• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2017

Chemical compounds from four different tissues of the kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus), a valuable medicinal crop originating from Africa, were examined to determine its potential for use as a new drug material. Leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds were harvested to identify phytochemical compounds and measure antioxidant activities. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses identified 22 different phytocompounds in hexane extracts of the different parts of the kenaf plant. The most abundant volatile compounds were E-phytol (32.4%), linolenic acid (47.3%), trisiloxane-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy] (16.4%), and linoleic acid (46.4%) in leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography identified the major compounds in the different parts of the kenaf plant as kaemperitrin, caffeic acid, myricetin glycoside, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Water extracts of flowers, leaves, and seeds exhibited the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD activity. Our analyses suggest that water is the optimal solvent, as it extracted the greatest quantity of functional compounds with the highest levels of antioxidant activity. These results provide valuable information for the development of environmentally friendly natural products for the pharmaceutical industry.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2003

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effect by split-application of slow-release fertilizer on the tea plant. The yield of the 2nd harvested tea leaves was not different to the slow-release fertilizer of two time split manuring had been doing Sep. or Mar. compared with the traditional manuring had been doing four time split manuring, but that of the slow-release fertilizer to one time split manuring in Sep. had decreased $12.5{\pm}1.5%$. In case of the 2nd harvested leave, the contents of chemical components related to quality such as total nitrogen, total amino acid were somewhat higher in the slow-release fertilizer (two time split manuring) than in the traditional manuring, but those of tannin, and caffeine were low, and those of chlorophyll, vitamin C, free sugar and theanine were not different to out of treatments. In scoring test, appearance and quality of green tea were more excellence in the two time split manuring compared with one time split manuring of slow-release fertilizer and with the traditional manuring (four time split manuring). Therefore, I thought that use of slow-release fertilizer be increased yield and quality of tea leaves, and improved efficiency nature of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium out of soil fertilizer components.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 1990

Viral insecticides were formulated with Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus and different U.V. protectants based on white carbon, molasses, and white carbon and molasses mixture to use as microbial control agents. Effect of rainfall on the attachment of formulated viruses to leaves was no different between the treated and the non-treated experiment. Persistence of the formulations was lated 5 days on the surface-sprayed leaves and 12 days on the under-sprayed leaves which was showing 60% mortality. Total mortality of the viral insecticides was more than 97% with no differences among them. Field evaluation of three viral insecticides in soybean field was very successful then carried out in Chinju, a southern part of Korea. Mortality by the formulation in the field during 14 days was more than 93%, but the formulations contained molasses showed phytotoxicity on soybean leaves. Spray effect of the viral insecticides was begun to appear from 7 days later than that of chemical insecticide.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2020

Polyphenols extraction conditions including extraction solvent, temperature, pH and time were optimized for the development of functional bio-convergence materials using non-edible parts of Aronia melanocarpa including its berry. Water, ethanol, and methanol were used for the extraction of polyphenol from aronia leaves, stem and twigs. Water was selected as an extraction solvent because water gave the highest extraction yields. Among the non-edible parts, aronia leaves had the highest total polyphenol content. The polyphenol extraction conditions from aronia leaves were statistically optimized using a experimental design method: reaction time of 4.5 h, extraction temperature of 79.3℃, and pH 7.2. These optimized extraction conditions could be used for the production of functional bio-material.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

Anti-diabetic potential of the leaves of A. elata through the inhibitory activity on PTP1B and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase has not been reported. In this study, the EtOAc fraction of methanolic extract from the leaves of A. elata showed potent inhibitory activity against the PTP1B and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase with $IC_{50}$ value of $96.29{\pm}0.3$ and $264.71{\pm}14.87{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Three known triterpenoids, oleanolic acid, oleanolic acid-28-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the most active EtOAc fraction. We determined the chemical structure of these triterpenoids through comparisons of published nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. Furthermore, we screened these triterpenoids for their ability to inhibit PTP1B and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase over a range of concentrations ($12.5-50{\mu}M$). All three terpenoids significantly inhibited PTP1B in a concentration dependent manner and oleanolic acid effectively inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. In addition, these compounds revealed potent inhibitory activity with negative binding energies toward PTP1B, showing high affinity and tight binding capacity in the molecular docking studies. Therefore, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that A. elata leaves and its triterpenoid constituents might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of diabetic disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2012

Panax ginseng (PG) is a globally utilized medicinal herb. The medicinal effects of PG are primarily attributable to ginsenosides located in the root and leaf. The leaves of PG are known to be rich in various bioactive ginsenosides, and the therapeutic effects of ginseng extract and ginsenosides have been associated with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. We examined the effect of PG leaf extract and the isolated ginsenosides, on nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$transcriptional activity and target gene expression by applying a luciferase assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$-treated hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Air-dried PG leaf extract inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$transcription activity and NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression more efficiently than the steamed extract. Of the 10 ginsenosides isolated from PG leaves, Rd and Km most significantly inhibited activity in a dose-dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ values of $12.05{\pm}0.82$ and $8.84{\pm}0.99\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Furthermore, the ginsenosides Rd and Km inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced expression levels of the COX-2 and iNOS gene in HepG2 cells. Air-dried leaf extracts and their chemical components, ginsenoside Rd and Km, are involved in the suppression of TNF-${\alpha}$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. Consequently, air-dried leaf extract from PG, and the purified ginsenosides, have therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatory.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.86-88
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• 1993

The effect of short term duration(1, 2 and 3 days) after urea foliar spray on leaf quality was investigated by chemical analysis of leaves and silkworm rearing with leaves treated with urea in autumn. Foliar spray increased water content by 0.4~0.7% and total nitrogen by 0.19~0.51% in leaves compared to the conventional treatment. Foliar spray increased NO3-N concentration in leaf 503~1107 ppm more than the conventional treatment. NO3-N concentration in leaf decreased with days after foliar spray. Whole cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight increased by 0.02~0.14g and 0.5~3.1 cg, respectively in foliar spray than in the conventional treatment. Though foliar spray raised NO3-N concentration in leaf, leaves harvested one day after foliar spray were no harmful to silkworm.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2002

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of split-application of slow-release fertilizer on the tea plant. The yield of the 1st harvested tea leaves had increased 12% in the slow-release fertilizer(two time split manuring) compared with the traditional manuring(four time split manuring), but that of the slow-release fertilizer to one time split manuring had decreased $6{\pm}3%$. In case of the 1st harvested leave, the contents of chemical components related to quality such as total nitrogen, total amino acid, chlorophyll, vitamin C and theanine were somewhat higher in the leaves of slow-release fertilizer(two time split manuring) treatment than in the traditional manuring, but that of tannin was low. The one time split manuring of slow-release fertilizer had a contrary tendency with two time split manuring treatment. In scoring test, appearance and quality of green tea were more excellent in the two time split manuring compared with one time split manuring of slow-release fertilizer and with the traditional manuring (four time split manuring). Therefore, use of slow-release fertilizer increased yield and quality of tea leaves, and decreased loss of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of the residual amount in the leafstalk (end) and the fore-end (upper) portion of lettuce leaves during cultivation period to 14 days, 12 times in total (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13 and 14 days) after spraying with boscalid and lufenuron. In the case of boscalid, the initial concentrations at 3 hours (0 day) of the leafstalk and the fore-end portion of lettuce leaves were 18.26 mg/kg and 84.97 mg/kg, respectively and the residual amounts were rapidly decreased to 0.31 mg/kg and 0.37 mg/kg at 14 days after chemical application. In the case of lufenuron, the initial concentrations at 3 hours (0 day) of the leafstalk and the fore-end portion of lettuce leaves were 0.91 mg/kg and 5.21 mg/kg, respectively and the residual amounts were rapidly decreased to 0.06 mg/kg and 0.09 mg/kg at 13 days after chemical application. The variations of the residual concentrations analyzing 12 times after spraying showed that the residual amounts of the leafstalk portion of lettuce leaves were less than its fore-end portion in boscalid and lufenuron. In additon, 9 kinds of pesticide including boscalid in 16 lettuce leaf (found to contain pesticide in 2013) showed that the residual amounts of the leafstalk portion of lettuce leaves were less than its fore-end portion as well.