprevention for treatment and prevention of diseases are continuously developed. Pre-clinical and clinical studies in chemoprevention field yielded many valuable data in preventing the onset of disease and suppressing the progress of their growth, making chemoprevention a challenging and a very rational strategy in future researches. Natural products being rich of flavonoids are those fruits belong to the genus citrus. Ethanolic extract of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantiifolia peels showed anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, co-chemotherapeutic and estrogenic effects. Several examples of citrus flavonoids that are potential as chemotherapeutic agents are tangeretin, nobiletin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, and naringin. Those flavonoids have been shown to possess inhibition activity on certain cancer cells' growth through various mechanisms. Moreover, citrus flavonoids also perform promising effect in combination with several chemotherapeutic agents against the growth of cancer cells. Some mechanisms involved in those activities are through cell cycle modulation, antiangiogenic effect, and apoptosis induction.Previous studies showed that tangeretin suppressed the growth of T47D breast cancer cells by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation. While in combination with tamoxifen, doxorubicin, and 5-FU, respectively, it was proven to be synergist on several cancer cells. Hesperidin and naringenin increased cytotoxicitity of doxorubicin on MCF-7 cells and HeLa cells. Besides, citrus flavonoids also performed estrogenic effect in vivo. One example is hesperidin having the ability to decrease the concentration of serum and hepatic lipid and reduce osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats. Those studies showed the great potential of citrus fruits as natural product to be developed as not only the source of co-chemotherapeutic agents, but also phyto-estrogens. Therefore, further study needs to be conducted to explore the potential of citrus fruits in overcoming cancer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2004

Cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapeutic agents generally produce severe side effects, while reducing host resistance to cancer and infections, especially through the destruction of lymphoid and bone marrow cells. In this study, we have investigated the effect of chitosan on cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and life span in mice. The direct cytotoxicity of chitosan or chitosan-combinated chemotherapeutic agents for tumor cells was observed. In addition, the effect of life span extention was counted on sarcoma 180 mice injected with chitosan-combinated mitomycin C. The effect of growth inhibion for cancer cells, K562 and Yac-1 was shown in the cytotoxicity test of chitosan or chitosan-combinated chemotherapeutic agents. Also, the effect of life span extension was observed on sarcoma 180 mice injected with chitosan-combinated mitomycin C. Our results suggest that life span extension in sarcom 180 mice exposed with chitosan-combinated chemotherapeutic agents showed the probability of its usefulness for cancer therapy if more research results were accumulated.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.2_3
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• pp.97-100
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• 1969

As a part of an effort to find a relationship between metal chelation and its chemotherapeutic activity change for sulfa drugs, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfamerazine Sulfamethoxy-pyridazine-Cu(II) complex compounds were studied through IR spectra.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 1980

A total of 98 strains of Bordetella bronckiseptica isolated from pigs affected the infectious atrophic rhinitis(AR) during 1978 were surveyed for drug sensitivity to 26 chemotherapeutic agents, and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), incidence rate of resistant strain and resistant patern from the strains which were obtained from the different pig farm in Jeonnam province were examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Most of the strains tested were resistant to Ampicillin (AB, PC), spiramycin(SPO, sulfa drugs (SD) (MIC:$400.0{{\mu}g/ml}$) and streptomycin(SM) (MIC:$200.0{{\mu}g/ml}$). Of the 75.0% of strains were also resistant to penicillin(PC) (MIC:$200.0{{\mu}g/ml}$) and of the 14.3 of strains were inhibited to grow to tetracycline(TC), chlortetracycline(CTC), oxytetracyc-line(OTC), erythromycin(EM), tylosin(TS), leucomycin (LM) and chloramphenicol (CP) (MIC:$6.25{{\mu}g/ml}$). On the other hand, most of the strains tested were inhibited to grow to kanamycin(KM), gentamycin(GM) neomycin(NM) (MIC:$25.0{{\mu}g/ml}$) and to colistin(CL) (MIC:$12.5{{\mu}g/ml}$). 2. Incidence rate of resistant strains to main chemotherapeutic agents was 100.0% of sulfa drugs, 96.4% of streptomycin, 85.7% of penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and erythromycin, 46.4% of gentamycin, 17.9% of colistin and 0.0% of kanamycin and nalidixic acid.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3057-3062
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• 2013

Background: Selecting chemotherapy regimens guided by chemosensitivity tests can provide individualized therapies for cancer patients. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay is one in vitro assay which has become widely used to evaluate the sensitivity to anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical applicability and accuracy of MTS assay for predicting chemotherapeutic response in unresectable NSCLC patients. Methods: Cancer cells were isolated from malignant pleural effusions of patients by density gradient centrifugation, and their sensitivity to eight chemotherapeutic agents was examined by MTS assay and compared with clinical response. Results: A total of 37 patients participated in this study, and MTS assay produced results successfully in 34 patients (91.9%). The sensitivity rates ranged from 8.8% to 88.2%. Twenty-four of 34 patients who received chemotherapy were evaluated for in vitro-in vivo response analysis. The correlation between in vitro chemosensitivity result and in vivo response was highly significant (P=0.003), and the total predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for MTS assay were 87.5%, 94.1%, 71.4%, 88.9%, and 83.3%, respectively. The in vitro sensitivity for CDDP also showed a significant correlation with in vivo response (P=0.018, r=0.522). Conclusion: MTS assay is a preferable in vitro chemosensitivity assay that could be use to predict the response to chemotherapy and select the appropriate chemotherapy regimens for unresectable NSCLC patients, which could greatly improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce unnecessary adverse effects.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.370-376
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 1972

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five chemotherapeutic agents (penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and furazolidone) was measured for 126 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the udder of dairy cattle. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The MIC of penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and furazolidone ranged from 0.03 to 32 ug/ml, 0.06 to 128 ug/ml, 0.06 to 128 ug/ml, 1.0 to 512 ug/ml, and 0.06 to 32 ug/ml, respectively. The most frequent MIC of the above drugs were; penicillin 0.5ug/ml, streptomycin 1.0ug/ml, tetracycline 0.5ug/ml, oxytetracycline 4.0ug/ml, and furazolidone 2.0ug/ml. 2. The number of strains resistant to penicillin. streptomycin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline were 89(70.6), 9(7.1%), 10(7.9%), and 26(20.6%), respectively. Twenty-eight (29.2%) strains showed multiple resistance to more than two antibiotics tested.