• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.757-763
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• 2023

Major industrial accidents in which workers die due to fires or explosions while working at chemical substance handling workplaces continue to occur. Among the major industrial accidents that occurred between 2005 and 2021, the accident status by work situation and equipment was analyzed. Through analysis, it was confirmed that storage, reaction, and piping facilities were the main causes of the accident, and a self-checklist for each facility was developed. Verification was conducted through the supply and use groups to evaluate the suitability of the use, duties, and items of the self-checklist. The user group showed higher satisfaction than the supplier group for all three suitability of use, job, and item. In particular, since the inspection items of the self-checklist were organized around the cause of the accident derived through the analysis of actual accident cases, the satisfaction level was high in all groups. It is expected that the self-checklist developed through this study will be useful not only for large companies but also for small and medium-sized chemical industries that lack professional manpower.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

Objectives: Acute exposure to high concentrations of chemicals can occur when a chemical accident takes place. As such exposure can cause ongoing environmental pollution, such as in the soil and groundwater, there is a need for a tool that can assess health effects in the long term. The purpose of this study was assessing the health risks of residents living near a chemical accident site due to long-term exposure while considering the temporal concentration changes of the toxic chemicals leaked during the accident until their extinction in the environment using a multimedia environmental dynamics model. Methods: A health risk assessment was conducted on three cases of formaldehyde chemical accidents. In this study, health risk assessment was performed using a multimedia environmental dynamics model that considers the behavior of the atmosphere, soil, and water. In addition, the extinction period of formaldehyde in the environment was regarded as extinction in the environment when the concentration in the air and soil fell below the background concentration prior to the accident. The subjects of health risk assessment were classified into four groups according to age: 0-9 years old, 10-18 years old, 19-64 years old, and over 65 years old. Carcinogenic risk assessment by respiratory exposure and non-carcinogenic risk assessment by soil intake were conducted as well. Results: In the assessment of carcinogenic risk due to respiratory exposure, the excess carcinogenic risk did not exceed 1.0×10-6 in all three chemical accidents, so there was no health effect due to the formaldehyde chemical accident. As a result of the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk due to soil intake, none of the three chemical accidents had a risk index of 1, so there was no health effect. For all three chemical accidents, the excess cancer risk and hazard index were the highest in the age group 0-9. Next, 10-18 years old, 65 years old or older, and 19-64 years old showed the highest risk. Conclusion: This study considers environmental changes after a chemical accident occurs and until the substance disappears from the environment. It also conducts a health risk assessment by reflecting the characteristics of the long-term persistence and concentration change over time. It is thought that it is of significance as a health risk assessment study reflecting the exposure characteristics of the accident substance for an actual chemical accident.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2024

연구목적: 유해화학물질인 염산수용액 운송 탱크로리 누출사고 발생 시 신속하게 누출을 차단하고, 효과적으로 방재작업을 진행하여 누출로 인한 피해를 최소화하는 최적의 방안을 찾고자 하는 데 있다. 연구방법: 염산에 대한 전반적인 특성과 운송 도중 발생했었던 사고사례를 사고 유형별, 원인별로 정리하고, 염산 탱크로리의 누출 상황을 가정하여 실험할 수 있는 소형 탱크를 만들어 누출 상황과 비슷한 환경을 구성하여 여러 가지 방법으로 누출 차단 방법을 실험하여 정리하고자 한다. 연구결과: 실험을 통하여 효과적인 누출 차단 방법을 확인하였다. 누출사고 발생 시 신속하게 차단하는 방안을 정리하여, 사고현장에서 적용할 수 있는 최적의 방재방안을 제시하고자 한다. 결론: 누출 차단은 접착테이프와 자석을 조합하여 사용하는 편이 차단에 효과적인 것으로 확인됐다. 사업장 비상 출동팀 및 제품 운송기사들에게 누출 차단 장비를 적절하게 선택하여 대응하도록 반복 훈련하면 신속한 대응이 가능하다. 향후 다양한 누출 차단 방안에 관한 추가적인 연구의 진행이 필요하다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

The chemical factory deals with dangerous element and more advance, human-error analyzes and becomes effective research for the country and region. This paper analysis the form of work-miss on human-error according to a safety accident for domestic chemical factory from 1999-2002. It include the present contents and raise issues human knowledge, behavior, judgment, sensibility as an important counter plan that makes the safety solution of work miss. For the point of view of human knowledge, it takes color standard for works to be effective in work place. For behavior, the test has been for risk Point of work place and infra worker movement, also the workers performed professional work as classify according to work. For judgement, the valuation sheet is reflected to minimize the human-error and the 3rd supervisor does a cross-check audit beforehand. For sensibility, it is applicable for human relations, information, communication by program to the consciousness and an attitude of worker-supervisor.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.33-39
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• 2004

The chemical factory deals with dangerous element and more advance, human-error analyzes and becomes effective research for the country and region, this paper analyes the form of work-miss on human-error according to a safety accident for domestic chemical factory from 1999-2002. It include the present contents and raise issues human knowledge, behavior, judgment, sensibility as an important counterplan that makes the safety solution of work miss. For the point of view of human knowledge, it takes color standard for works to be effective in work place. for behavior, the test has been for risk point of work place and infra worker movement, also the workers performed professional work as classify according to work. for judgement, the valuation sheet is reflected to minimize the human -error and the 3rd supervisor does a cross-check audit beforehand. For sensibility, it is applicable for human relations, information, communication by program to the consciousness and an attitude of worker-supervisor.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2018

Objectives: To protect individuals working at the site as well as the surrounding general population from a chemical accident, several emergency exposure guidance levels have been used to set a level of concern for certain chemicals. However, a level of concern has not been established for many substances that are frequently used or produced in large quantities in Korean workplaces. In the present study, we investigated the guidance levels for protecting populations from chemical exposure and the estimation of level of concern using acute inhalation and oral toxicity data. Methods: The number of chemicals to which emergency exposure guidance levels (e.g., ERPG-2, AEGL-2, PAC-2, and IDLH) can be applied were determined among 822 hazardous chemicals according to the 'Technical Guidelines for the Selection of Accident Scenarios (revised December 2016)'. The ERPG and AEGL values were compared across all three tiers for the 31 substances that appeared on both lists. We examined the degree of difference between the emergency exposure guidance levels and the estimates of level of concern calculated from acute inhalation or acute oral toxicity data. Results: Among the 822 hazardous chemicals, emergency exposure guidance levels can be applied to 359 substances, suggesting that the estimates of level of concern should be calculated using acute toxicity data for 56.3% of the hazardous chemicals. When comparing the concordance rates of ERPG and AEGL for 31 substances, the difference between the two criteria was generally small. However, about 40% of the substances have values diverging by more than three-fold in at least one tier. Such discrepancies may cause interpretation and communication problems in risk management. The emergency exposure guidance levels were similar to the estimates of level of concern calculated using acute inhalation toxicity data, but the differences were significant when using acute oral toxicity data. These results indicate that the level of concern derived from acute oral toxicity data may be insufficient to protect the population in some cases. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the development of standardized guidance values for emergency chemical exposure in the Korean population should be encouraged. It is also necessary to analyze acute toxicity data and fill the information gaps for substances that are important in Korean workplace situations.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2020

연구목적: 본 연구에서는 2014년부터 2019년까지 최근 6년간 발생한 화학사고 중 유해화학물질 운송차량사고의 특성을 분석하여, 운송과정에서 발생하는 화학사고를 예방하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 환경부 화학물질종합정보시스템의 통계자료를 활용하여, 운송차량에 의한 화학사고 사고유형, 사고원인, 차량종류로 나누어 조사하였다. 연구결과: 총 506건의 화학사고 중 운송차량에 의한 사고는 105건으로 조사되었으며, 전체 사고의 20% 이상 상회하는 수치를 보였다. 사고유형은 유·누출에 의한 사고가 대부분이었으며, 사고 주요 원인으로는 교통사고와 차량관리소홀이 각각 49건, 29건으로 전체 운송차량사고의 74%이상으로 나타났다. 차량유형별로는 탱크로리(57건, 54%)에서 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 화물트럭(39건, 37%), 트레일러(9건, 9%) 순으로 빈번하게 발생하였다. 결론: 운송차량 사고의 예방을 위해서는 운송차량의 철저한 점검 및 운전자의 안전운행이 요구된다. 또한 정부는 운송차량의 실시간 모니터링을 확대하고, 소관 부처별로 상이한 제도를 통합적으로 관리할 필요성이 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2012

연구개발 활동의 다양화와 융합화에 따라 실험실에서 다양한 종류의 화학물질의 취급 사용과 함께 실험실의 수행업무도 복잡 다양해져 잠재위험이 크다. 또한, 실험조건이 극한의 온도와 압력 하에서 수행되는 경우가 많아 화재폭발 사고 등으로 인명 피해가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대학과 연구기관의 실험실에서 화학물질 사용현황과 특성을 파악하여 실험종사자들의 안전성 확보를 위한 조사 도구로서 실험실 설문지를 개발하였다. 개발된 설문지를 이용하여 연구기관과 대학을 대상으로 전자우편과 방문조사로 화학물질 사용량과 폐기량 및 실험실 환경에 대한 인식도 조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 설문지 자료는 엑셀로 빈도 분석을 하여 실험실 사고예방 대책수립을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

Leakage accidents in businesses dealing with hazardous chemicals can have a great impact on the workers inside the workplace, as well as residents outside the workplace. In fact, there were cases where hazardous chemicals leaked from many businesses. As a result, the Chemicals Control Act(CCA) was enacted in 2015, the Ministry of Environment introduced an Off-site Risk Assessment(ORA). The purpose of the ORA is to secure safety from the installation of the design of the workplace facilities so that chemical accidents of hazardous chemical handling facilities do not cause human or physical damage outside the workplace. In general, the ORA qualitatively determines where a protected facility is within the scope of the accident scenario. However, elderly who belong to the sensitive group is more sensitive than the general group under the same chemical accident effect, and the extent of the damage is serious. According to data from the Korea National Statistic Office, the number of elderly people is expected to increase steadily. Therefore, a quantitative risk analysis considering the elderly is necessary as a result of a chemical accident. In this study, accident scenarios for 14 locations were set up to perform emergency evacuation due to toxic gas leakage of Cl₂(Chlorine) and HF(Hydrogen Fluoride), and the effects of exposure were analyzed based on the evacuation velocity difference of age 20s and 60s. The ALOHA(Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) program was used to calculate the concentration for assessing the effects. The time of exposure to toxic gas was calculated based on the time it took for the evacuation to run from the start point to the desired point and a methodology was devised that could be applied to the risk calculation. As a result of the study, the relative risk of the elderly, the sensitive group, needs to be determined.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2023

화학물질 사고는 신속한 대응 및 복구가 어렵고, 환경오염과 인명피해가 동반된다는 점에서 매뉴얼의 중요성이 점차 주목받고 있으며, OECD에서는 화학사고 예방, 대비 및 대응을 위한 OECD 지침서(이하 OECD 지침서)를 2023년 6월 개정하였다. 또한, 기존 연구에서는 화학사고에 대한 인식 제고를 통해 법규, 규정, 매뉴얼 등 시스템적 대응이 필요하다는 점을 강조하고 있으나. 매뉴얼에 대한 정보속성 비교연구는 찾아보기 힘들었다. 이에, 본 연구는 기존 OECD 지침서(2판)와 개정된 OECD 지침서(3판)을 비교분석하여 OECD 지침서별 정보속성을 파악하고 시사점을 발굴하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 세부적으로는 어떤 단어가 중요해졌는지 파악하기 위해 TF-IDF(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) 분석을 적용하였으며, 유사하게 사용한 단어와 차별성있게 사용한 단어를 파악하기 위해 Word2Vec을 적용하였다. 최종적으로는 2X2 매트릭스를 제안하고, 각 사분면에 어떤 단어들이 있는지를 도출하여 OECD 지침서별 정보속성을 심층적으로 비교하였다. 본 연구는 연구자들이 정보속성을 파악하는데 도움이 되는 프레임워크를 제공하고자 하였으며, 실무적으로는 국내 화학관련 정부부처 및 기업의 표준메뉴얼 개정에 참고할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.