• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical components of Perilla leaf(frutescens Britton var. scuta Kudo) according to the making process, and to examine Hunter's color value and sensory evaluation of Jasosuksu by extraction time. Perilla leaves were prepared in three types; fresh leaf, dried leaf in the shade and roasted leaf after being dried in the shade in order to make Jasosuksu. The results of the research were as follows: Free sugars(sucrose, glucose, fructose) and organic acids(citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid) were present in the fresh leaf, dried leaf and roasted leaf. $15{\sim}16$ kinds of amino acid including aspartic acid were determined in the fresh leaf, dried leaf and roasted leaf, and the major free amino acids were serine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. The major total amino acids of tile fresh leaf, dried leaf and roasted leaf were glutamic acid, histinine, and glycine. The major fatty acids of Perilla leaves were palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and linolenic acid. The content ratio of linolenic acid in fresh leaves was the highest, but that of palmitic acid was lower than that of dried leaves and roasted leaves. L value, a value, and b value of Perilla leaf were the highest in the roasted leaves followed by the order of dried leaves and fresh leaves. L value and b value of Jasosuksu extracted from roasted leaves were higher than Jasosuksu extracted from dried leaves. The preference of color, flavor, sweetness of Jasosuksu extracted from dried leaves was the highest when extraction time was 10 min. at $70^{\circ}C$, but that of Jasosuksu extracted from roasted leaves was the highest when extraction time was 15 min. at $70^{\circ}C$. The preference of color, flavor, taste of Jasosuksu extracted from roasted leaves was higher than that of Jasosuksu extracted from dried leaves.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.359-364
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• 1995

논담배 품질저하 요인으로 알려져 있는 grey엽발생원인 구명의 기초자료로 이용하기 위하여 논토양에서 자연발생된 grey엽을 채취, 피해정도별로 색채와 화학성분적 특성을 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Grey엽의 발생엽수와 발생율은 하위엽에서 가장 많았고 중 > 본 > 상엽 순이었으며 엽중성분함량은 정상엽에 비하여 Fe, Mn, Cl함량이 놓았고 피해증상이 심할수록 높았다. 2. 동일엽내에서 grey피해부위가 정상부위에 비하여 Fe, Mn, Cl함량이 높고 전질소, 에테르추출물은 낮았으며, 니코틴, 전당, Ca함량에서는 차이가 없었다. 3. Grey엽의 내용성분간에는 전질소와 Cl, Fe와 Mn간에 정상관이, 전질소와 전당 및 Mn, Cl과 전당간에는 각각 부의 상관관계가 있었다. 4. 색상은 정상엽에 비하여 증상이 심할수록 L치가 크게 감소하고 b치, a치 순으로 감소하였으며, L치와 a치는 일정한 경향이 없었으나 b치는 현저히 낮아 grey엽의 특성으로 나타났다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the burley tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) curing methods. The effects of the three kinds of curing methods on the dry weight losses during curing, chemical contents and physical properties of cured leaves, and organoleptic and smoking qualities were observed. The dry weight losses during curing was the highest in the stalk curing, and the lowest in the conventional priming. The longer the curing periods was, the more the loss of dry weight. The percent of the excessive dried leaves was high and the price per kilogram was low in the conventional priming. The chemical contents and the physical properties of the cured leaves in the conventional priming were similar to those of yellowing or browning stage of curing. But, the chemical contents and the physical properties of the cured leaves in the stalk curing were comparable to those of the air curing. The smoking quality was the best in the stalk curing.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1985

This study was conducted to obtain the information for the difference of chemical characteristics in each tobacco growing districts and year. The results obtained were as follows 1. Difference of chemical characteristics in 6 districts: In case of flue-cured tobacco leaves, the produced leaf tobacco from Cheong Ju and Dae Jeon districts showed middle level in nicotine and total sugar contents, on the other hand, low nicotine and high sugar contents tobacco leaves were produced in An Dong and Jin Ju districts and high nicotine and low sugar contents of tobacco leaves in Su Won and Chun Cheon , respectively. In Burley tobacco leaves, the nicotine and total nitrogen contents of Chun Cheon districts product's were lower than those of Dae Jeon , Jeon Ju and Kwang Ju district's one. 2. Comparison of each tobacco produced year : The nicotine contents of five-cured and Burley tobacco leaves were the highest in 1981 and 1979, respectively. Also, as time goes to recent year, nicotine and total nitrogen contents were decreased and total sugar contents somewhat was increased .

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2019

Conventional extraction of oil and azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide, from Azadirachta indica involves defatting the seeds and leaves using hexane followed by azadirachtin extraction with a polar solvent. In order to simplify the process while maintaining the yield we explored a binary extraction approach using Soxhlet extraction device and hexane and ethanol as non-polar and polar solvents at various ratios and extraction times. The highest oil and azadirachtin yields were obtained at 6 h extraction time using a 50:50 solvent mixture for both neem leaves (44.7 wt%, $720mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$) and seeds (53.5 wt%, $1045mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$), respectively.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.606-611
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• 2006

The chemical composition of Smilax china leaves and the quality characteristics of seolgitteok (rice cake) prepared with a water extract of these leaves were evaluated. Sucrose, glucose, maltose, and fructose were found as free sugars in the leaves, while the main fatty acids were stearic and palmitic acids. Glutamic acid and potassium were found at the highest levels among the analyzed amino acids and minerals in the leaves, respectively. On a fresh weight basis, the content of total phenolics and condensed tannin was 1.26 and 0.74%, respectively. As the amount of S. china leaf extract increased, the lightness of seolgitteok significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the rice cake, while redness and yellowness of the cake increased. Texture evaluation showed that springiness, strength, and cohesiveness were higher in rice cakes prepared with 2% S. china leaf extract compared to rice cakes made with 1% extract. At the beginning of the storage period ($20^{\circ}C$), there were no significant differences in viable aerobic cell and mold counts among rice cakes, but after four days in storage, a significant reduction in microorganisms was observed in rice cakes prepared with increasing amounts of leaf extract. On sensory evaluation, rice cakes made with 1% water extract from S. china leaves scored the highest on flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2003

밤나무의 밤꽃과 밤잎의 추출물의 항균활성을 검색하기 위하여, 이들의 화학성분을 분석하였다. 유리당 함량은 밤꽃에는 sucrose와 maltose가 많은 반면, 밤잎에는 sucrose, glucose, fructose가 가장 많았다. 탄닌은 밤잎에 1.98%, 밤꽃은 0.16%로 밤잎이 12배정도 많았다. 지방산 조성은 밤꽂과 밤잎에 linoleic acid가 가장 많았다. 밤꽃의 불포화 지방산은 61.4%, 포화 지방산은 23.1% 였으며, 밤잎은 불포화 지방산이 76.4%, 포화 지방산이 17.1%로 나타나 밤잎이 불포화 지방산 함량이 높았다. 유기산 함량은 밤꽃에 malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid의 많은 순이나, 밤잎은 succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid 순으로 나타났다. 아미노산 조성은 밤꽃에는 aspartic acid와 proline이 가장 많았고, 밤잎은 aspartic acid가 가장 많았으며, 아미노산의 총함량은 밤꽃이 230.33mg/100g 인데 비하여 밤잎은 1,550.36mg/100g로 약 6.7배나 높았다. 무기질은 밤꽃과 밤잎 모두에 K가 가장 많았으며, 다음은 Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al의 순으로 나타났다. 비타민은 밤꽃과 밤잎 중에ascorbic acid가 각각 5.2 mg/100 g 및 6.4 mg/100 g 함유하고 있었으며, 다른 비타민은 모두 trace로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2004

Changes in the level of metabolites in leaves and pods were examined with respect to the seed chemical composition in black soybean. There was no further increase in pod length after 42 days after flowering (DAF). Pod weight, however, persistently increase until 73 DAF, thereafter the weight was slightly lowered. The seed storage protein, however, increased drastically as the increasing rate of pod weight was lessened at 61 DAF. The accumulation of seed storage proteins was occurred conspicuously as the increasing rate of pod weight was slowed down. The chlorophyll content both in leaves and pods was drastically decreased after 50 DAF. The beginning of drastic reduction in chlorophyll content was occurred concomitantly with the reduction of soluble protein content in leaves. The sugar content in leaves showed similar tendency with chlorophyll and soluble protein content. The starch level in leaves, however, showed different changing pattern during seed development. The starch content in leaves was increased persistently until 66 DAF, thereafter the content was decreased drastically to about $55\%$ of maximal value at 66 DAF. Total phenolics content in leaves and the anthocyanins content in seeds were stable without noticeable increase until 66 DAF. The contents were increased dramatically after 66 DAF showing the synchronized pattern with the decrease in starch level in leaves. The levels of the selected metabolites in leaf and seed suggested that the accumulation of chemical components of black soybean seed is launched actively at 66 DAF. The profile of storage proteins was nearly completed at 61 DAF because there was no large difference in densitometric intensity among protein subunits after 61 DAF. In soybean, chemical maturation of seed begins around 61 to 66 DAF at which most metabolites in vegetative parts are decreased and remobilized into maturing seeds.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2002

Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence imaging was used to investigate the effectiveness of in vivo incorporation methods for two chemicals, 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and methyl viologen (MV) in rice, a monocot, and cucumber, a dicot, leaves. four different methods (vacuum infiltration, floating, transpiration-aided incorporation through petiole and spraying) were compared, and $F_i$ and $F_v$/$F_m$ were chosen for the imaging of the DCMU- and MV-treated leaves, respectively. The effects of the chemicals in plants were generally heterogeneous over the whole leaf area. Moreover, the effectiveness of the treatment of a chemical in plant leaves was dependent on chemical species, plant species, concentration of the chemical, the treatment method, the duration of the treatment, the existence of light and detergent, etc. In conclusion, we suggest that to achieve the proposed effects of chemicals in plants for an actual experiment, these factors must be considered before the chemical treatment, and the best method for the treatment of the chemicals tested was floating and vacuum infiltration in the dicot and the monocot leaves, respectively, as drawn from Chl fluorescence imaging analysis.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1985

This experiment was carried out to study on the effect of SO$_2$ gas to chemical composition of tobacco leaves during flue-curing. The results were as follows: SO$_2$ gas in briquet was the major factor to damage with tobacco leaves. The damage only occured in a presence of moisture in tobacco leaves, it did not occured after color fix'lng stage which is a little leaf moisture. The danger of damage to tobacco leaves lies in 10ppm of SO$_2$ gas concentration. Follow with the SO$_2$ gas concentration increased, sugar and nitrogen contents became higher, polyphenol contents were loss, and the quality of tobacco leaves declined.