• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 on sandy loam soil under variable fertilizer management; swine slurry and chemical fertilizer. The effect of different fertilizer management and application method on the growth characteristics and yield of rice were determined. The rice was planted to examine the effect of swine slurry on the crop growth. As slurry manure was fertilized, yield of each group of rice was decreased from 3 to $5\%$. In conclusion, basal application of slurry was maintained productivity of rice, but to improve of productivity of rice, the rice should be fertilized with the basal application of animal slurry and supplementary application of chemical fertilizer. The results indicates that application of animal slurry improves quality of rice rather quantity, which means grain yield. Rice quality of the slurry+chemical and the slurry were significantly better than that of the chemical fertilizer. That indicates application of animal slurry could improve rice quality. Application of animal slurry seemingly has potentials for reducing pollution of animal slurry and improving environment of rural area as well as producing high-quality rice.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

To mitigate the impacts of climate change on agricultural ecosystems, development of agricultural management for enhanced soil carbon sequestration is required. In this study, the effects of fertilizer types (chemical fertilizer and manure compost), cropping systems, and crop residue management on SOC(Soil Organic Carbon) sequestration were investigated. Summer corn and winter barley were cultivated on experimental plots under natural rainfall conditions for two years with chemical fertilizer and manure compost. Soil samples were collected conducted and analyzed for SOC for soil. To estimate long-term variation patterns of SOC, DNDC was run with the experimental data and the weather input parameters from 1981 to 2010. DNDC simulation demonstrated SOC reduction by chemical fertilizer treatment unless plant residues are returned; whereas compost treatments increased SOC under the same conditions and SOC increment was proportional to compost application rate. In addition, SOC further increased under corn-barley cropping system over single corn cropping due to more compost application. Regardless of nutrient input type, residue return increased SOC; however, the magnitude of SOC increase by residue return was lower than by compost application.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.111-116
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• 2001

As part of the recycling methods, residual food through the anaerobic fermentation process was decomposed into methane gas and fermentation liquid. The research was conducted to measure the effect of application of fermentation liquid on chemical properties of soil and plant growth according to application rate and separate manure at the base of nitrogen in fermentation liquid. The fermentation liquid contained 0.52% nitrogen was applied in treatments by standard fertilizer. The treatments were composed of the control only with chemical fertilizer and N-50, N-100-4, N-100-8 were each of applied with 50, 100(6 times), 100(3 times)% of fermentation liquid contrast to standard fertilizer. Properties of fermentation liquid was high EC because of waster soluble organic compounds as well as much of salts and also contained a lot of suspended solid. The changes of soil chemical properties little occurred in before and after of experiment but EC and content of ex. Ca in soil were increased. Fresh weigh in treatments applied with fermentation is high than that of control but the difference between treatments little showed. The above result means if fermentation liquid be used instead of chemical fertilizer the volume of used fermentation liquid will be reduced by 50% of present standard fertilizer.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2014

This paper is to develop the process suitable for the advanced treatment of liquid fertilizer from the livestock night soil treatment facility (biogas plant). Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) process was used, respectively, for the advanced treatment of liquid fertilizer. And membrane bioreactor (MBR) with and without biomedia were tested, respectively, for the pretreatment. It was found that almost T-N of the liquid fertilizer was composed of ammoniacal nitrogen. Transmembrane pressure of MBR with biomedia increased slowly during the operation time, while that of MBR without biomedia increased rapidly at the initial time. But there was no difference observed in the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P irrespective of the dosage of biomedia. When the liquid fertilizer was pretreated by MBR with biomedia, the removal efficiencies of COD, T-N, and T-P were 99.8, 86.5%, and 99.8% by NF, and 99.9, 86.8%, and 99.8% by RO, respectively. Compared with the effluent quality standards of the livestock night soil treatment facility, the water quality treated by MBR and NF/RO process met the standard for COD and T-P, but exceeded the permitted standard for T-N. In order to meet the effluent quality standard for T-N, it is necessary to change the MBR operation cycle or to add the secondary treatment by NF/RO.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.779-786
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• 2012

Many farmers have been seeking alternatives to chemical fertilizer for successful organic fruit production. This experiment was carried out to investigate the replaceability of chemical fertilizer by cover crop and slurry composting biofiltration (SCB) liquid manure (LM) application in pear orchard. Three treatments were contained in this experiment; cover crop only and cover crop + LM treatment, and control (chemical fertilizer application). Dry weight and mineral contents of gramineous cover crops were significantly increased in LM-combined treatments than that of leguminous species. Bulk density of soil was decreased in rye + LM and hairy vetch + LM treatments, compared with each cover crop treatment. Soil pH was lowest in fertilizer treatment and soil nitrate content became similar between treatments after rainy season. Available soil phosphate was lower in cover crop and cover crop + LM treatmemts than control, but exchangeable Mg was higher. The mineral content and net assimilation rate of leaves showed no difference between the treatments. As a result, it is suggested that the application of SCB liquid manure in pear orchard managed by cover crops is desirable to maintain the productivity by improving soil physical properties and potential nutrient recovery.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-346
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• 1983

This paper was prepared to characterize a physico-chemical and mineralogical examination on blast furnace slag as a source of silicate fertilizer, which was quenched with high pressure water stream in process of iron refinery at Pohang Iron and Steel Manufacturing Inc. Quenched slag was more coarse in particle size compared to present commercial silicate fertilizer milled from air-cooled slag and mostly generated in size of 1 to 2 mm. The total chemical composition of quenched and air-cooled slags was same but mineralogical composition was quite different. The former was composed of amorphous materials resulting in more soluble silica content, however, the latter contained dominantly crystalline minerals such as akermanite, gehlenite and wollastonite which meant less soluble ones. Latent cementing property and angular surface of gain of the slag made it difficult to apply the slag directly, however, it could be used as a source of silicate fertilizer and soil ammendment.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.50-54
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• 1982

This investigation was conducted to know the present conditions of the the chemical components in the soils and chemical fertilizer rates applied in the Yuyu village located Sanne myun, Buan gun, Jeonbug province. Total silkworm rearing farms in this village were 54 and 47 of them were chosen at random. Average fertilizer rate applied in this village was 40.8-13.7-13.9kg/10a as N-P$_2$O$\_$5/-K$_2$O. Farmers seemed to stress too much to nitrogen fertilizer. Available P$_2$O$\_$5/ in soils was below 7ppm (by Bray No. 1 method). However, 47% of the farms applied phosphate fertilizer less than 11kg/10a. The average of exchangeable K in soils was 0.68me/100g. Nine of the farms applied potassium fertilizer more than 20kg/10a and 7 farms of them had the soils contained above 0.4me/100g as the potassium content. The average soil pH was 5.3. All of the soils were below than pH 6.5. Exchangeable Ca and Mg were 3.62 and 0.83me/100g, respectively. The average lime requirement was 269kg/10a. The average organic matter content was 2.55% and for 72% of the total farms, organic matter content was below than 3%.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

A manure management plan is important for all daily operations. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of application level of liquid cattle manure on the soil properties and changes of BOD and COD content in run-off water at the mixtures swards of National Livestock Research Institute RDA Suweon in 1995. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five treatments consisting of no fertilizer chemical fertilizer application of 40, 60 and 80MT/ha as liquid cattle manure. The quantity of run-off for a no fertilizer was the highest of 1,469.4mm but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 60MT/ha was the lowest of 1,278.1mm. The change of BOD in run-off for a no fertilizer was the lowest of $19.84m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$, but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 80MT/ha was the highest of $36.22m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$. Change of COD in run-off for a no fertilizer was the lowest of $21.28m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$ but that for a application level of liquid cattle manure of 80MT/ha was the highest of $37.51m{\ell}/{\;}{\ell}$. Available phosphorus and total-N content of soil chemical properties was higher at liquid cattle manure than chemical fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.304-310
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• 2003

Effects of different amounts of fertilizer and manure application on changes of chemical and biological properties of soil were studied in plastic film house. Application amount of fertilizer was determined on the basis of soil test, standard application rate, and conventional rate of farmers. Lettuce in the first and second seasons and spinach in the third season were cultivated. Crop yields were highest in the plot fertilized on the basis of soil test during the three crop seasons. In the third crop season, spinach yield was lower in conventional plot applied with larger amount of pig manure compost than any other treatment. Organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium were accumulated in soil of the conventional plot with successive cropping. There was no difference in the abundance of soil invertebrates among the treatments, but soil enzyme activity was highest in the conventional plot.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2017

We aimed at investigating the difference in $N_2O$ emission factors of chemical and organic fertilizers and identifying the main factors influencing annual fluctuations in $N_2O$ emission. We conducted two-year experiments in 2016 and 2017 in an agricultural field planted with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Treatments included chemical NPK fertilizer (NPK) and chicken compost application at $10\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, $20\;ton\;ha^{-1}$, and $30\;ton\;ha^{-1}$ rates (CK1, CK2 and CK3). Control was also employed with no addition. Results showed that $N_2O$ emission rates were significantly related with soil water status and soil available N contents. Significant correlation between % water filled pore space (WFPS) and $N_2O$ emission was observed only when the %WFPS was greater than 40% and during the initial stage of the experiment (<60 d). Comparison of the emission factors in 2016 and 2017 showed us that the emission factor was greater in 2016 when the %WFPS was maintained higher by 16.5% compared to that in 2017. In 2016, the emission factor of organic fertilizer was higher than that of chemical fertilizer, while in 2017, the pattern was reversed. Annual variability in $N_2O$ emission could also be originated from the available N contents remaining in soil after being taken up by plants. If we apply excessive N fertilizer, the soil would contain excess amount of N which was not uptaken by plants, leading to a huge increase in $N_2O$ emission. This case would overestimate emission factor, which was the case for the organic fertilizer in 2016. Over-fertilization should be avoided when we set up an experiment to determine $N_2O$ emission factor.