• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2022

교대로 운전되는 광촉매반응기 공정, 및 바이오필터 공정(전통적 바이오필터(L 반응기)와 두 개의 유닛(unit)을 가지는 개선된 바이오필터시스템(R 반응기))로 구성된 통합처리시스템에서, 에탄올과 황화수소를 동시 함유한 폐가스 처리를 수행하는데 발생하는 공정 당 압력강하(△p)와 바이오필터 공정의 미생물 population 분포를 관찰하였다. 교대로 운전되는 광촉매 반응기의 △p는, 바이오필터의 △p와 비교할 때에 무시할 정도로 작게 관찰되었다. L 반응기의 △p는, 통합처리시스템의 운전 중에 계속 증가하여 4.0~5.0 mmH₂O (i.e., 5.0~6.25 mmH₂O/m)로 증가하였다. 한편 R 반응기의 경우에서는 L 반응기의 △p의 약 16~20% 이하인 작은 △p를 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 적용한 공극율이 큰 폐타이어 담체 등의 바이오필터 담체 및 R 반응기 설계의 적용이, 목재 칩(wood chip)과 목재 바크(wood bark)의 50 대 50인 혼합물을 바이오필터 담체로 사용한 전통적 바이오필터의 보고된 압력강하 값의 각각 37~50%와 40~53% 만큼 압력강하 저감에 공헌하였다고 분석되었다. 또한 본 연구의 R 반응기 운전에서 압력강하 값이, 공극율이 큰 화산석(scoria)과 compost를 75 대 25로 혼합한 복합 담체를 충전한 전통적 바이오필터의 보고된 압력강하 값보다 약 80%만큼 저감된 결과는 주로 R 반응기 설계의 적용에 기인하였다고 해석되었다. 한편, 통합처리시스템에서 바이오필터 담체의 microbial population 분포로서 L 반응기 및 R 반응기의 담체 내 미생물 콜로니 수 비교에서는 L 반응기가 제일 밑단에서 다른 윗 단의 콜로니 수보다 거의 두 배로 증가하였으나; R 반응기의 경우는 R_dn 반응기와 R_up 반응기 각각의 상단과 하단에서 고르게 분포하였고 L 반응기보다 콜로니 수가 평균적으로 약 50% 정도 더 컸다. 이러한 현상은 R 반응기의 상단과 하단의 함수율이 50-55%의 고른 분포를 보인 것에 기인하였다. 따라서 개선된 바이오필터시스템이 전통적 바이오필터보다 △p와 미생물 population 분포에서 더욱 우수한 특성을 보였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2003

To develope chemical heat pump using available energy sources, solar heat and other kinds of waste thermal energy, we have studied the material and heat transfer rate in the cylindrical bed reactor packed with Calcined Dolomite. Our results from the studies are as follows ; 1 The time needed to complete dehydration reaction at the wall side of the cylindrical reactor(r/rL=0.5) was shorter than that of the center(r/rL=0.0) as much as 12%. 2. Two dimensional (radial and circumferential) partial differential equations, concerning heat and mass transfer rate in the packed bed of calcined Dolomite, are solved numerically to describe the characteristics of the reaction in the cylindrical reactor. The solution reads rate of reaction in the packed bed reactor depends on the temperature and concentration of reactants. These results read the supplied heat transfers from the wall side of the cylinder to the center, dehydration reaction begins at the inner side of the wall of the cylindrical reactor and the dehydration reaction proceeds from the wall side to center of cylinder.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 1981

E. coil ATCC 9637의 균체를 젤라틴과 DEAE-cellulose의 혼합 성형 후 글루트알데히드 가교법으로 제조론 고정화 penicillin amidase의 differential column reactor에서의 반응속도를 논의하였다. 이러한 반응조의 최적 조작조건은 효소충진량 1g, 기질농도30mM(0.1M 인산완충액, pH8.0), 유출속도 4 $m\ell$/min, 온도 4$0^{\circ}C$이었다. 이 최적조건에서 고정화효소의 일반적인 성질을 조사하였다. Km 상수는 4.8mM 이었고 specific activity 308 units/g 고정화 효소이 었다. 또한 고정화효소에서는 기질에 의한 효소반응 저해효과가 보이지 않았다. 이러한 differential column reactor에서는 column내에서의 pH 감소효과 및 외부 화산효과가 없어지기 때문에 이러한 외부적 영향을 받지 않는 고정화효소의 반응 속도론적 연구에 적합함을 알았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2005

Characteristics of biological $CO_2$ fixation by Chlorella sp. HA-1 were investigated in a semi-continuous and series reactor system using an internally illuminated photobioreactor to overcome shortcomings of physicochemical technologies such as adsorption and membrane separation. High $CO_2$ fixation rate was achieved in the semi-continuous reactor system, in which the dilution ratios of the culture medium were controlled. The average $CO_2$ fixation rate was maintained almost constantly when the dilution ratio increased by 0.1 increment from the initial value of 0.5. The total removal efficiency of $CO_2$ was enhanced by employing a series reactor system. The average $CO_2$ fixation rate increased until 4.013 g $CO_2\;day^{-1}$ in a series operation of four reactors, compared to 0.986 g $CO_2\;day^{-1}$ in a batch operation mode. The total $CO_2$ fixation rate was proportional to the number of reactors used in the series reactor system. In the series reactor system of semi-continuous operation, a large amount of $CO_2$ was removed continuously for 30 days. These results showed that the present reactor systems are efficient and economically feasible for a biological $CO_2$ fixation.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

Hybrid시스템의 운전결과 황화수소의 removal efficiency는 황화수소의 inlet load가 $200g/m^{3}/h$에서 removal efficiency가 급격히 감소하여 약 60%의 수준을 유지하였다. 또한 톨루엔에 대한 removal efficiency는 거의 100%를 유지하다가 톨루엔의 inlet load가 $644g/m^{3}/h$로 증가할 때에는 약 60%로 감소하였다. 이와 같은 Hybrid시스템 운전결과로 부터 바이오필터만을 이용하여 황화수소와 톨루엔을 동시처리할 때보다 removal efficiency가 제고되었음이 관찰되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2005

Green-light emitting $BaMgAl_{10}O_{19}:Mn^{2+}$ (BAM:Mn) phosphor particles were prepared by spray Pyrolysis. The effect of reactor temperature and flow rate of carrier gas in the spray Pyrolysis on the morphology, crystallinity and photoluminescence characteristics under vacuum ultraviolet were investigated. The morphology of the as-Prepared Particles obtained by spray Pyrolysis had spherical shape and non-aggregation characteristics regardless of the reactor temperature. The spherical shape of the as-prepared Particles obtained by spray pyrolysis at low temperature disappeared after Post-treatment. On the other hand the as-Prepared Particles obtained by spray Pyrolysis at $1600^{\circ}C$ maintained spherical shape and non-aggregation characteristics after post-treatment at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 3 h under reducing atmosphere. The BAM:Mn Phosphor Particles Prepared by spray Pyrolysis at different reactor temperatures had pure crystal structure and high photoluminescence intensities under vacuum ultraviolet after post-treatment. BAM:Mn phosphor particles prepared by spray Pyrolysis at low How rate of carrier gas had complete spherical shape and filed morphology and high photoluminescence intensity after post-treatment under reducing atmosphere.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2016

The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promising municipal wastewater treatment process. In this study, two cross-flow MABRs were constructed to explore the carbon and nitrogen removal performance and bacterial succession, along with changes of influent loading shock comprising flow velocity, COD, and NH₄-N concentrations. Redundancy analysis revealed that the function of high flow velocity was mainly embodied in facilitating contaminants diffusion and biosorption rather than the success of overall bacterial populations (p > 0.05). In contrast, the influent NH₄-N concentration contributed most to the variance of reactor efficiency and community structure (p < 0.05). Pyrosequencing results showed that Anaerolineae, and Beta- and Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant groups in biofilms for COD and NH₄-N removal. Among the identified genera, Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the main nitrifiers, and Hyphomicrobium, Hydrogenophaga, and Rhodobacter were the key denitrifiers. Meanwhile, principal component analysis indicated that bacterial shift in MABR was probably the combination of stochastic and deterministic processes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3474-3490
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• 2021

Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is the preferred technology of the generation-IV fast neutron reactor, and its core body mainly uses nuclear-grade 316 stainless steel. In order to prolong the design life of SFRs to 60 years and more, it is necessary to summarize and analyze the anti-corrosion effect of nuclear grade 316 stainless steel in high temperature sodium environment. The research on sodium corrosion of nuclear grade 316 stainless steel is mainly composed of several important factors, including the microstructure of stainless steel (ferrite layer, degradation layer, etc.), the trace chemical elements of stainless steel (Cr, Ni and Mo, etc) and liquid impurity elements in sodium (O, C and N, etc), carburization and mechanical properties of stainless steel, etc. Through summarizing and constructing the sodium corrosion rate equations of nuclear grade 316 stainless steel, the stainless steel loss of thickness can be predicted. By analyzing the effects of temperature, oxygen content in sodium and velocity of sodium on corrosion rate, the basis for establishing integrity evaluation standard of SFR core components with sodium corrosion is provided.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2022

3가지 종류의 기-액 하이브리드 수평형, 수직형 그리고 needle-to-cylinder형 플라즈마 반응기가 제작되었다. 이들 반응기를 통하여 대기압 플라즈마 방전에서 발생하는 반응 활성종 생성과 전극 내의 전위차를 통한 세정성분의 기-액 활성화 반응을 일으키는 고효율 친환경 기반의 세정 개념을 제시하였다. 세정성능에 대한 효율성을 비교한 결과, needle-to-cylinder형 반응기가 가장 우수한 특성을 가졌다. 본 연구를 통해 기-액 하이브리드 대기압 플라즈마 반응기가 반도체 공정 등 초정밀 세정공정에 응용 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.2642-2646
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• 2012

Pretreatment of spent FCC catalyst and its application in remove trace olefins in aromatics were investigated in this research. The most effective pretreatment route of spent FCC catalyst was calcining at $700^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, washing with 5% oxalic acid solution in ultrasonic reactor and dried. Treated spent FCC catalyst was modified with metal halides, then to prepare catalyst to remove trace olefins in aromatics. X-ray diffraction, Pyridine-FTIR, $N_2$ adsorption-desorption and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) were used to investigate the pretreatment process. The result showed that the performance of the treated spent FCC catalyst was much greater than that of the spent FCC catalyst, which indicted the possibility and improvement of this research.