• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.04b
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• pp.239-244
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• 1999

aluminum sulfate (alum) as a representative retention aid in papermaking processes was added to pulp suspensions, and the aluminum components adsorbed on the pulp were investigated quantitatively by two types of X-ray elementary analyses with regard to simultaneous changes of their surface charges. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA) were applied to determine the aluminum components retained in pulp pads up to ca. 10 nm and 100${\mu}$m depth, respectively. In other words, XPS was utilized to analyze the outermost surface layers of the samples, and XFA was available for measurement of their extensive regions. A particle charge detector (PCD) was used to monitor streaming potentials at various pHs of the pulp mixtures under moderate sharing conditions. At pH 4.5 of pulp suspensions containing alum, surface charges of pulp fibers varied from negative to slight negative (approximately neutral) according to adsorption of aluminum components onto the pulp fibers. Subsequently, when a dilute NaOH solution in limited amounts was added to pulp mixtures, both streaming potentials and surface aluminum content of the pulp fibers increased distinctly although little total aluminum retention increased. Further addition of alkali solutions brought drastic decreases of the surface charges and surface aluminum content, while total aluminum content, on the contrary, increased gradually under neutral conditions. These results indicate that residual aluminum ions remained in pulp suspensions are predominantly adsorbed on surfaces of pulp fibers by adequate alkali additions and they must sufficiently cationize the fiber surfaces with increases of somewhat cationic aluminum complexes formed on the surfaces. On the other hand, aluminum components formed in higher pH ranges have nearly no contribution to improvement of charge properties of the pulp fiber surfaces, even though aluminum retention in pulp pads increases. XPS and XFA analyses combined with streaming potential measurement using a PCD suggest close relationships between aluminum content on the pulp fiber surfaces and their charge properties.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.301-304
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• 2011

This paper describes the possibility of a low-power, high-resolution fingerprint sensor chip. A modified capacitive detection circuit of charge sharing scheme is proposed, which reduces the static power dissipation and increases the voltage difference between a ridge and valley more than conventional circuit. The detection circuit is designed and simulated in 3.3V, 0.35${\mu}$m standard CMOS process, 40MHz condition. The result shows about 27% power dissipation reduction and 90% improvement of difference between a ridge and valley sensing voltage. The proposed circuit is more stable and effective than a typical circuit.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.7
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• pp.29-59
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• 2004

This is a study on hostage crisis and effective resolution of the crisis. First, we surveyed the theoretical guidance for our study: definition, patterns, of hostage crisis; psychology of hostage-takers. And we explores a great variety of hostage crisis cases to develop principles and methods for negotiation and subjugation. We suggest, throughout this study, some action program to be developed, as follow: First, we need to broaden and deepen the understanding on the issue of hostage-crisis by expanding educational opportunity on the issue, while raising hostage negotiators. Second, information sharing system among hostage management related offices, and complete training for SWAT team are required. Third, when a hostage-crisis is raised, police enforcement must corporate with mass-media in a way of close manner. Fourth, in a critical hostage crisis, the commander should appear on site for effective command. Lastly, the top-priority for the commander who is in charge of the crisis should be put on the security of hostage and hostage-taker, as well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.692-695
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• 2011

This paper describes the possibility of a low-power, high-resolution fingerprint sensor chip. A modified capacitive detection circuit of charge sharing scheme is proposed, which reduces the static power dissipation and increases the voltage difference between a ridge and valley more than conventional circuit. The detection circuit is designed and simulated in 3.3V, $0.35{\mu}m$ standard CMOS process, 40MHz condition. The result shows about 35% power dissipation reduction and 90% improvement of difference between a ridge and valley sensing voltage. The proposed circuit is more stable and effective than a typical circuit.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.595-596
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• 2008

we present a technique of power estimation for LCD panels using regression model. We extract and model two different power sources in LCD panels, those are gray-scale power and additional power of parasitic capacitors for charge sharing effect with inversion scheme. To model the power source, we use curve fitting and approximation. The results of proposed technique show that an average accuracy of estimation is above 98%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.205-209
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• 1991

The conventional modeling equations for planar MOSFET can not be directly used for zero or minus junction depth concave MOSFET. In this paper, we suggest a new model which can simulate the electrical characteristics of concave MOSFET. The threshold voltage modeling was achieved using the charge sharing method considering the relative difference of source and drain depletion widths. To analyze the ID-VDS characteristics, the conventional expressions for planar MOSFET were employed with the electrical channel length as an effective channel length and the channel length modulation factor as ${\alpha}$ΔL. By comparing the proposed model with experimental results, we could get reasonably similar curves and we proposed a concave MOSFET conditiion which shows no short channel effect of threshold voltage(V${\gamma}$).

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11d
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• pp.971-973
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• 1999

채널길이에 따른 n-채널과 p-채널 poly-Si TFT's를 제작하고 그 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. n-채널과 p-채널소자는 공통적으로 기생바이폴라트 랜지스터현상(parasitic bipolar transistor action)에 의한 kink 효과, 전하공유(charge sharing)에 의한 문턱전압의 감소, 소오스와 드레인 근처의 결함에 의한 RSCE(reverse short channel effect) 효과, 수직전계에 의한 이동도의 감소, 그리고 avalanche 증식에 의한 S-swing의 감소가 나타났다. n-채널은 p-채널 보다 더 큰 kink, 이동도, S-swing의 변화가 나타났으며, 높은 드레인 전압에서의 문턱전압의 이동은 avalanche 증식(multiplication)에 의한 것이 더 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 누설전류의 경우, 채널 길이가 짧아짐에 따라 n-채널은 큰 증가를 나타냈으나 p-채널의 경우는 변화가 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2001

Wholesale club is one of the fastest expanding retailer formats. Given its key features such as limited assortment and no promotion policy, the current paper provides a theory on why the wholesale clubs charge their members fixed annual fees. In a competitive setting with supermarkets, the proposed model demonstrates that the membership fee is the optimal reaction of wholesale clubs to supermarkets" sales promotion. More specifically, the positive amount of annual fee is only justified under the condition that there exists consumer heterogeneity in consumption rate and when the supermarket exercises price promotion on the product that the wholesale club carries. This paper describes the competition in a stylized fashion and derives the optimal membership fee under a scenario where retail promotion is present. This study is valuable in that it offers a different explanation on wholesale club membership fee than conventional wisdoms such as cost sharing and that it provides insights to the managers who consider no-fee format.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.930-939
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• 2009

A bimodal tram is being developed to combine the flexibility of a bus with the punctuality of a train. The propulsion system is a series hybrid type using a set of CNG engine generator and Li-polymer battery. This paper presents the experimental results of the series hybrid propulsion power unit using an active loader which can simulate powering and regenerative braking conditions of the propulsion equipments continuously. The power sharing scheme between PWM converter and a battery pack has been observed. The measurement results of DC link voltage and SOC(State Of Charge) of battery pack are presented.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.403-406
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• 2007

A New S-PVA which is named as charge-shared super PVA (CS S-PVA) LCD mode is proposed. CS SPVA controls the voltage ratio of low pixel by sharing system between low pixel and control cap, resulting in improved off-axis image quality and transmittance increase without any side effects. Moreover, the new S-PVA LCD mode is free of image-sticking. Operating schemes and display performance of CS S-PVA are presented.