• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.141-146
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• 1998

Production of medicinal soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], characterized with black seed, white stripe at hilum border, yellow cotyledon and small seed, is increasing with increasing consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of medicinal soybean seed and to provide basic information, for the characterization of these soybeans among genetic resources. Forty-four lines of medicinal soybeans collected from Korea and two control cultivars, 'Hwangkeumkong' (Yellow seed coat) and 'Geomjeongkong l' (Black seed coat) were planted at the Research Farm of the College of Natural Resources, Korea University, located at Namyangju City on May 25, 1996. Seeds of these lines were harvested at full maturity and analyzed for protein, oil, sugar, starch and mineral contents. Mean protein and oil content of the medicinal line seeds were 42.6 and 16.1%, respectively, and those of the control cultivars were in the middle range for protein and oil content. However, sugar and starch content of the medicinal line seeds appeared to be in the lower range of the distributions compared to the control cultivars and were 10.0 and 1.68%, respectively. Mean P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of the seeds of medicinal soybean lines were 15.9, 21.5, 3.11, and 2.81 mg/g, respectively, indicating that these lines had higher P, K, and Mg and lower Ca contents when compared to the control cultivars. Mean Na and Fe contents were 671 and 224 mg/kg, respectively, showing lower Na and similar Fe contents. The observed results provided that chemical compositions of medicinal soybean were, on average, different from those of the general soybean cultivars.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2003

In order to determine the contents of trans-resveratrol in red wine, which was mainly consumed in Korea, both LC/MS-ESI and LC/MS-APCI methods were used after solid-phase (Sep-Pak $C_{18}$-cartridges) extraction. The contents of trans-resveratrol obtained by LC/MS-ESI were detected in the range of $0.06-4.31{\mu}g/mL$. The recoveries were ranged from 88.4 to 97.9%. The values of relative standard deviation were ranged from 0.6 to 4.6% and the detection limit was $0.001{\mu}g/mL$. The contents of trans-resveratrol obtained by LC/MS-APCI were detected in the range of $0.09-4.02{\mu}g/mL$ and the detection limit was $0.005{\mu}g/mL$.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.856-862
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of liquid and solid additives on the morphological, mechanical and thermal insulating properties of rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). The PUFs synthesized with tetramethylsilane (TEMS) as a liquid-type additive showed a smaller average cell size and lower thermal conductivity than those with the aerosil 200 and clay 30B as solid-type additives. When TEMS was added, the average cell size of the PUF became more uniform and finer due to the reduced surface tension of the polymer solution, which increased the nucleation rate and number of bubbles produced and reduced cell size. The PUFs with TEMS showed the highest closed cell contents among the PUFs prepared using TEMS, aerosil 200 and clay 30B. This suggests that the insulation properties of PUF can be determined by both the size of the cell structure and the amount of closed cell contents in the system. The compression and flexural strengths of the PUF increased slightly when the aerosil 200, clay 30B and TEMS were added compared those of the neat PUF. The reaction profiles of the PUFs showed a similar gel and tack tree time with the reaction time among the PUFs synthesized with three different additives and neat PUF. This suggests that the nucleating additives used in this study do not affect the bubble growth of the chemical reaction, and the additives may act as nucleating agents during the formation of PUF. From the above results of the cell size, thermal conductivity, closed cell contents and reaction profile of the PUFs, liquid-type nucleating agent, such as TEMS, is more effective in decreasing the thermal conductivity of the PUF than solid-type nucleating agent, such as aerosil 200 and clay 30B.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 2002

This study was conducted to know the change pattern of chemical components, especially proximate constituents, saponin and free sugars in roots of 4-year ginseng according to different harvesting time, and to find out the optimum harvesting time on the basis of chemical components in fourth year ginseng root. The crude protein content was 20.77% of the highest on the April (shootinzg stage),13.13% of the lowest on the June among all growing stages, and was constant at 17% after the August. But crude oil and fiber contents showed the highest value on the May (flowering stage). The content of total sugars which was the largest constituent among the chemical components in ginseng root was in the range of 60~7(1% during the all growing stages. It showed the highest value of 7l% on the June, but the lowest of 60% on the May. The total free sugar contents was the highest on the April (20.40%), but the lowest on the May (11.89%). The change pattern of sucrose contents (10.96-19.60%) was same as the total sugars contents (11.89-20.40%), on the other hand, the contents of glucose and maltose were not changed significantly during all harvesting times. The contents of crude saponins and total ginsenosides had the value of 7.60% and 4.09% on the May, respectively. That was statistically significant, but the other harvesting times were not. Therefore, on the basis of the only chemical characteristics in the four year-old ginseng root, we suggest that the harvesting on the May at flowering stage was most proper time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1987

Simulated acid rain (pH 4.0, pH 2.0) containing sulfuric and nitric acid in the ratio of 60:40 (chemical equivalent basis) diluted with underground water, and underground water (pH 6.5) as control were treated on potted Pines koraiensis seeds during the growing season (May 1 to August 31) in 1985. The regime of artificial acid rain, in terms of spray frequency and amount per plot, was simulated on the basis of climatological data averaged for 30 years of records. The seedling growth, contents of chemical substances in needles and chemical properties of the tested soil were compared among the various pH levels of acid rain on October 31, 1985. Following results were obtained. 1. With decreasing pH levels of acid rain, S and $K_2O$ contents in leaf tissue were increased, but MgO and $P_2O_5$ contents were decreased. 2. Soil pH was dropped, and exchangeable aluminum content in the tested soil was dramatically increased as the pH levels of acid rain decreased. 3. Exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium contents, and base saturation degree of the soil were significantly decreased with decreasing pH levels of acid rain. 4. Sulfate concentrations in the soil were significantly increased as rain pH decreased, but total nitrogen and available phosphate contents were not influenced by acid rain.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.431-435
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• 2000

In order to develop new materials for the functional feed, the components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) was studied. Chemical composition, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids of the seed and the flower of safflower were analyzed. The chemical composition of safflower seed was 3.48% (w/w) moisture, 17.10% crude protein, 30.10% crude fat, 6.11% crude ash and these of safflower flower was 7.47% moisture, 26.30% crude protein, 11.50% crude fat, 5.73% crude ash. Mineral contents of the seed were K 170.70ppm, P 14.82ppm, Ca 13.17ppm, Mg 7.83 ppm whereas these of the flower were K 64.99 ppm, P 49.90 ppm, Ca 10.43ppm. Other mineral contents were less than 7.00ppm in all parts. The composition of the amino acid were approximately as follow, the major amino acid in all parts were aspartic acid, leucine, glycine, and arginine, the contents of these were 12.17mg/g, 11.52mg/g, 8.27mg/g, 6.99mg/g, 4.86mg/g in the seed, 19.35mg/g, 31.67mg/g, 10.30mg/g, 9.06mg/g, 12.51mg/g in the flower, respectively. The mahor fatty acids in the all parts were linoleic acid (C아래첨자). The linoleic acid and the palmitic acid (C아래첨자) in the seed and the flower parts were 77.75% (w/w), 19.32% and 8.37%, 25.62% respectively. On the basis of chemical analysis, the safflower showed to have relatively high contents of crude protein and crude fat, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acid as linoleic acid. These results suggested that safflower was found to be a useful material of natural health food for the functional food development.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Chemical composition and contents of carbohydrates, lignin, and extractives in Moso(Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel), Henon(Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf ex. Rendle), and Timber bamboo(Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc.) known as economically valuable bamboo species in Korea were analyzed as a function of ages. All of tested bamboo species were composed of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose. Glucose was the sugar which showed the highest content followed by xylose. The contents of others were below 3%. Sugar contents of bamboo shoots showed the lowest among the tested bamboo samples, and the constant rates were shown after 50 days of growth. Lignin content increased by the growth of one year, and the increasing rates tended to be constant after the growth of three years. Bamboo shoots have the highest contents of acid-soluble lignin, which turned into insoluble lignin after the growth of 50 days. Bamboo shoots showed the highest content of extractives and tend to be decreased by the growth of 50 days and then the content increased slowly in proportion to the period of bamboo growth. No relationship was found between species and chemical composition of bamboo. However, there were significant difference in chemical composition between bamboo shoots and 50-day old bamboo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2000

In order to develop new materials for the functional food, the components of safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) sprout was studied. Chemical composition, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids of the leaf and the stem parts of 2 weeks grown safflower sprout were analyzed. The chemical composition of safflower spout was 12.7% (w/w) moisture, 28.5% crude protein, 10.1% crude fat, and 5.3% crude ash. Mineral contents of the leaf part were P 49%, K 22%, Mg 15%, Ca 10% whereas these of the stem part were K 51%, P 27%, S 10%, Ca 7%, Mg 4%. Other mineral contents were less than 2% in both parts. Especially, Pt was 0.18 ppb and 0.17 ppb in the leaf and the stem parts, respectively. The composition of the amino acid were approximately as follow, the major amino acid in the leaf and the stem were aspartic acid and glutamic acid, the contents of these were 10.7mg/g, 10mg/g in the leaf, 11.3 mg/g, 8.4 mg/g in the stem, respectively. The major fatty acids in the leaf and the stem parts were linoleic acid and $\alpha$-linolenic acid. The linoleic acid (C18:2) in the leaf and the stem parts were 67% (w/w) and 47% whereas the $\alpha$-linolenic acid. The linoleic acid (C18:2) in those parts were 14% (w/w) and 11%, respectively. On the basis of chemical analysis, the safflower sprout showed to have relatively high contents of crude protein and crude fat, minerals including small amount of Pt, polyunsaturated fatty acid as linoleic acid and $\alpha$ -linolenic acid. These results suggested that safflower sprout was found to be a useful material of natural health food for the functional food development.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.895-900
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• 2018

In this study, the electroless deposition of Co-B and Co-W-B alloy thin films was developed and the effect of B and W contents on the hardness of the alloy thin films were investigated. An amorphous Co alloy film was successfully formed by electroless deposition and the contents of B and W in the film were controlled by varying the concentrations of dimethylamine borane and sodium tungstate dihydrate, which were used as a reducing agent and W source, respectively. The hardness of the thin films increased as the contents of B and W were increased because B and W act as impurities suppressing the propagation of dislocation in a film. In addition, it was found that the content of B and W in the Co alloy films can be increased significantly when aeration is not performed. Finally, the hardness of Co-W-B alloy thin film was improved up to 8.9 (${\pm}0.3$) GPa.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1997

A variation of free sugar and free amino acid contents of apples during the ripening period was determined by HPLC and amino acid analyzer. The research results are as followes: Fructose, glucose and sucrose were present in the apples. The contents of fructose was the highest, followed by the order of sucrose and glucose. The contents of total sugar in Red fuji was relatively higher than that of Fuji. During the ripening period, the contents of fructose increased conspicuously for the harvesting season and then it decreased gradually. The contents of glucose increased gradually for the harvesting season and then it somewhat decreased. The contents of sucrose increased continually, while, the contents of total free sugar reached the maximum for the harvesting season and then it decreased gradually. A variation in the contents of free amino acid and composition during the ripening period didn't make a significant difference. The major free amino acid of the apples was in the order of aspartic acid, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, histidine, arginine, and alanine. During the ripening period, aspartic acid, threonin, serine, alanine, histidine, and arginine increased gradually. Especially, alanine, histidine, and arginine increased remarkably after the the harvesting season. Glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, and leucine didn't show much change. The contents of total amino acid increased little by little as the apples ripened, dranstically increased during the harvesting season and slowly increased or slightly decreased after the harvesting seasom.